Cardiovascular Problems Research Articles

Background Comparing to general population, the diabetic population is at higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, along with glycemic control in diabetic patient control of other risk factors for cardiovascular problem is also important. metformin is widely used oral hypoglycemic agent and pitavastatin as an antilipidemic agent. Combination of antidiabetic and hypolipidemic drug has been suggested as a rich source for treatment. Objective The current study focused on the efficacy of Metformin, Pitavastatin and their combinations. Materials and methods 48 healthy male Wister strains of albino rats weighting to 180- 220gm aged between 10-12wks were selected for the study. The experimental condition was all set in a very. Alloxan was prepared accordingly. The metformin and pitavastatin solution were prepared every 48hrs to maintain its activity. Data were analyzed using ANOVA in each variable. Result Blood glucose level in all six groups after two weeks treatment on day 15, the mean value and its Standard Deviation of fasting blood glucose level in Metformin treated group was (9.37±0.92 mmol/L) which is significant. Whereas the mean ± SD of fasting blood glucose level in Pitavastatin treated group was (13.81 ±1.31mmol/L) not significant. When given in combination Metformin and Pitavastatin these mean ± SD of fasting blood glucose levels mean were (6.93 ±0.84mmol/L) and (5.21±0.93) in Metformin 100 mg and Pitavastatin 2mg treated group and Metformin 200 mg and Pitavastatin 4 mg respectively, which were even reduced more and show highly significant than the Metformin treated group rats. Conclusion Combination of Metformin and Pitavastatin is able to improve glucose level more than that in single drug therapy BJMS, Vol. 24 No. 04 October’25 Page : 1146-1152

Aging-related epigenetic instability in lncRNAs and miRNAs mediates the development of hypertension.

Background: People living with HIV (PLHIV) are more likely to have cardiovascular problems since they live longer due to antiretroviral therapy (ART). The goal of this study was to look at ECG and echocardiographic abnormalities in HIV-positive patients in Omdurman Tropical Disease Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 93 PLHIV was conducted between November 2020 and April 2021. Each patient underwent an ECG and an echocardiogram, and their clinical data, including WHO stage at diagnosis, ART regimen, and disease duration, were recorded. This comprehensive data collection enabled us to thoroughly investigate the relationship between QT prolongation or diastolic dysfunction and various clinical factors. Results: The predominant gender was female, including 46 out of 93 individuals. The average age was 38.9 ± 9.1 years. Among the total patients, 21.5% demonstrated diastolic dysfunction, 10.8% presented with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), 8.6% revealed tricuspid regurgitation, and 4.3% experienced moderate pulmonary artery hypertension (SPAP >35 mmHg). QT prolongation occurred in 26.9% of instances. ECG abnormalities were observed in 60.2% of individuals. Among these, longer QT intervals (26.9%) and ST-T alterations (12.9%) were the most prevalent observations. Gender exhibited a statistically significant correlation with QT prolongation (P = 0.006), while age showed a significant association with diastolic dysfunction (P = 0.036). Conclusion: Diastolic dysfunction and QT prolongation are common cardiac issues among HIV-infected patients. Routine heart check-ups should be part of HIV care, especially in older populations. Gender and age play key roles in specific heart problems in PLHIV. Additional studies are required to elucidate progression patterns and provide targeted therapies.

The human microbiome is a diverse group of microbes that regulates the host's environment and health. Probiotic microorganisms improve gastrointestinal microbial balance. However, frequent exposure to heavy metals (HMs) such as arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium and mercury can disrupt the delicate balance gut microbiota, altering its composition. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) from probiotics can effectively reduce HM toxicity and mobility in the environment, potentially enhancing the gut microbiota's ability to regulate the host's environment. The current paper discusses the role of probiotic supplementation on HM biosorption to build awareness about the health effects of HMs on human metabolism and raises concerns about their sources, distribution and the potential effects on human gut health. HM toxicity occurs through reactive oxygen species which can cause damage to cellular components such as DNA, proteins and lipids. This oxidative damage can lead to various health issues, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular problems and impaired immune function. EPS biopolymers have shown promising results in the removal of HMs from contaminated environments through binding with metal ions, preventing their harmful effects on living organisms. Thus, EPS biopolymers have been found to enhance the growth and activity of probiotic microorganisms, further aiding in the bioremediation process. Vigorous research is needed to understand the underlying mechanism and cell surface morphology of bacteria for better sorption and removal of HMs. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

Disclosure: S. Sivakumar: None. O. Jafery: None. S. Chandrasekar: None.Introduction: Methylphenidate is the first-line drug used in the comprehensive treatment program for ADHD. The use of psychotropic medications including Methylphenidate has surged in the past decade, especially in young children. However, the side effect profile of this drug remains under-evaluated. Hypogonadism has been increasingly reported in the pre-pubertal age group with escalating use of this drug. Cardiovascular problems, and behavioural and mood problems are the commonest known side effects of methylphenidate. However, how this drug affects the human reproductive system and causes gonadotrophic side effects is not studied much. It has previously been shown to cause hypogonadism in non-human primates and reduce testosterone concentration in mice. Case: A 16-year-old boy was seen in Endocrinology clinic who had been suffering from gynaecomastia. He was diagnosed with ADHD 4 years ago and started on methylphenidate. He developed gynaecomastia significant enough to affect him psychologically leading to reduced social interactions. Hormone panel showed low FSH, LH and testosterone. Later Methylphenidate was stopped by psychiatrist as part of his ADHD treatment for 4 months. On examination at this time, he had normal secondary sexual characteristics. Gynaecomastia was evident with areolar enlargement with a slight increase in breast tissue. Surprisingly, a repeat hormone panel after stopping this drug for around a year revealed normal LH, FSH, and testosterone levels. An ultrasound scan of the breasts showed increased adipose tissue in the subareolar region without any increase in fibro glandular tissue (pseudo gynaecomastia). DEXA scan showed reduced bone mineral density, MRI showed normal pituitary gland, Ultrasound scan showed normal sized testes with mild varicocele. Discussion: Methylphenidate blocks the reuptake of dopamine and noradrenaline in presynaptic neurons and inhibits their transport thereby increasing the dopamine concentration which creates a stimulant effect. The exact mechanism by which this drug causes hypogonadism is unclear, but it is speculated that methylphenidate acts on alpha and beta receptors in testes. The possibility of pre-testicular azoospermia due to stimulant medication-induced pituitary failure and dopamine excess is another proposal. Though there is ambiguity in the pathophysiologic connection, studies have shown that long-term use of ADHD medications could increase the risk of hypogonadism in post-pubertal males. Conclusion: Long-term use of methylphenidate has been shown to cause hypogonadism in animals however research in human samples is limited. The medication is very effective in the treatment of ADHD and with current escalating trends in the use of methylphenidate, strict guidelines should be there to monitor gonadal function, especially in children which can help them attain healthy puberty.Presentation: Saturday, July 12, 2025

Disclosure: C. won-kyoung: None. B. Eunha: None. S. Sim: None. S. Park: None. S. Kim: None. S. Kim: None. M. Ahn: None. S. Kim: None. K. Cho: None. K. Han: None. M. Jung: None. B. Suh: None.OBJECTIVE To explore the incidence of emergency hospitalization among young-onset diabetes using a nationwide registry database. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Based on the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort database from 2006 to 2019, data were collected for patients aged ≤30 years with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The risks of emergency hospitalization were compared with those in the general population. Results: The study consisted of 512,756 participants. T1D and T2D were detected in 428 and 1,298 participants, respectively. After adjusting for sex, age and family income, the hazard ratios (HRs) of any emergency hospitalization were 4.70 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.07–5.44) and 3.43 (95% CI, 3.07–3.83) for T1D and T2D, respectively. The HRs of emergency hospitalization due to endocrine problems were 439.53 (95% CI, 341.32–566.00) and 57.06 (95% CI, 36.97–88.06) for T1D and T2D, respectively. The HRs of emergency hospitalization due to cardiovascular problems were 3.67 (95% CI, 1.38–9.80) and 6.02 (95% CI, 3.86–9.38) for T1D and T2D, respectively. The HRs of emergency hospitalization due to infective disorders were 3.48 (95% CI, 2.06–5.87) and 4.72 (95% CI, 3.41–6.53) for T1D and T2D, respectively. The HRs of emergency hospitalization due to cancer were 2.57 (95% CI, 0.36–18.26) and 5.57 (95% CI, 2.63–11.81) for T1D and T2D, respectively. Conclusions: In South Korea, patients with young-onset diabetes are at high risk of emergencyhospitalization for various reasons.Presentation: Saturday, July 12, 2025

The segmentation of retinal blood vessels is critical in diagnosing and monitoring a variety of retinal ‎disorders, such as hypertension, diabetes, glaucoma, and other ocular and cardiovascular problems. ‎Retinal fundus pictures can aid in the early identification and management of these disorders by ‎providing essential details about the status of the blood vessels in the retina. Manual evaluation of retinal ‎fundus pictures by qualified ophthalmologists or experts takes time and requires competence. To address ‎these issues, an automated system for the purpose of diagnosing and treating eye illnesses, a ‎computerized image processing tool to divide the blood vessels that comprise of the ‎retina. The vessel extraction methodology is carried out in three stages: preprocessing, blood vessel ‎segmentation, and performance metric analysis. The green channel is extracted from the input image ‎during preprocessing, and the contrast is enhanced using CLAHE. After preprocessing, the image ‎undergoes a morphological operation followed by Otsu thresholding to segment the image has pixels that ‎represent vessels and non-vessels, respectively. This method is validated on the DRIVE and HRF ‎datasets, and the performance is measured in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity‎.

Background: Although HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) are essential for antiretroviral therapy's viral suppression, they have also been closely linked to the emergence of dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress, two conditions that put patients at risk for cardiovascular problems. Curcumin is an active polyphenol in Curcuma longa, which has received increasing attention for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-modulating properties, suggesting a potential role in mitigating drug-induced metabolic derangements. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative effects of curcumin on HIV PI–induced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress in Wistar albino rats. Methods: Twenty-four adult male rats were randomized into four groups (n = 6): Control, Curcumin only (100 mg/kg), PI only (lopinavir 50 mg/kg + ritonavir 12.5 mg/kg), and PI + Curcumin (same PI regimen with curcumin supplementation introduced after two weeks of PI). Treatments were administered daily via oral gavage for six weeks. Serum lipid profile was analysed for total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, and TC/HDL ratio, while liver homogenates were assessed for oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and reduced glutathione (GSH). Results: Findings showed that PI treatment significantly (p<0.001) elevated lipid parameters, TC, TG, LDL-C, and TC/HDL ratio, and reduced HDL-C, while also increasing MDA and reducing antioxidant enzymes (all p<0.05). Curcumin co-treatment reversed these alterations, lowering TC and TG by ~15–20% and restoring antioxidant enzyme levels toward control values. Curcumin alone did not alter lipid or oxidative parameters. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that curcumin may effectively mitigate PI-induced dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress, highlighting its potential as a safe adjunct to improve metabolic outcomes in HIV therapy. Further clinical research is warranted to validate these protective effects and to inform the integration of curcumin supplementation into comprehensive HIV care.

The tobacco industry introduced electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) as a supposed measure for harm reduction or cessation strategy among conventional cigarette smokers. Nevertheless, public health has raised awareness about the risks that e-cigarettes pose for population health, including cardiovascular and respiratory problems and possible nicotine dependence. According to the World Health Organization, the prevalence of e-cigarettes among adolescents has increased after the COVID-19 pandemic, showing a significant health threat for European countries, such as Austria (12%), Germany (15%), and Spain (10%). Additionally, several studies show that users of internet and social media platforms, such as X (formerly Twitter), Instagram, and YouTube, are exposed to positive content about vaping, marketing, and promotion of e-cigarette products, and a lack of public health communication about their consequences. At the same time, evidence suggests that more than 50% of European adults look for health-related information online, which poses significant difficulties for digital public health strategies aimed at mitigating e-cigarette misinformation and online smoking prevention. Researchers and practitioners should adopt a holistic approach when designing, implementing, and evaluating digital interventions, including the sociodemographic characteristics of the targeted population, community-engaged and participatory research design frameworks focused on countering misinformation for fact-checking and debunking misinformation, but also incorporate preventive interventions based on psychological inoculation and media literacy skills for increasing recognition of misinformation messages of e-cigarettes and vaping products.

Impact of artificial light at night and night shift work on brain functions and metabolism.

Novel flavonoid-magnesium complexes as inhibitors of plasma membrane calcium ATPase.

Introduction: It is paramount to identify factors associated with cardiometabolic risk, which significantly increase the likelihood of cardiovascular problems, especially in people with chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs). Thus, the objective was to verify the profile of a Family Health Unit (FHU) users who reported some CNCD and its relationship with cardiovascular risk. Methods: The study was conducted among users of the FHU in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, in 2022. The eligibility criteria were: age equal to or greater than 18 years, being overweight, having systemic arterial hypertension, and/or or diabetes mellitus (type 1 or 2). Pregnant women were excluded. The usual level of physical activity was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in the long form. Measurements were taken of body mass (kg), height (m), waist circumference (cm), and hip circumference (cm) for later calculation of body mass index (kg/m²) and waist-ratio-hip (cm). The conicity index (CI) was used to assess the cardiometabolic risk. Food consumption was measured using a food frequency screener validated for the Brazilian population. To carry out the graphical representation of the results, the multiple correspondence analysis (HOMALS) was performed. Analyzes were performed using the JAMOVI software (v. 2.3). Results: The sample comprised 51 middle-aged adults, predominantly female. Nutritional status ranged from eutrophic to grade III obesity, and 78% of subjects were classified as having very high cardiometabolic risk. Through the graphical representation Multiple Correspondence Analysis, the relationships between the variables of food consumption, nutritional status and cardiometabolic risk were observed, in which eutrophy and the consumption of healthy markers, such as fruits, beans and salad, from 3 to 4 times a week were close to moderate cardiometabolic risk; while the nutritional status obesity and consumption of sugary drinks, but also fruit; salads; beans and vegetables, were close to the very high cardiometabolic risk. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is possible to develop effective strategies for the promotion of healthy habits and the prevention of CNCDs, serving as a basis for the elaboration of public policies and promotion and prevention programs that encourage healthy eating habits and the regular practice of physical activities, in addition to promoting leptogenic environments. These actions can contribute to the reduction of risk factors associated with NCDs.

Throughout history, human beings have utilized animals, minerals and plants for various purposes including use of them as foods and remedies. The distribution of plants, animals and minerals varies across different regions of the world; however, we can find same species or closely related varieties in different geographical areas. Based on distinct different historical and cultural circumstances, there plants exhibit diverse therapeutic applications. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza spp.) as an ancient plant with long history of therapeutic uses is noticeable among traditional medicine of various cultures. Respectively, licorice is found in traditional medicines of Iran, India, Thailand and Korea and is recommended to respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal problems. In modern medicine diverse beneficial effects of licorice has been shown by researches. Licorice effects on oral complications, dyspepsia, dental and gingival problems, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and polycystic ovarian syndrome are examples of its positive role on human health. Considering the inhibitory effect of licorice on 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme type 2, pseudohyperaldosteronism may occur in case of long-term use of high doses and therefore, should be used with cautioun in susceptible patients. In spite of all the researches on licorice, it seems more clinical trials are needed to further confirm the therapeutic effects on this medicinal plant based on the traditional applications.

Background/Introduction: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) belongs to the most commonly diagnosed malignancies to this date, ranking as third across the globe. In addition, CRC remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths as it is ranked as the second most common cause of mortality. Therapeutic strategies for the management and treatment of CRC have made significant progress in the last two decades, with both adjuvant and neoadjuvant approaches playing critical roles in enhancing favorable outcomes with regimens like FOLFOX, CAPOX, and 5-FU-based therapies demonstrating effectiveness. Nevertheless, growing evidence indicates that these therapies may pose a risk of cardiotoxicity development. A systematic review will be conducted to map the mechanistic pathways of chemotherapy-induced in CRC in order to bridge oncology and cardiology perspectives, highlighting emerging diagnostic tools and long-term surveillance gaps. Purpose: The objective of this study is the investigation of the prevalence and characteristics of cardiovascular problems linked to frequently employed chemotherapy regimens, as well as to evaluate existing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Methodology: A thorough search across databases, including PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, and Cochrane Library, was performed to locate articles published up to 2025. The final studies included in the review underwent quality assessment. Results: Fourteen qualifying studies, comprising both prospective trials and case reports from diverse geographies, were included. Cardiovascular outcomes including myocardial strain, arrhythmias, angina, heart failure, and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy were evaluated. The diagnostic methods assessed comprised echocardiography, cardiac biomarkers, and electrocardiograms. In the reviewed trials, chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity varied from asymptomatic ventricular strain to serious cardiac complications. The FOLFOX and 5-FU regimens were predominantly linked to adverse cardiac outcomes. Prompt identification by echocardiographic strain imaging and biomarker monitoring facilitated timely intervention. Case studies revealed that, given proper cardiological support, certain patients could safely recommence chemotherapy following recovery. No standardized cardiac screening protocol was identified among the trials. Conclusions: Chemotherapy for colorectal cancer may present considerable cardiovascular hazards, highlighting the necessity for routine cardiac monitoring prior to and throughout treatment. This systematic review promotes collaborative cardio-oncology strategies to reduce risk and enhance therapeutic safety.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by recurrent upper airway collapse, intermittent hypoxemia, and sleep fragmentation. Beyond sleep disruption, OSA is increasingly recognized as a systemic condition with strong associations with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the link between OSA severity, respiratory physiology, clinical symptoms, and cardiovascular implications in adult patients with suspected OSA. Methods: A prospective study was carried out at two tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan, between March 2023 and March 2024. Ninety patients aged 30-70 years performed a standardized clinical examination, including the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), anthropometry, nighttime polysomnography (PSG), arterial blood gas measurement, and cardiovascular evaluations such as blood pressure, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and biomarker testing. The severity of OSA was determined using the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). The data was analyzed using SPSS v26.0, with a significance level of p <0.05. Results: The average age was 49.6 ± 10.8 years, and 64.4% were men. Patients with severe OSA exhibited substantially greater BMI, neck circumference, and ESS ratings compared to moderate OSA (p < 0.001). PSG results showed a decline in mean nocturnal SpO₂ (92.4% in moderate vs. 87.2% in severe, p < 0.001), oxygen desaturation index, and alertness index. Severe OSA was associated with higher rates of cardiovascular problems, including as hypertension (78.1%), resistant hypertension (21.9%), atrial fibrillation (18.8%), diastolic dysfunction (46.9%), pulmonary hypertension (28.1%), and increased hs-CRP (6.9 ± 2.2 mg/L). Conclusion: OSA severity strongly correlates with respiratory impairment, systemic inflammation, and cardiovascular dysfunction. Early recognition and comprehensive management are essential to reduce long-term cardiovascular risk and improve patient outcomes.

Aims Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder that often begins in a subclinical form but can lead to non-specific symptoms and cardiovascular problems. Its prevalence is higher among women, and a significant proportion of cases remain undiagnosed. While previous studies assessed screening in specific populations (e.g. pregnant women, older adults), this study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of population-wide screening in adults aged 30–65 from the Spanish National Health System (NHS) perspective. Materials and methods A cost-effectiveness Markov model was developed, simulating seven health states: subclinical hypothyroidism (undiagnosed and controlled), overt hypothyroidism (undiagnosed and controlled), euthyroid state, cardiovascular event, and death. Two strategies were compared: population-based screening versus no screening. Model inputs-transition probabilities, prevalence, costs, utilities, and screening effectiveness-were obtained from published literature. A panel of four clinical experts validated the model structure and assumptions. Lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were estimated, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated. Probabilistic, sensitivity, and scenario analyses were conducted. Results Population-based screening for hypothyroidism in individuals aged 30–65 resulted in an incremental cost of €34.7 million and 6,037 QALYs gained over 35 years, yielding an ICER of €5,745/QALY, significantly below the Spanish willingness-to-pay threshold (€21,000/QALY). Screening also resulted in 33,215 additional diagnoses of subclinical hypothyroidism and 6,870 fewer cases of overt hypothyroidism. It was cost-effective in 99% of probabilistic simulations and under all tested screening intervals (1–5 years). Limitations and conclusions Key limitations include the use of constant transition probabilities and some inputs from international sources. Nonetheless, expert validation supports the model’s relevance. The analysis adopts a conservative approach, excluding potential additional benefits like hyperthyroidism detection or integration with routine bloodwork, which could improve cost-effectiveness. Overall, hypothyroidism screening is a cost-effective strategy for the Spanish NHS, improving early detection, preventing progression, and enhancing quality of life in a frequently underdiagnosed population.

Abnormal cardiac activity can lead to severe health complications, emphasizing the importance of timely diagnosis. It is essential to save lives if diseases are diagnosed in a reasonable timeframe. The intelligent telehealth system has the potential to transform the healthcare industry by continuously monitoring cardiac diseases remotely and non-invasively. A cloud-based telehealth system utilizing an Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled electrocardiogram (ECG) monitor gathers and analyzes ECG signals to predict cardiac complications and notify physicians in crises, facilitating prompt and precise diagnosis of cardiovascular disorders. Abnormal cardiac activity can lead to severe health complications, making early detection crucial for effective treatment. This study provides an efficient method based on deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) approaches to categorize and detect cardiovascular problems utilizing ECG data to increase classifications (referring to distinguishing between different ECG signal categories) and precision. Additionally, a threshold-based classifier is developed for the telehealth system’s security and privacy to enable user identification (for selecting the correct user from a group) using ECG data. A data preprocessing and augmentation technique was applied to improve the data quality and quantity. The proposed LSTM model attained 99.5% accuracy in the classification of cardiac diseases and 98.6% accuracy in user authentication utilizing ECG signals. These results exhibit enhanced performance compared to conventional machine learning and convolutional neural network models.

Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most common diseases all over the world. HTN in young females is more common than in males because of the presence of some underlying disease, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is ubiquitous in adolescent girls and may induce sex hormone imbalances. We studied the prevalence of HTN in adolescent girls suffering PCOS referred to the clinic during 1 year. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study investigating the clinical and paraclinical parameters of patients diagnosed with PCOS who were referred to our clinic in 2021. A checklist containing information on demographic findings, history, physical examination, clinical manifestations, and laboratory test results is used to collect patients' data. Forty-five patients, 11 to 18 years old (mean 16 years), fulfilled PCOS criteria and enrolled in this study. The minimum and maximum systolic blood pressure of patients were 90 and 140 mmHg (mean 111 mmHg, standard deviation: 14.44), and the minimum and maximum diastolic blood pressure were 60 and 90 mmHg (mean 72 mmHg, standard deviation: 14.44). Five patients (11.1%) had HTN by definition, and the mean BMI was 28.1 (standard deviation: 8.3). Echocardiography showed LVH in 4 (8.9%) of patients, and 2 (4.4%) of the patients had hyperlipidemia. Other related findings were increased unwanted hair growth in 31 (68%), depression and anxiety diagnosed according to criteria and by psychiatric consultation in 22 (48.9%) cases, cardiovascular problems in 6 (13.3%) cases, diabetes mellitus in 7 (15.6%) of patients according to ADA 2018 guidelines, hypothyroidism in 4 (8.9%) and asthma in 6 (13.3%) of patients. Although this study is a small one and was done in a single center, it supports the importance of PCOS in adolescent girls associated with or predisposing to other diseases such as HTN. Careful evaluation and close observation of these patients is critical because early diagnosis and management can prevent late and serious complications.

Background:Chronic kidney disease, or renal failure, is a public health problem with an estimated prevalence of 8%–16% worldwide. This study was conducted to investigate the evolution of hematocrit levels over time in renal patients after transplantation and to determine how the evolution of hematocrit levels depends on the patients’ age, sex, and other factors.Objective:The main objective of this study was to employ a mixed-effects model to examine the unbalanced longitudinal evolution of hematocrit levels in chronic kidney failure patients.Methodology:This longitudinal study included 1160 patients who received a renal transplant. These patients were followed for at most 10 years. The hematocrit level was considered the response, while the covariates were time in years, sex, and age of the patients. Different statistical methods, such as explanatory analysis, multivariate regression, two-stage analysis, and linear mixed-effects models, were employed to explore the evolution of hematocrit over time.Results:The results revealed that hematocrit levels in kidney transplant patients evolve. The sex and age of the patient significantly affect the evolution of hematocrit levels. Males tend to have a greater increase in hematocrit levels over time than females do. Hematocrit levels tend to increase with increasing age. Furthermore, cardiovascular problems before transplant and rejection symptoms did not significantly affect the evolution of hematocrit levels.Conclusions:Hematocrit levels evolve, and this evolution follows a quartic time effect. The change in hematocrit levels varies according to the sex and age of the patient after a kidney transplant. Patients with low hematocrit levels tend to have a greater increase over time.

BackgroundA class of endocrine-disrupting chemicals with numerous industrial uses and proven harmful health effects are bisphenols, especially bisphenol A (BPA). These substances pose serious exposure risks in healthcare settings because they are widely found in consumer goods, food containers, and medical equipment. Even though there is growing evidence that exposure to bisphenols can cause metabolic, reproductive, and cardiovascular problems, little is known about these environmental toxins by medical professionals. One major obstacle to efficient risk assessment, patient counseling, and occupational safety implementation in clinical settings is the lack of awareness among frontline healthcare workers.MethodsThe healthcare professionals at Gaziantep University Şahinbey Research and Training Hospital participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study from April 15 to September 15, 2024. 397 healthcare professionals, including physicians, nurses, midwives, and health technicians, participated in standardized in-person interviews using a validated 13-item bisphenol knowledge assessment questionnaire. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS 25.0 software and included descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, chi-square tests, Spearman correlation analysis, and CHAID decision tree analysis.ResultsA critically low level of awareness was indicated by the fact that only 23.7% of participants reported having previously encountered bisphenols. With a mean knowledge score of 3.90 ± 3.48 out of 13 possible points, 82.6% of healthcare professionals were classified as having inadequate knowledge (p < 0.001). A significant difference in knowledge was observed based on professional title (physicians scored the highest, p = 0.015), marital status (married vs. single: 4.26 ± 3.57 vs. 3.39 ± 3.30, p = 0.014), and professional experience (6–10 years vs. 0–5 years: 4.29 ± 3.48 vs. 3.30 ± 3.15, p = 0.049). A positive correlation was observed between age and knowledge levels (r = 0.133, p = 0.008).ConclusionThe vast majority of Turkish healthcare professionals do not fully comprehend the sources of exposure, the health risks, or the precautions that should be taken about bisphenols, according to this study. These findings indicate that comprehensive educational interventions and policy reforms are urgently required to enhance environmental health literacy in healthcare settings.