Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium Salt Research Articles

Topical vancomycin for treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis infection in a rat spinal implant model.

Basic science. Investigate the ability of local applicaiton of vancomycin, either in powder form or suspended within poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres (MS), to treat infection using a rat spinal model. Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a serious complication after spine surgery and are associated with high morbidity and mortality and often caused my coagulase negative staphylococci. A comprehensive approach to reduce SSIs has been recommended including the use of topical vancomycin. Animal and human studies have shown improved control of infection with local compared to systemic antibiotics. K-wires seeded with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A (MRSE) were treated with vancomycin powder, carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (CMC) (microsphere carrier), vancomycin powder, blank MS or vancomycin-loaded MS for 24 or 48h in vitro after which bacteria were enumerated. In addition, a spinal instrumentation model was developed in rats with a bacterial seeded K-wire implanted into the right side of L4 and L5. Rats underwent no treatment or were treated locally with either vancomycin powder, blank MS or vancomycin-loaded MS. After 8weeks, the K-wire, bone, soft tissue and wire fastener were cultured and results analyzed. Vancomycin powder and vancomycin-loaded MS resulted in significantly fewer bacteria remaining in vitro than did CMC. Vancomycin powder- treated animals' cultures were significantly lower than all other groups (P < 0.0001) with negative culture results, except for one animal. The vancomycin-loaded MS-treated animals had lower bone bacterial counts than the controls (P < 0.0279); blank MS-treated animals had no differences in bacterial densities when compared to non-treated animals. Vancomycin powder and vancomycin-loaded MS were active against MRSE in vitro, in a rat MRSE implant model; however, vancomycin MS were inferior to the topical vancomycin powder. Vancomycin powder prevented MRSE infection in a rat spinal implant infection model.

Spectroscopic, Optical and Dielectric Investigation of (Mg, Cu, Ni, or Cd) Acetates’ Influence on Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sodium Salt/Polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymer Electrolyte Films

Solid polymer electrolytes, which have a low bandgap and a high dielectric constant, are an interesting technology for optoelectronic applications and supercapacitors. This work studies the influence of Mg, Cu, Ni or Cd acetates on the structural and optical properties and the dielectric relaxation phenomena in carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) blends. The dielectric behavior, ac conductivity and electrical modulus formalism were investigated in a frequency range of up to 1 MHz at room temperature. X-ray diffraction energy dispersive x-ray, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, revealed modifications of the films’ structural and chemical compositions and their morphology. UV–Vis and dielectric properties measurements revealed that the Cu and Mg salts had more distinctive influences on the optical properties, ac conductivity ($$ \sigma_{\rm{ac}} ) $$ and relaxation behavior. Cu and Mg reduced the optical bandgap Eg of the CMC/PVP blends from 5.1 eV to 4.7 eV and 3.6 eV, respectively, but increased $$ \sigma_{\rm{ac}} $$ from 8.61 × 10−5 S/cm to 1.34 × 10−4 S/cm and 1.81 ×10−4 S/cm, respectively. The dielectric measurements revealed an increase in the dielectric constant and dielectric losses for the composite films, which reflect the enhancement of the dielectric polarization of the films. The electric modulus spectra, calculated relaxation time and Argand plots confirmed an improvement in the ionic conductivity of the composite films. These results indicate that the incorporation of the acetate salts is a simple approach to widening the technological importance of CMC/PVP blend films for some optoelectronic devices and Cu and Mg battery applications.

Impact Mechanism of Interfacial Polymer Film Formation in Aqueous Quenchants

The results of studies of the cooling ability, rheological and surface-active properties of aqueous solutions of polyalkyleneglycol, sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose and polyacrylamide are presented. The choice of polymers is due to the problem of studying the mechanism of the cooling process in aqueous solutions of polymers. Comparison of the results of complex studies and video surveillance made it possible to propose a substantiated version of the mechanism of heat transfer during cooling of a metal sample in aqueous solutions of polymers. At the moment of shock boiling, a substance is formed in the wall layer, which is a nanosol (for PAG solutions) or a nanogassuspension (for Na-CMC and PAA). Under the action of a shock wave, it is directed from the heated metal surface to the interface between the polymer solution-vapor film, forming an interfacial polymer shock film. One of the stages of the shock mechanism of the formation of a polymer film is the adsorption increase in the polymer concentration on the surface of the bubbles formed during shock boiling; the next stage, the polymer shell of the bubbles, is spent on the formation of an interfacial polymer film. Heat fluxes and heat transfer coefficients are presented as a function of polymer concentration and surface temperature. The research results can be useful for assessing the effect of an interfacial polymer film on the ratio of the initial, first qcr1 and second qcr2 critical heat fluxes density, which determines the passage of heat transfer stages in water-polymer quenching media (WPQM).

Water solar distiller productivity enhancement using solar collector and phase change material (PCM)

This paper examines the use of a solar still associated with a solar collector, and phase change materials, in improving productivity in solar distillation. We contrasted productivity from a solar still associated with a solar collector both with and without PCMs, and explored relevant issues around design and installation. Experiments were conducted at an east–west orientation in Karbala at the end of October and beginning of November. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP K-30), polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC ), were used for their chemical properties as latent heat energy storage. The hourly output rose little where the solar distillation was coupled with solar collector but without LHTESS, through sunny days. There was an increase of about 30%–50% in freshwater output for LHTESS than was the case without. As daylight progressed the pure water created by the solar still increased. A solar still with solar collector for LHTESS is found to be increased according to the type of additive used. Water temperature was measured in a specified period. We studied the use of a solar still associated with solar collector both with and without PCM as thermal storage. The system run time was increased with the addition of PCM. System productivity and system efficiency also increased, by about 120 % and 40% respectively.

New ways of solving the problem of restenosis in the surgical treatment of congenital choanal atresia in children

In order to solve the issues of prevention of the fibrosis in the postoperative period in patients with CAC, the prospects of using the carboxymethyl cellulose gel-sodium salt (CGSS) were assessed. This medicine was used in patients, who were: primarily operated, after a period of wearing a protector (n=17); primarily operated without using a protector, at the final stage of the operation and in the early postoperative period (n=15); reoperated because of the restenosis, also at the final stage of the operation and in the early postoperative period (n=12). We present our results of application of the carboxymethyl cellulose gel-sodium salt for the prevention of scar adhesions in this condition: endoscopy of the nasal cavity and choanal region in all 44 patients with follow-up observation (from 1 year to 5 years) showed no signs of restenosis. The use of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt in the intra- and postoperative period may be one of the ways of solving the problem of restenosis after surgery in children with CAC along with the use of endoscopic techniques for performing choanotomy.

Numerical Simulation of Polymer Solutions in a Single-Screw Extruder

Single-screw extruders are the most common equipment used for polymer extrusion. The study of the hydrodynamics of a polymer melts flow in the extruder channel is the basis for modeling and understanding the extrusion process. In general form, the extruder includes a straight section with a screw installed in it. In this study, the three-dimensional mathematical modeling of the polymer solutions flow in the metering zone of a single-screw extruder is performed. The influences of the screw geometry (L/D2 = 1…3) on the flow structure and the pressure drop are analyzed under a speed rotation up to 60 rpm. Aqueous solutions of 0.5% polyacrylamide (0.5% PAA) and 1.5% sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose (1.5% CMC) are considered as the working fluid.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ГЕМОСТАТИЧЕСКОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ КРОВООСТАНАВЛИВАЮЩИХ ИМПЛАНТОВ В ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЕ IN VITRO

Stopping bleeding during injuries, planned and emergency surgical interventions is a difficult and not completely resolved problem. Accordingly, in modern surgery, the most promising direction is the development of new drugs that affect the hemostatic system and locally acting hemostatic agents. This article presents the results of the research on the comparative analysis of the ability of application hemostatic agents to form a blood clot in the in vitro experiment. The hemostatic properties of the following agents were studied: sponge implants based on sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose in two versions: unmodified and thermostabilized, hemostatic collagen sponge, and «Tachocomb» hemostatic sponge. The experiment was performed using stabilized blood citrate of 10 volunteer donors, which was recalcification subsequently, on an APG2-02-P coaguometer. In this research, we confirmed the effectiveness of this technique for the comparative analysis of hemostatic implants. In addition, the results of the research showed that all the samples used by us significantly reduce the coagulation time in the experiment compared with the control.

New generation of controlled release phosphorus fertilizers based on biological macromolecules: Effect of formulation properties on phosphorus release

The main objective of this work was to study the possibility of using polysaccharides and lignin as a coating material for water-soluble triple superphosphate (TSP) granular fertilizers. In this study, composites based on three polysaccharides (sodium alginate (alginic acid sodium salt): AL, kappa-carrageenan: CR and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt: CM) and lignin (LG) were prepared. The lignin used was extracted from olive pomace (OP) biomass using the alkali method. The morphological, mechanical, and surface properties as well as the thermal behavior of the coatings were characterized and compared. Their morphology and thickness revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed good adhesion between the fertilizer and coating materials. The results showed that the lignin-carrageenan formulation (LGCR) exhibited the highest water absorbency and elastic modulus. Release tests showed the effect of the TSP/biopolymer mass ratio and that the slowest P release was obtained with the LGCR@TSP formulation composite within 3 day. In addition, 59.5% and 72.5% of P was released after 3 days with the TSP/biopolymer mass ratios of 5/1 and 15/1, respectively, compared to 100% P release with the uncoated TSP.

Capillary breakup extensional rheometry of sodium carboxymethylcellulose solutions in water and propylene glycol/water mixtures

ABSTRACTThis article presents the results of capillary break‐up extensional rheometer experiments conducted for semidilute solutions of carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (Na‐CMC) with degrees of substitution (DS) ranging from 0.62 to 1.04 in distilled water and propylene glycol (PG)/water mixtures. The partial aggregation of Na‐CMC chains with DS &lt; 1 observed in aqueous solutions triggers an increase in apparent extensional viscosity and extension of break‐up time. The rheological properties of Na‐CMC solutions in propylene glycol/water mixture are determined by the solubility of the polymer and the physical crosslinking of chains. The disappearance of the elasto‐capillary regime during the filament thinning of Na‐CMC solutions with DS &lt; 1 in propylene glycol/water mixture was linked to the physical crosslinking of polymer chains. The shape of the extensional viscosity curve for Na‐CMC solutions with DS = 1.04 in PG/water mixture was characteristic for semidilute polymer solutions with a low number of entanglements. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1537–1547

Layered Co-Immobilization of β-Glucosidase and Cellulase on Polymer Film by Visible-Light-Induced Graft Polymerization.

Exploring a suitable immobilization strategy to improve catalytic efficiency and reusability of cellulase is of great importance to lowering the cost and promoting the industrialization of cellulose-derived bioethanol. In this work, a layered structure with a thin PEG hydrogel as the inner layer and sodium polyacrylate (PAANa) brush as the outer layer was fabricated on low density polyethylene (LDPE) film by visible-light-induced graft polymerization. Two enzymes, β-glucosidase (BG) and cellulase, were separately coimmobilized onto this hierarchical film. As supplementary to cellulase for improving catalytic efficiency, BG was in situ entrapped into the inner PEG hydrogel layer during the graft polymerization from the LDPE surface. After graft polymerization of sodium acrylate on the PEG hydrogel layer was reinitiated, cellulase was covalently attached on the outer PAANa brush layer. Owing to the mild reaction condition (visible-light irradiation and room temperature), the immobilized BG could retain a high activity after the graft polymerization. The immobilization did not alter the optimal pH and temperature of BG or the optimal temperature of cellulase. However, the optimal pH of cellulase shifts to 5.0 after immobilization. Compared with the original activity of single cellulase system and isolated BG/cellulase immobilization system, the dual-enzyme system exhibited 82% and 20% increase in catalytic activity, respectively. The dual-enzyme system could maintain 93% of carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (CMC) activity after repeating 10 cycles of hydrolysis and 89% of filter paper activity after 6 cycles relative to original activity, exhibiting excellent reusability. This layer coimmobilization system of BG and cellulase on the polymer film displays tremendous potential for practical application in a biorefinery.

Characterization, optical, and nanoscale free volume properties of Na‐CMC/PAM/CNT nanocomposites

Polyblend and nanocomposite films of sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose (Na‐CMC)/polyacrylamide (PAM) and Na‐CMC/PAM modified with carbon nanotubes (CNT) were synthesized by the solution casting technique. The effect of PAM and CNT loading on the structural, optical, and nanoscale free volume properties of Na‐CMC was studied. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy exhibited the existence of strong interactions between Na‐CMC and PAM and the non‐destructive effect of CNT on Na‐CMC/PAM structure. The HR‐TEM revealed the multi‐walled structure of CNT with a 7.06‐nm wall thickness and a 6.92‐nm wall inner diameter. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) was done, in a vacuum and at 30°C to 200°C, to investigate the nanoscale free volume properties by using a conventional fast‐fast coincidence spectrometer. It was found that the o‐Ps lifetime (τ3) and free volume (Vh) increase with increasing CNT percentage in the Na‐CMC/PAM blend. The distribution of the o‐Ps lifetime was broadened with increasing CNT ratios. Furthermore, the glass transition temperature (Tg) increases with increasing loads of CNT. For the first time, a correlation was done between Urbach energy (EU) and Vh. Finally, the results were represented and discussed in the frame of free volume properties. Optical measurements showed that the transmittance T% of Na‐CMC/PAM was 91.12% and decreased to 68.42% and 36.45% after loading with 1.0 and 2.0 wt % CNT. In addition, the blend shows higher insulating properties compared with the individual polymers. The CNT incorporation reduces the band gap significantly and increases the EU in the films.

Effect of anode binders on low-temperature performance of automotive lithium-ion batteries

The effect of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) binders in the anodes on low-temperature performance and cyclability of automotive Li-ion batteries is investigated in 2.0 Ah cylindrical 18650 cells, composed of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 as cathodes and graphite as anodes. The physical and electrochemical properties of SBR/CMC and PVdF anodes are characterized to compare their low-temperature performance. It is found that the adhesion strength of the SBR/CMC anode is slightly higher than that of the PVdF anode. On the other hand, because of its lower glass transition temperature (Tg), higher ionic conductivity and better absorption of the electrolyte, the PVdF anode results in higher electrical and ionic conductivity than observed in the SBR/CMC anode at low temperatures. These properties of the PVdF anode contribute to smaller impedance and faster Li-ion diffusion. Thus, the PVdF anode exhibits better discharge behavior and cycle performance at low temperatures than the SBR/CMC anode.

Increasing the Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation Rates of Magnesium by Incorporating CMC(Na) (Carboxymethylcellulose-Sodium Salt) and Nickel.

Samples with compositions of 95 wt% Mg + 5 wt% CMC(Na) [carboxymethylcellulose, sodium salt, {C6H7O₂(OH)x(C₂H₂O₃Na)y}n] [named Mg-5CMC(Na)] and 90 wt% Mg + 10 wt% CMC(Na) [named Mg-10CMC(Na)] were prepared via milling in hydrogen (hydride-forming milling). Mg-5CMC(Na) and Mg-10CMC(Na) had very high hydrogenation rates but low dehydrogenation rates. Adding Ni to Mg is known to increase the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation rates of Mg. We chose Ni as an additive to increase dehydrogenation rates of Mg-5CMC(Na) and Mg-10CMC(Na). A sample with a composition of 90 wt% Mg + 5 wt% CMC + 5 wt% Ni [named Mg-5Ni-5CMC(Na)] was prepared via hydride-forming milling. The activation of Mg-5Ni-5CMC(Na) was completed at the third hydrogenation-dehydrogenation cycle (N ═ 3). Mg-5Ni-5CMC(Na) had an effective hydrogen-storage capacity (the quantity of hydrogen absorbed for 60 min) of 5.83 wt% at 593 K in 12 bar hydrogen at N ═ 3. Mg-5Ni-5CMC(Na) released 2.73 wt% H for 10 min and 4.61 wt% H for 60 min at 593 K in 1.0 bar hydrogen at N ═ 3. Mg-5Ni-5CMC(Na) dehydrogenated at N ═ 4 contained Mg and small amounts of MgO, β-MgH₂, Mg₂Ni, and Ni. Hydride-forming milling of Mg with CMC and Ni and Mg₂Ni formed during hydrogenation-dehydrogenation cycling are believed to have increased the dehydrogenation rates of Mg-5CMC(Na) and Mg-10CMC(Na). As far as we know, this study is the first in which a polymer CMC(Na) and Ni were added to Mg via hydride-forming milling to improve the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation rates of Mg.

Metabolomics of Aurantio-Obtusin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats for Discovery of Potential Biomarkers.

Aurantio-obtusin is an anthraquinone derived from Cassia obtusifolia (cassiae semen). It is also used as a tool and a detection index for the identification of cassiae semen, as stipulated by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Anthraquinones, the main components in cassiae semen, have been reported to show hepatotoxicity. This study investigates the hepatotoxicity of aurantio-obtusin in male Sprague–Dawley rats. We randomly divided the animals into a blank control group and treated three test groups with different doses of aurantio-obtusin: Low dose (4 mg/kg), medium dose (40 mg/kg), and high dose (200 mg/kg). Each group was treated with aurantio-obtusin for 28 days, whereas the control group was administered an equal volume of 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC-Na) aqueous solution. Subsequently, we conducted biochemical, hematological, and pathological investigations and determined the weight of different organs. We used serum metabolomics to identify possible biomarkers related to hepatotoxicity. The low-dose group showed no significant liver injury, whereas the medium- and high-dose groups manifested obvious liver injury. Compared with the control group, the test groups showed an increase in alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase levels. The liver organ coefficient also significantly increased. Additionally, we found significant changes in the hematological indices. Metabolomics analysis showed that aurantio-obtusin induced 28 endogenous markers related to liver injury. Our data indicate that aurantio-obtusin induces hepatotoxicity in rat liver in a dose-dependent manner and is mediated by pathways involving bile acids, fatty acids, amino acids, and energy metabolism. In particular, changes in bile acid content during treatment with therapeutic agents containing aurantio-obtusin deserve increased attention.

Inhibitory effect of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and synergistic biodegradable gemini surfactants as effective inhibitors for MS corrosion in 1 M HCl

The aim of this paper is to study the anticorrosive performance of the polymer–surfactants system comprising of mixed solutions of varying concentrations (10–700 ppm) of sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) and fixed concentration (1 ppm) of synthesized oppositely charged biodegradable cationic di-ester bonded gemini surfactants i.e., ethane-1,2-diylbis(N,N-dimethyl-N-alkylammoniumacetoxy)dichloride, referred as m-E2-m, (where m = 12, 14, 16, the number of carbon atoms in alkyl chain and E2 is the di-ester group in gemini’s spacer part), for mild steel in 1 M HCl solution. The inhibition effect of mixed NaCMC - gemini surfactant system was examined using weight loss measurement, potentiodynamic polarization (PP) measurements, electrochemical impedance (EIS) measurements, surface morphological observation by scanning electron microscopy (), and molecular dynamics simulation study. NaCMC alone was observed to offer moderate inhibition efficiency (IE) of 57.3% at 500 ppm, which was synergistically increased in the presence of very small amount of synthesized gemini surfactants. The improvement in IE was highly dependent on the surfactant tail length; the maximum improvement in IE of 90.1% was observed in presence of 16-E2-16. The adsorption of the studied systems followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. PP result showed that all the examined systems behave as mixed type inhibitors. EIS results supported the existence of protective layer by the adsorption of inhibitor molecules on the metal surface. The formation of protective layer of studied systems on the mild steel surface was confirmed by FT-IR and SEM results. Molecular dynamics simulation was further performed to provide molecular level insights into the adsorption mechanism with the structure of studied systems.

Синтез графт-сополимеров натриевой соли карбоксиметилцеллюлозы с N-винилимидазолом и исследование свойств их водных дисперсий

Радикальной полимеризацией в присутствии пероксида водорода получены графт-сополимеры натриевой соли карбоксиметилцеллюлозы и N-винилимидазола. Структура полученных продуктов подтверждена методом ИК-спектроскопии. Методами просвечивающей электронной микроскопии, динамического светорассеяния и лазерного допплеровского микроэлектрофореза установлено, что частицы дисперсий сополимеров имеют несферическую форму и отрицательный электрокинетический потенциал. Изучено влияние присутствие хлорида натрия на гидродинамический радиус частиц полимеров&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; REFERENCES&#x0D; &#x0D; Madruga E. From classical to living/controlled statistical free-radical copolymerization // Prog. Polym. Sci., 2002, v. 27, pp. 1879–1924. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6700(02)00023-0&#x0D; Barouti G., Jaffredo C. G., Guillaume S. M. Advances in drug delivery systems based on synthetic poly(hydroxybutyrate) (co)polymers // Polym. Sci., 2017, v. 73, pp. 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci. 2017.05.002&#x0D; Kabanov A. V., Vinogradov S. V. Nanogels as pharmaceutical carriers: fi nite networks of infi nite capabilities // Chem. Int. Ed., 2009, v. 48, pp. 5418–5429. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200900441&#x0D; Oh J. K., Drumright R., Siegwart D., Matyjaszewski K. The development of microgels/nanogels for drug delivery applications // Polym. Sci., 2008, v. 33, pp. 448–477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2008.01.002&#x0D; Kuznetsov V. A., Lavlinskaya M. S., Ostankova I. V. Synthesis of N-vinylformamide and 1-vinyl-(1-methacryloyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrazole copolymers and their extraction ability in relation to histidine in watersalt media // Bull., 2018, v. 75, pp. 1237–1251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-017-2091-2&#x0D; Bhattacharya A., Misra B. Grafting: a versatile means to modify polymersTechniques, factors and applications // Polym. Sci., 2004, v. 29, pp. 767–814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. progpolymsci.2004.05.002&#x0D; Rasoulzadeh M., Namaz H. Carboxymethyl cellulose/graphene oxide bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads as anticancer drug carrier agent // Polym., 2017, v. 168, pp. 320–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.03.014&#x0D; Worzakowska M. Chemical modifi cation of potato starch by graft copolymerization with citronellyl methacrylate // Polym. Environ., 2018, v. 26, pp. 1613–1624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-017-1062-x&#x0D; Kuznetsov V. A., Kushchev P. O., Blagodat skikh I. V. Aqueous dispersions of cross-linked poly-N-vinylcaprolactam stabilized with hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide: synthesis, colloidal stability, and thermosensitive properties // Polym. Sci., 2016, v. 294, pp. 889–899. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-016-3843-5&#x0D; Gen, Uzun C., Güven O. Quaternized poly(1-vinylimidazole) hydrogel for anion adsorption // Polym. Bull., 2016, v. 73, pp. 179–190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-015-1479-0&#x0D; Jakubiak-Marcinkowska A, Legan M, Jezierska J. Molecularly imprinted polymeric Cu(II) catalysts with modified active centres mimicking oxidation enzymes // Polym. Res., 2013, v. 20(12), pp. 317–328. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10965-013-0317-z&#x0D;

Properties of Mixed Aqueous Solutions of Polyethylene Oxide and Carboxymethyl Cellulose with Different Degrees of Ionization and of Composite Films Prepared from Them

Rheological properties of mixtures of dilute and moderately concentrated aqueous solutions of carboxymethyl cellulose with various degrees of ionization and polyethylene oxide were studied. The range of compositions in which the viscosity of dilute solutions of the polymer blends shows negative deviation from the calculated additive values becomes broader in going from carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt to partially ionized carboxymethyl cellulose. In concentrated mixed polymer solutions, the deviation of the viscosity from the additive values is always positive. Film composite materials were prepared, and their structural organization and compatibility of the polymers in the solid state were studied by dynamic mechanical analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis. Carboxymethyl cellulose with various degrees of ionization is incompatible with polyethylene oxide in the composite films obtained, and no new mixed structures are formed. Polyethylene oxide behaves as an interstructural plasticizer of the cellulose ether.

Carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt – effective “green” regent for management of calcium carbonate crystallization and nat-ural gas hydrate formation

The effect of carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (NaCMC) with molecular masses (Mw) of 90, 250 and 700 thousand on the crystallization of CaCO3 polymorphs, their size and deposition on the surface of stainless steel from supersaturated aqueous solution at 80 ° C was studied. As a result of specific reversible adsorption, when forming crystalline nuclei formed, it is assumed that NaCMC changes the shape of the growing crystal, preferably forming vaterite — up to 95% in the presence of NaCMC with a molecular mass of 90 thousand during the in-teraction of CaCl2 and NaHCO3. In the presence of Mg2+ ions, CaCO3 is formed mainly in the form of aragonite, and the influence of the molecular mass of NaCMC is significantly reduced. It was established that NaCMC with Mw 90 and 250 thousand inhibits the aggregation and ag-glomeration of CaCO3 crystals, leading to a decrease in the average size of crystals from 24 to 10.6 and 16.5 microns, respectively. Under the action of NaCMC with a molecular mass of 700 thousand, on the contrary, an increase in the size of crystals to 37.2 μm is observed. It is shown that NaCMC with Mw 90 and 250 thousand slows down the speed and changes the conditions of gas hydrate formation, showing the properties of a thermodynamic and kinetic inhibitor with an efficiency that exceeds methanol by 300-450 times when used in the same dosages. The da-ta obtained indicate the promise of creating new “green” reagents of complex action for oil and gas production on the basis of sodium salt carboxymethylcellulose.

Arctigenin ameliorates renal impairment and inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress in diabetic db/db mice

AimsDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays an important role in the development and progression of DN. Arctigenin (ATG), a lignan extract from Fructus Arctii, exhibits anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, anti-oxidative stress and immunomodulatory properties. The present research aimed to investigate whether ATG could protect against diabetes-related renal injury and inhibit ER stress in db/db mice. Main methodsMale db/db mice were randomly divided into two groups: DN group and ATG treatment group (DN + ATG). db/m mice were defined as the normal control group (NC). ATG was dissolved in 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt solution and administered orally at a dose of 80 mg/kg to mice in the DN + ATG group once daily for 8 consecutive weeks. HK2 cells were used to determine the effects of ATG on ER stress and cell apoptosis in vitro. Key findingsATG administration significantly reduced blood glucose, urine albumin excretion, and urine albumin to creatinine ratio, and attenuated renal pathological injury when compared with untreated db/db mice. These changes were accompanied by decreased expression of both ER stress-related markers and caspase 12 level in the kidneys of db/db mice. In vitro, high glucose activated ER stress signal transduction pathway and induced cell apoptosis in HK2 cells, which were blocked by ATG. SignificanceOur results suggest that ATG exerts renoprotective effects on diabetes-related renal injury in db/db mice and cytoprotective effects on high glucose induced cell apoptosis and inhibits ER stress.

Removal of Cs-137 and Sr-90 from reactor actual liquid waste samples using a new synthesized bionanocomposite-based carboxymethylcellulose

Abstract A new biosorbent containing vinylsulphonic acid and 2-acryloamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulphonic acid in the presence of magnetic nanoparticles, iron (III) oxide, grafted to carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt P(VSA/AMPSO3H/MNPs)-g-CMC bionanocomposite material (BNC) has been synthesized by γ radiation induced grafting copolymerization technique. The effect of comonomer, crosslinker, CMC concentration and the absorbed dose (kGy) on the grafting efficiency and swelling degree was studied. The BNC has been successfully synthesized and the structure of the prepared BNC was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermal analysis (TGA and DTA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), high-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph. Batch studies relevant to adsorption of Cs-137 and Sr-90 from the reactor actual liquid waste samples by the BNC were performed as a function of contact time, solution pH, metal ion concentration, and temperature in simulation studies using the γ emitting isotopes Cs-134 and Sr-85 as representatives of Cs-137 and Sr-90, respectively. Those studies were used to find out the best conditions for isolation of Cs-137 and Sr-90 from reactor actual liquid waste. The isotherms and kinetics were analyzed using different models at 25 °C. The maximum capacity of BNC was found to be 297 and 330 mg g−1 for Cs(I) and Sr(II) metal ions, respectively.