Carbon Nanofibers Research Articles (Page 1)

Developing accurate and effective methods of dopamine (DA) detection is vital for the rapid diagnosis of diseases related to abnormal DA levels. Herein, we developed a high-performance, nonenzymatic dopamine electrochemical sensor for DA detection. The sensor was fabricated by synthesizing metal-oxide heterojunction porous nanofibers (PNFs), specifically cobalt-doped nickel oxide and gadolinium-doped cerium dioxide (Co-NiO/GDC), on a carbon nanofiber template using electrospinning and high-temperature annealing. The doping of Co2+ and Gd3+ was shown to induce lattice distortions in NiO and CeO2, which in turn generated microstrains and surface defects at the phase interface. These structural enhancements played a key role in significantly boosting the material's catalytic activity for DA detection. The Co-NiO/GDC PNFs sensor demonstrated remarkable performance metrics, including a wide linear dynamic range (0.1 to 1100 μM), a high sensitivity (508.7 μA·mM-1·cm-2) and an exceptionally low detection limit (LOD = 0.018 μM, S/N = 3). The sensor also exhibited superior anti-interference properties, repeatability, reproducibility, and long-term stability. The sensor's practical utility was further validated by its ability to accurately detect DA levels in complex biological matrices such as animal serum and artificial urine, showcasing its potential for practical clinical applications.

This study explores the development of new room-temperature NO2 sensors utilizing carbon nanofibers (CNFs), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and their hybrids with reduced graphite oxide (rGO), fabricated via a facile drop casting method with varying concentrations of carbon/ethanol mixtures. The concentration-dependent relation of sensor response to NO2 has been found. Comprehensive characterization techniques, including electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and X-ray diffraction were employed to analyze the sensing materials. Our results reveal that CNFs exhibit superior sensitivity, reaching −1.32%/ppm at an optimal suspension concentration of 1.5 mg/mL, outperforming SWCNTs. The creation of hybrid composites, specifically CNFs/rGO and SWCNTs/rGO, further enhances sensing performance due to synergistic effects. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed increased adsorption behavior of the CNFs/rGO hybrid sensing material. The fabricated devices, based on all-carbon composites, are effective and energy-efficient platforms for NO2 detection, offering promising solutions for environmental monitoring, the chemical industry, and industrial safety applications.

Abstract Lithium metal is regarded as the ultimate anode for high‐energy‐density batteries due to its ultra‐high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh g −1 ) and lowest redox potential (−3.04 V vs standard hydrogen electrode). However, lithium dendrite growth remains a major challenge. In this study, a multifunctional interfacial layer is constructed using Fe 3+ ‐doped spinel oxide anchored on carbon nanofibers (CoMnFe@CNF). Through Fe 3+ ‐mediated cation regulation, the spin state of Co 3+ Tetrahedral (Td) is altered to enable directional solvent capture, while Mn 3+ Octahedral (Oh) sites promoted electron delocalization for enhanced desolvation and ion guidance. Density Functional Theory revealed spin‐reconstructed Co 3+ (Oh) sites increased Li⁺ adsorption energy from −0.96 to −3.06 eV via strong Lewis acid–base interactions. Concurrently, Mn 3+ ‐induced electron delocalization accelerated desolvation and optimized ion transport pathways. This enabled a synergistic mechanism of “solvent capture–desolvation promotion–ion guidance” to effectively suppress dendrite formation. The modified lithium anode delivered stable cycling over 2000 h, and demonstrated excellent performance in full cells. This work offers a new strategy for stabilizing lithium metal anodes via spin‐state engineering of spinel oxides, advancing practical lithium metal battery applications.

It is imperative to utilize nanotechnology in body-integrated sensors and fuel cell technologies. In accordance with these two purposes, this study focused on developing a suitable nanocatalyst structure to contribute to both glucose sensors and direct glucose fuel cell research. We primarily produced carbon nanofiber (CNF) structures using the electrospinning method. Carbon nanofiber-supported bimetallic palladium/nickel nanoalloy (PdNi@CNF) with high electrocatalytic activity was produced by the chemical reduction method to replace platinum-based nanostructures. CNF-supported PdNi structures were revealed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the average fiber diameter was calculated as 35.86 nm. In this study, this PdNi@CNF nanostructure was produced as an electrocatalyst for non-enzymatic glucose sensing (NEGS) and direct glucose fuel cell (DGFC) applications. It was modified by the drop-casting method on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The (Limit of Detection) LOD value for the PdNi@CNF structure was 5.93 mM, and the (Limit of Quantification) LOQ value was 17.95 mM. The PdNi@CNF electrode exhibits a low detection limit, high selectivity, short response time for NEGS, long-term stability, and high current value for DGFC applications. Briefly, an ideal catalyst that can operate in low alkaline environments and that can be used in NEGS and DGFC structures has been synthesized in this work. The results have shown that it can be used as a body-integrated sensor structure and a long-term stable catalyst in future studies.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-025-22335-1.

Subzero-cured OPC–CSA mortars incorporating shell-derived CaO and carbon nanofibers: Strength, freeze–thaw durability, and resistance to chloride ingress

Sonochemical synthesis of copper monosulfide Nanospheres decorated on carbon nanofibers: A viable non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for the detection of homovanillic acid in biological fluids

Decoding of contact number among carbon nanofibers in polymer composites: A new insight to govern electron transfer through tunneling zones

Selenium-doped MOF-derived Co/Zn carbon nanofibers with encapsulated structure for high-performance electrochemical energy storage

Fe/N modified porous carbon nanofibers with encapsulated FeCo nanoparticles for efficient electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia.

Innovative electrochemical detection of emerging pollutants using MXene and carbon nanofiber modified screen-printed electrodes

N, S, O co-doped carbon nanofiber encapsulated Fe7S8/Co9S8 three-dimensional composite as an excellent OER electrocatalyst for water splitting

Tailoring MoP/Rh2P-embedded BNFS-doped carbon nanofibers for supercapacitors via DFT-guided electronic and ion adsorption engineering

A novel smartphone-based electrochemical hydroquinone sensor using renewable electrocatalyst of carboxyl-functionalized carbon nanofiber derived from white seabass scale collagen

Defect engineering in carbon nanofibers for high-performance potassium-ion battery

In-depth insights into the evolution of NiFeCrCu multicomponent alloy in the course of the catalytic growth of carbon nanofibers

Improved energy storage performance of NiS2/CoNi2S4 heterostructure with reduced graphene oxide and carbon nanofiber synergistic optimization for hybrid supercapacitor

Sulfur@N/P dual-doped porous carbon nanofibers as the cathode for potassium-sulfur batteries

Constructing of phosphorus-doped NiCo2S4 nanoarrays on activated silkworm cocoon-based electrospun carbon nanofibers as efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction

Development of Novel Capacitive Deionization Electrode Materials Utilizing Graphene Oxide and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Additives Embedded in Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers

Functionalized carbon nanofibers as efficient scaffolds in self-assembled MnO2-Mn2O3 composites for high-efficiency PEC water splitting for H2 production