The Role of sGC-cGMP-PKG Signaling Pathway-Mediated Excitotoxicity in Delayed Encephalopathy After Carbon Monoxide Poisoning.

Maternal ambient air pollution exposure and live birth defects: A maternal-child health cohort in Shanghai, 2015–2020

• Real-LIFE test protocol for log wood stoves developed considering all phases. • Validation with two log wood stoves performed using the Real-LIFE test protocol. • Good repeatability of emissions while applying the new test protocol achieved. • Challenging to get comparable results from four laboratories using new protocol. • Study emphasizes the importance of measuring different combustion conditions. The use of log wood stoves is common in residential homes and are tested in a type test procedure following EN 16510-1:2022 at optimal combustion condition. Since this does not represent real-life operation, a novel test protocol was developed and validated using two different log wood stoves. The new test protocol includes the ignition phase (two batches) at natural draught, followed by three batches at nominal load, two batches at partial load and one final batch at overload. Typical emission parameters such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO X ), organic gaseous carbon (OGC) emissions were recorded as well as TPM emissions in the hot undiluted flue gas. This study shows that it is challenging to get similar emission results for the same stove in different laboratories even when using the same fuel and well-defined test protocol, differences in results are due to measurement uncertainty, differences in appliance operations and not following exactly the defined Real-LIFE test protocol. Coefficients of variation for TPM, CO, OGC and NO X were 17.8 %, 20.1 %, 30.6 % and 8.7 %, respectively for stove A and 32.7 %, 13.9 %, 19.6 % and 10.0 %, respectively for stove B based on two to three repetitions per lab. The novel test protocol showed that combustion appliances may behave differently in different combustion phases, and this emphasizes the importance of measuring different combustion conditions in official testing to ensure that the appliances work properly in the field and that the measured emissions cover the whole operating range.

A model study of sulfur mass-independent fractionation formation produced in a chamber photochemical experiment under reducing conditions

Machine learning-based prediction of diesel engine performance fuelled with waste cooking oil biodiesel blends

Neglected roles of self-confined trace elements in biowaste-derived carbon in Fenton-like oxidation

Flame-retardant and electromagnetic-interference-shielding silver nanowire/silicon dioxide/aramid nanofiber/sodium alginate lightweight porous composite for wearable sensors.

Radiocarbon activity of gases in urban surface air in Bratislava, Slovakia.

Associations of MRI indirect derived glymphatic system impairment with acute carbon monoxide poisoning and delayed neurological sequelae.

High-temperature CO₂ electrolysis in solid oxide electrochemical cells offers one of the most efficient routes for carbon dioxide conversion, enabling the production of highly pure carbon monoxide due to favorable thermodynamics and fast kinetics above 600 °C. The emergence of CO:CO 2 reversible solid oxide cells (rSOCs) further enhances system efficiency promoting integration with CO₂-rich and CO-rich industrial exhaust streams. However, reversible operation imposes stringent requirements on electrode materials, which must combine high catalytic activity, redox stability, and long-term durability under a wide range of oxygen partial pressures. Herein, we report a doubly B-site–substituted perovskite, La₀.₆Sr₀.₄Fe₀.₆Mn₀.₂M₀.₂O₃ −δ (M = Cu, Ni), as a multifunctional electrode platform for rSOCs. Both La₀.₆Sr₀.₄Fe₀.₆Mn₀.₂Cu₀.₂O₃ −δ (LSFMC) and La₀.₆Sr₀.₄Fe₀.₆Mn₀.₂Ni₀.₂O₃ −δ (LSFMN) are synthesized as single-phase perovskites, with rhombohedral symmetry ( R-3c ). When evaluated as oxygen electrodes in symmetric cell configurations, LSFMC and LSFMN exhibit significantly enhanced oxygen electrocatalysis, achieving an area-specific resistance decrease by 51% and 38%, respectively, compared to the unsubstituted material. Under reducing conditions, LSFMN undergoes controlled and homogeneous exsolution of Fe Ni nanoparticles, generating catalytically active metallic domains while preserving structural integrity. A quasi-symmetric electrolyte-supported cell based on La₀.₈Sr₀.₂Ga₀.₈Mg₀.₂O₃ −δ (LSGM) electrolyte, employing LSFMN as fuel electrode and LSFMC as air electrode, demonstrates excellent performance and durability in both CO-fuelled solid oxide fuel cell mode and CO₂ electrolysis mode. Stable and reversible operation is maintained for over 150 h in a 50:50 CO:CO 2 mixture. Targeted B-site substitution of Mn-stabilized ferrites enables the design of high-performance, cobalt-free and reversible electrodes, offering a promising strategy for next-generation rSOCs. • La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Fe 0.6 Mn 0.2 Ni 0.2 O 3-δ and La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Fe 0.6 Mn 0.2 Cu 0.2 O 3-δ are successfully synthesized as electrodes for r-SOCs; • 20 mol% Cu-substitution results in remarkably low air electrode resistance for a Co-free perovskite; • 20 mol% Ni-substitution promotes highly-active and uniform Fe Ni nanoparticles exsolution; • Quasi-symmetric cell with LSFMC at the air side and LSFMN at the fuel sideshows reversible stability up to 150 h in CO:CO 2 at 850 °C; • Post-mortem SEM analysis shows the stability of exsolved nanoparticles after long-term operation;

Peridiaphragmatic inflammation and fibrosis in myositis associated interstitial lung disease; a case series.

Air pollution refers to the release of pollutants into the air—pollutants which are harmful to human health and the planet as a whole, such as Carbon Monoxide(CO), Methane, Nitrous Oxide, Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Fluorinated gases(F-gases), which as a whole affect the climatic changes. As the issue becomes more dominant, it is constantly required to monitor these harmful gases and take necessary actions to eradicate this issue. This system presents the idea of detecting harmful gases in the environment and providing the data to an administrator. The main aim of this system is to achieve pollutant monitoring using wireless sensors connected to the Internet, which send the measurements to a centralised server. Low-power sensors are used to detect the parameters and interact with the microcontroller to process the data. The ultimate goal of this system is to detect harmful gases and monitor the conditions. In this paper, we aim to build a system that can fetch the values of harmful pollutants present in that location and raise an alarm whenever the levels are breached, so that we can effectively monitor the changes and take necessary actions to normalise the pollutant levels

Developing cost-effective bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts with synergistically high activity and stability is critical for rechargeable zinc-air batteries (ZABs). Herein, a Nd-based multitransition metal (Fe/Co/Ni/Mn/Cr) oxide/nitrogen-doped carbon composite is designed via a precipitation-melamine-assisted calcination strategy integrating a crystalline Nd2O3 framework, electroactive NdNiO3/NiCrO4 phases, and a conductive N-doped carbon network. It exhibits outstanding electrocatalytic performance: an oxygen reduction reaction half-wave potential of 0.781 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)), an oxygen evolution reaction overpotential of 1.552 V (vs. RHE) at 10 mA·cm-2 and a narrow potential gap (ΔE) of 0.771 V. The assembled ZABs deliver an open-circuit voltage of ~1.50 V, a peak power density of ~76.5 mW·cm-2, a specific capacity of ~711 mAh·g-1 and exceptional cycling stability over 780 h (~2340 cycles). Postcycling characterization (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy) reveals good structural integrity with only minor particle fusion and carbon oxidation, corroborating the stability observed in electrochemical tests. The synergistic interplay among components optimizes intermediate adsorption and electron transfer, while degradation is attributed to a mixed 2e-/4e- ORR pathway, active phase agglomeration, and carbon support oxidation. This work not only provides a promising nonprecious metal catalyst for advanced ZABs cathodes but also offers deep insights into the structure-activity-stability relationships governing bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis.

Abstract Returning plant residue to farmland maintains or enhances the fertility and the investigation of how residue management strategies affect soil organic carbon (SOC) and labile organic carbon (LOC) fractions is crucial for addressing concerns related to agricultural sustainability. However, knowledge gaps remain about how these C fractions change in deep soil (>40 cm) under different strategies. A 10‐year field experiment (2012–2021) in Northeast China compared three strategies: residue covered on the surface (RC), residue incorporated into 0–20 cm soil (RI), and residue removed (CK). In 2021, the vertical distribution (0–90 cm) of SOC and five LOC fractions (microbial biomass carbon [MBC], dissolved organic carbon [DOC], particulate organic carbon [POC], easily oxidizable carbon [EOC], and light fraction organic carbon [LFOC]) was analyzed. The results showed that SOC and LOC fractions generally decreased with increasing soil depth, except for the RI treatment in the 0–20 cm layer. The largest treatment differences occurred in the 0–5 cm layer, where RC had significantly higher SOC and LOC concentrations than RI. LOC fractions exhibited similar sensitivity trends in RC (14.82%–105.48%) and RI (13.39%–58.54%) relative to CK. RI resulted in the highest SOC and LOC contents in the 5–20 cm layer, while RC exceeded RI and CK below 20 cm. Below 40 cm, the highest SOC content was mostly observed in RC, but no significant differences among the three treatments were detected in the 20–40 cm layer. POC proportions in the 0–90 cm profile ranged from 30.06% to 5.34% (RC), 26.60% to 4.76% (RI), and 21.75% to 4.78% (CK). Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis revealed that SOC changes were primarily driven by POC, EOC, and LFOC, while MBC and DOC played a secondary role due to their high lability. This study highlights that overlooking deep subsoil carbon dynamics masks key opportunities for SOC sequestration and may lead to incomplete conclusions about the impact of residue management on long‐term carbon storage in Mollisols of Northeast China.

Traditional statistical models often struggle to accurately predict global burden of respiratory diseases due to the complex and interdependent nature of environmental variables. To address these challenges, this study aims to develop and evaluate machine learning models for respiratory disease prediction from 1999 to 2015 in Penang, Malaysia. The dataset on respiratory disease cases was obtained from the Health Informatics Centre, Ministry of Health Malaysia, while environmental data were sourced from the Department of Environment Malaysia. We considered ten predictors for analysis, consisting of air pollution factors such as carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3) and particulate matter with a diameter of 10µm or less (PM10), and climatic variables such as maximum daily temperature (MAXT), minimum daily temperature (MINT), rainfall (R), wind speed (WS) and relative humidity (RH) to identify their influence on respiratory disease. For the prediction models, we implement three main machine learning methods: Decision Tree, Random Forest, and XGBoost. To enhance model performance, we incorporated wrapper methods such as forward selection, stepwise selection, and genetic algorithm in selecting the most relevant features, especially the complexity of environmental data. The model performance was evaluated using RMSE, MAE and NAE in a partitioned with 80/20 percent split. The results showed that the RF model with a genetic algorithm performs better in respiratory disease prediction, achieving RMSE, MAE, and NAE values of 8.4281, 6.6154 and 0.2369, respectively with PM10, SO2, CO, O3, MINT, R, and WS as important features. The SHAP interpretability analysis identified that SO2 is the most influential factor affecting respiratory disease cases, followed by CO, MINT, CO, MINT, PM10, WS, O3 and R.

Abstract Air pollution and climate change are two significant concerns threatening sustainable human development. Tracking and mapping atmospheric pollutants and greenhouse gases are essential to managing these issues. Due to its extensive spatio-temporal coverage, satellite remote sensing is indispensable in Earth observation systems to provide measurements of atmospheric chemical species. Since 2008, China has been gathering global atmospheric chemical composition data from space on a daily basis, and the Fengyun satellite series provide the nation’s longest record of ozone and aerosol monitoring. The Medium Resolution Spectral Imager (MERSI) onboard the Fengyun 3 (FY-3) series and the advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager (AGRI) aboard the Fengyun 4 (FY-4) series satellites monitor aerosols in sun-synchronous and geosynchronous orbit, respectively. The Total Ozone Unit (TOU) and the Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Sounder (SBUS) are China’s first instruments to measure global total ozone columns and vertical profiles. The Ozone Monitoring Suite-Nadir (OMS-N) is the successor to the TOU, monitoring ozone and trace gases like nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) in the UV-Visible spectrum. The OMS-Limb (OMS-L) provides the capability to obtain stratospheric profiles of ozone and other species. In the infrared wavelength range, the Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder (HIRAS) retrieves vertical information for ozone as well as other trace gases, including carbon monoxide (CO) and ammonia (NH 3 ). For NH 3 and CO, HIRAS in low Earth orbit maps their global distribution, and the Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) in geostationary orbit tracks their temporal variation over East Asia. The Greenhouse-gases Absorption Spectrometer (GAS) onboard FY-3D and FY-3H is designed to detect the greenhouse gases carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ).

ABSTRACT The development of cost‐effective and eco‐compatible nonnoble metal oxide catalysts for large‐scale propene production via nonoxidative propane dehydrogenation (PDH) is a key topic of current research in heterogeneous catalysis. Cobalt‐based catalysts show remarkable catalytic performance and are promising alternatives to industrially established platinum‐ or chromium oxide‐based catalyst systems. The formation of coke deposits under the reaction conditions has a significant influence on their performance. Time‐resolved operando Raman spectroscopic experiments have been performed during the PDH reaction using a catalyst system containing 3‐wt.% Co on silicalite‐1 as a support (3Co/S‐1) to elucidate the role of carbon‐containing species. Three stages during the PDH process were identified. During the initial 5 min on propane stream, propane is preferentially oxidized to carbon oxides and water. This indicates the removal of lattice oxygen from Co 3 O 4 , whereby this species is reduced to metallic cobalt (Co 0 ). With increasing time on propane stream, the formation of C 1 –C 2 hydrocarbons was observed, pointing to the occurrence of cracking and deep dehydrogenation reactions of propane. Subsequently, intense G and D bands appeared in the Raman spectrum due to the formation of carbon deposits. Simultaneously, there was a substantial enhancement in propene formation, which indicates that carbon‐containing species are necessary for the selective dehydrogenation of propane to propene. The catalyst showed high activity and durable operation in a series of seven dehydrogenation/reoxidation cycles under relevant conditions. The induction period observed for the fresh catalyst was shortened for the catalyst system in course of the PDH/reoxidation cycles.

Carbon monoxide (CO) evolves from photochemical or thermal reactions in the ocean. It is estimated that 90% of oceanic CO is consumed by CO-oxidizing prokaryotes, which convert CO to carbon dioxide using molybdenum-containing CO dehydrogenase (Mo-CODH). Investigation of form I cox, which encodes Mo-CODH, has revealed that oceanic prokaryotes with form I cox (potential cox-containing CO oxidizers: pcox-CO oxidizers) belong to eight phyla and occupy 10%-20% of prokaryotes. However, previous studies may have overestimated their diversity due to the use of less stringent criteria, and their ecology remains poorly understood. In this study, we characterized pcox-CO oxidizers by identifying form I cox from prokaryotic genomes reconstructed from the ocean. We used criteria that considered the phylogeny of Cox, their active site motifs, and the operon structure of cox. As a result, 233 species from nine phyla, which included 207 species unknown to be pcox-CO oxidizers, were found. We investigated the biogeography of each species and found 34 species that dominate in particular oceanic regions. Among the 34 species, 11 co-occurred with either of 20 prokaryotic species, and the co-occurring partners varied among species. No functional genes except those related to CO oxidation were shared between the 11 species, which implied the absence of common molecular basis that underlies ecological interaction between pcox-CO oxidizers and other prokaryotes. Finally, we performed absolute quantification of four species of pcox-CO oxidizers that were predicted to be dominant in Osaka Bay, Japan. It showed that pcox-CO oxidizers occupied over 8.49% of the bacterial community.IMPORTANCEThe ocean is a source of carbon monoxide (CO), an indirect greenhouse gas that supports the accumulation of methane and the production of a precursor of tropospheric ozone. The primary sink of CO in the ocean is prokaryotic CO oxidizers which possess molybdenum-containing CO dehydrogenase (Mo-CODH). Understanding CO flux therefore requires ecological characterization of prokaryotes carrying cox, which encode Mo-CODH. We provide a comprehensive, well-curated catalog of such prokaryotes (potential cox-containing CO oxidizers: pcox-CO oxidizers) in the ocean that not only revealed their diversity but also enabled species-specific ecological assessments. Co-occurrence analyses and genomic analysis of pcox-CO oxidizers uncovered substantial variation in their co-occurring prokaryotic partners and functional gene repertoires. The lack of shared co-occurrence and conserved genes suggests that CO oxidation via Mo-CODH does not mediate ecological interactions. These findings provide a foundation for future studies of pcox-CO oxidizers and offer new insight into ecological roles of CO oxidizers.

Supercapacitors have emerged as promising energy storage devices due to their high power density, rapid charge–discharge capability, and long cycle life. Among various electrode materials, carbon-based materials and metal oxides have gained significant attention for their complementary electrochemical properties. Carbon materials, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and activated carbon, provide excellent electrical conductivity, large surface area, and stability, while metal oxides, including manganese dioxide, Co3O4, nickel oxide, and ruthenium oxide, offer high pseudocapacitance through redox reactions. The combination of these materials in hybrid electrode structures enhances energy density, rate capability, and overall electrochemical performance. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in carbon/metal oxide composite electrodes for supercapacitors, focusing on synthesis methods, structural optimization, charge storage mechanisms, and electrochemical performance. In addition, challenges such as material stability, scalability, and cost-effectiveness are discussed, along with potential strategies for future improvements. The integration of nanostructured carbon-metal oxide hybrids presents a viable approach for developing next-generation supercapacitors with enhanced energy storage capabilities for various applications, including portable electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems.

Carbon Monoxide Contamination Associated with Field Use of Internal Combustion Sources.