Carbon Dioxide Gas Research Articles

The Effectiveness of Climanopoly Game-Based Learning Media to Improving Knowledge of Climate Change in the Aged 5-6 Years in Semesta Kindergarten Semarang

This study aims to study and analyze the effectiveness of using climanopoly media (Climate Monopoly) in improving knowledge of climate change in children aged 5-6. The background of this study is the lack of understanding of climate change in children aged 5-6 years at Semesta Semarang Kindergarten and the location of Semesta Semarang Kindergarten is close to the toll road area so a lot of carbon dioxide gas (

Navigating Sustainable Development Goals: Driving Progress for Sustainable Future and Climate Resilience

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) serve as a global imperative, uniting efforts to preserve the environment and economic stability. However, global disparities persist in terms of progress towards the SDGs, with some regions making significant strides in the environment and economy while others may face obstacles. These issues necessitate sustained focus and the application of innovative approaches for resolution. This research, therefore, explores trends and challenges across four economic development categories, ranging from high-income to low-income, in their quest to achieve the SDGs. Employing econometric regression, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and the fuzzy graph technique, this research analyses eight pivotal variables, namely poverty, unemployment, literacy among youth, undernourishment, food insecurity, electricity availability, carbon dioxide (CO2) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This investigation seeks to unveil the pivotal determinants and causal factors impacting a nation’s progress in achieving SDGs by utilising empirical data spanning the years 1998 to 2021 from 215 nations worldwide. The findings reveal that high-income and upper-middle-income economies face issues related to CO2 and GHG emissions, respectively. Meanwhile, lower-middle and low-income economies struggle with unemployment and food insecurity, respectively. This research provides valuable insights for decision-makers and policymakers to identify the important areas in addressing goal development disparities and emphasises the role of tailored policies and global collaboration in advancing sustainable development. Additionally, the nation can develop an effective mitigation plan, particularly on climate resilience, since it has been a concerning issue among the income economies and requires constructive resources and support.

Carbon Capture Storage System on the Ship

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is one of the global warming mitigation technology systems by reducing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. This system is a series of implementations of processes that are related to each other, starting from the separation and capture of CO2 from the source of exhaust emissions (flue gas), transportation of captured CO2 to storage (transportation), and storage to a safe place (storage). If these emissions are released in large quantities, it will certainly cause various problems such as Global Warming. In the maritime transportation sector, one of the emissions that is widely produced by ships is exhaust gas from the ship's main engine when operating which is released into the atmosphere through the Funnel (chimney). One method that can be done is to separate carbon dioxide gas (CO2) contained in the exhaust gas with Membrane Technology placed on the Funnel. Technical analyzes is done by testing the vessel model then the results are developed with naval theories. This article will discuss how to filter carbon dioxide gas and membrane technology that can be used on ships.

Diel Bacterioplankton Community Dynamics Under Contrasting Light Regimes.

In the Boreal region, extreme seasonal variations in day-night length expose communities to dynamic light and temperature fluctuations. Freshwater bacterioplankton, representing key ecosystem components, faces climate-driven shifts; yet the fixed day-length patterns determined by latitude underscore the importance of studying light's role in predicting ecosystem responses. We investigated bacterial community composition in a brown peat bog and a clear oligotrophic lake across seasons with contrasting light regimes: the summer solstice (> 20 h of daylight) and the autumn equinox (equal day-night length). Using amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA transcripts, alongside measurements of physicochemical parameters, organic matter characterisation and dissolved carbon dioxide and methane gas measurements, we found no diel cycling in the lake during either period or in the peat bog near the summer solstice. However, the structure of bacterial peat bog communities exhibited cyclic changes over diel cycles at the autumn equinox. Twelve amplicon sequence variants, including both phototrophicand heterotrophic taxa, increased in abundance at all measured morning sampling times. These findings provide valuable insights into the diel patterns of boreal lentic habitats and their bacterioplankton communities, highlighting the absence of diel fluctuations in some systems and seasons, while revealing cyclic dynamics in others, driven by conditionally rare taxa.

Detection of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide gases using quartz crystal microbalance coated with a graphitic carbon nitride film

Abstract Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), a semiconducting material with a layered structure, has recently attracted attention as a gas sensing material because of its ability to adsorb various gas molecules. In this study, a g-C3N4 film was applied to a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) to detect carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) gases. The resonant frequency of the g-C3N4 film-coated quartz crystal changed with CO and CO2 gas introduction, and the frequency change increased linearly with gas concentration, suggesting quantitative detection is possible. In addition, the different rate constants for CO and CO2 gas introduction and ejection processes suggest that the g-C3N4-coated QCM electrode can identify gas molecular species based on their response rates. These results are expected to be useful for developing CO and CO2 gas sensors.

Photocatalytic gaseous carbon dioxide reduction for valuable fuel production

Photocatalytic gaseous carbon dioxide reduction for valuable fuel production

Impact of Yeast Types on Quality Characteristics and Storage Stability of Industrial Kefir.

Kefir is a fermented dairy product that contains many types of lactic acid bacteria and different types of yeast. Yeasts in kefir culture are important in creating the unique properties of kefir. When yeasts are not included in kefir production, the unique properties of kefir do not emerge. In this study, the effects of various yeast microorganisms that can cause negative effects, such as swelling and deformation, in industrial kefir production on product quality characteristics were investigated. For this purpose, a commercial yeast-free kefir culture was supplemented with selected yeasts: Kluyveromyces marxianus (KM), Debaryomyces hansenii (DH), Kluyveromyces lactis (KL), Saccharomyces boulardii (SB), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), Candida colliculosa (CC), Yarrowia lipolytica (YL), and Geotrichum candidum (GC) used in kefir production. Some physicochemical, rheological, microbiological, and sensory properties of the kefirs were examined during 28 days of storage. As a result of the research, the highest hardness and viscosity values (131.00 ± 1.41 g-1236.50 ± 47.38 cp) were observed in kefirs containing G. candidum, while the highest CO2 amount (151.40 ± 1.07 mg/100 mL) was determined in kefirs containing S. cerevisiae (p < 0.05). While serum separation was not determined in any sample, the highest water holding capacity (58.00% ± 00%) was determined in kefirs containing Y. lipolytica. In terms of sensory evaluation, kefir enriched with C. colliculosa received the highest overall acceptance. In general, the use of different yeast types in kefir production is of great importance, especially in terms of gas-carbon dioxide (CO2) formation and product quality.

Differentiation of Arabica Coffee from Several Regions and Roasting Condition by Detecting Released Gases using Electronic Food Nose

This study was aimed to identify the differentiation of Arabica coffee from West Java, East Java, West Nusa Tenggara and Bali using an electronic food nose. The analysis was conducted based on variations in temperature and roasting time to evaluate the effect of these parameters on coffee aroma characteristics. This research used an electronic nose device to detect volatile compounds quickly and accurately. The electronic nose was equipped with MQ-3, MQ-8, MQ-135, and MQ-136 sensors, able to detect alcohol, hexane, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide gas. Arabica coffee from various parts of Indonesia was roasted on three levels (light, medium, and dark). The results showed that variations in roasting temperature (220, 230, and 240 °C) and time (10, 13, and 17 min) significantly affected the volatile compounds’ profile. The temperature and roasting time correlated proportionally to the hexane gas, CO2 , and alcohol produced. Conversely, the lower the temperature and the faster the roasting process, the higher H2S gas was produced. Based on this, using an electronic nose effectively distinguishes the aroma characteristics of coffee based on differences in temperature and roasting time. This research contributes to helping improve the quality of Indonesian arabica coffee by understanding how temperature variation and roasting time length can be used to optimize the coffee production process and improve the coffee quality produced.

Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Air: Sampling, Determination, Sources, Health Risk, and Regulatory Insights.

Indoor air pollution is a serious public health issue caused by the accumulation of numerous toxic contaminants within enclosed spaces. Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), biological contaminants (mould, bacteria, and allergies), inorganic gases (carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide), and a variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are examples of common indoor air pollutants. VOCs are one of the chief indoor contaminants, and their effects on human health have made indoor air quality a serious concern. Indoor VOC concentrations are frequently higher than outdoor levels, according to studies, which raises the danger of exposure, particularly for young people and those with respiratory disorders. VOCs originate from both biogenic and anthropogenic sources, and they can create secondary pollutants like ozone and aerosols, which can lead to cardiovascular and pulmonary problems. Prolonged exposure to VOCs has been associated with respiratory irritation, neurological effects, and an increased risk of chronic diseases. This review examines the primary sources, sampling and analysis approach, and health impact of VOCs in indoor air. Additionally, we compared worldwide regulatory guidelines for VOC exposure limits, emphasizing the need for strict exposure limits to protect human health.

Enhancement of CO2 absorption/desorption efficiencies of aqueous methyl-diethanol amine (MDEA) via compounding with sulfolane and graphitic carbon nitrides (CNNs)

ABSTRACT The absorption/desorption of carbon dioxide gas was studied in an aqueous solution of 40 wt.% MDEA, a 40/40 wt.% MDEA/sulfolane mixture, and 40/40/0.1 wt.% MDEA/sulfolane/CNNs that is a mixture of physical absorbent, chemical absorbent, and a nano-structure material, which is known as composite solutions. A higher absorption capacity is observed for the aqueous MDEA solution (2.23 mol.kg−1) compared to the composite solution (2.05 mol.kg−1) except in high pressures, in which the composite solution (3.7 mol.kg−1) represented a capacity close to that of the aqueous MDEA solution (3.62 mol.kg−1). The MDEA/sulfolane compound solution exhibited a higher recovery efficiency of 97% compared to 89% for the aqueous solution. The addition of the 0.1 wt.% cheap and easily synthesized CNNs nanoparticles to the MDEA/sulfolane compound solution increased the absorption capacity to 3.8 mol.kg−1 and the recovery efficiency to 99.3% at the pressure of 800 kPa and 30°C.

Dynamics of glia and neurons regulate homeostatic rest, sleep and feeding behavior in Drosophila.

Homeostatic processes, including sleep, are critical for brain function. Here we identify astrocyte-like glia (or astrocytes, AL) and ensheathing glia (EG), the two major classes of glia that arborize inside the brain, as brain-wide, locally acting homeostats for the short, naturally occurring rest and sleep bouts of Drosophila, and show that a subset of neurons in the fan-shaped body encodes feeding homeostasis. We show that the metabolic gas carbon dioxide, changes in pH and behavioral activity all induce long-lasting calcium responses in EG and AL, and that calcium levels in both glia types show circadian modulation. The homeostatic dynamics of these glia can be modeled based on behavior. Additionally, local optogenetic activation of AL or EG is sufficient to induce rest. Together, these results suggest that glial calcium levels are homeostatic controllers of metabolic activity, thus establishing a link between metabolism, rest and sleep.

Measurement report: Greenhouse gas profiles and age of air from the 2021 HEMERA-TWIN balloon launch

Abstract. Within the HEMERA balloon infrastructure project, a stratospheric balloon carrying a multi-instrument payload to a maximum altitude of 31.2 km was launched on 12 August 2021. On board the openly constructed gondola, several types of instruments were used for simultaneous air sampling and in-flight measurements to characterize climate-relevant trace gases in the stratosphere and troposphere, as well as to compare and evaluate different instrumental approaches and sampling techniques. For observations of the main greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), flask with AirCore sampling and in-flight spectrometry were deployed. Overall, results from different methods agree well. While better precision was achieved for the post-flight measurements of AirCore devices and flask sampling, in situ spectrometry provided a higher degree of detail on the vertical structure of the CH4 profile. Age of air was derived from mixing ratios of CO2 and SF6. As seen in previous studies, higher values were obtained from SF6 than from CO2. Correcting for chemical losses, maximum values of 4.4–5.1 years were derived from SF6 mixing ratios at altitudes above 20 km compared to 4.2–5.0 years from CO2 mixing ratios. The resulting dataset should be well suited for multi-tracer approaches to derive age of air, particularly in combination with a large suite of halocarbons measured from flask and AirCore sampling and one more AirCore sample which was reported in a companion publication (Laube et al., 2025).

Experimental Investigation on RO Waste Water in Concrete

As a sustainable approach this project is conducted to investigate the possibility of RO waste water in concrete, concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world. Production of Portland cement used in concrete produces 2.5 billion tonne’s of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases worldwide. Furthermore, one of the sectors that uses the most water is the concrete industry. It is estimated that 150 litres of water are needed. for per cubic meter of concrete mix. Demand of fresh water by the construction sector is expected to increase due to high increase in the growth of construction activities in India. Without taking into account the additional uses of water in the concrete industry, water is a serious environmental problem, and water availability and quality are getting worse globally. The present study focusses on making concrete by including waste water from reverse osmosis into the mixing and curing process. Four mix amounts of different materials make up the experimental technique in water cement ratios. Fresh concrete is tested for workability. Cubes were casted and tested to find out compressive capacity of concrete. Test results of potable water concrete and RO waste water concrete will be compared.

Characterization of Multi-Pass Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Gaseous Measurement

With the rise in global temperatures, it is of great significance to achieve rapid and accurate detection of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane. Raman spectroscopy not only overcomes the weakness of absorption spectroscopy in simultaneously measuring homonuclear diatomic molecules but also enables the simultaneous detection of multiple gases using a single-wavelength laser. However, due to the small Raman scattering cross-section and weak intensity of molecules, its application in gas detection is limited. To enhance the intensity of Raman scattering, this paper designs and constructs a multi-pass enhanced Raman spectroscopy setup. This study focuses on the effects of Raman scattering collection geometry, laser multi-pass patterns, and laser polarization relative to the Raman collection direction on signal intensity. Investigations into Raman scattering collection angles of 30°, 60°, and 90° reveal that the Raman scattering signal intensity increases as the collection angle decreases. Different laser multi-pass patterns also impact the signal, with the near-concentric linear multi-pass pattern found to collect more signals. To minimize the influence of excitation light on the signal, a side collection system is employed. Experiments show that the Raman scattering signal is stronger when the laser polarization is perpendicular to the collection direction. This study achieves overall system performance enhancement through coordinated optimization of multiple physical mechanisms, including Raman scattering collection geometry, laser multi-pass patterns, and laser polarization characteristics. The optimized setup was employed to characterize the laser power dependence for nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide detection. The results showed that the Raman scattering intensity varied linearly with the laser power of the gases, with linear fitting goodness R2 values of 0.9902, 0.9848, and 0.9969, respectively. Finally, by configuring different concentrations of carbon dioxide gas using nitrogen, it was found that the Raman scattering intensity varied linearly with the concentration of carbon dioxide, with a linear fitting goodness R2 of 0.9812. The system achieves a CO2 detection limit of 500 ppm at 200 s integration time, meeting the requirements for greenhouse gas emission monitoring applications.

Finite element simulation of natural gas pipelines in service welding repair

Abstract This paper mainly studies the welding of annular fillet weld using carbon dioxide gas shielded welding and interrupted pulsed arc welding (IPAW) method, using ABAQUS finite element technology to simulate the in-service welding process of X80 pipeline, and comparatively analyze the carbon dioxide gas shielded welding and IPAW of the priming layer, the overall weld temperature field and the distribution of stress field. The distribution patterns of the priming layer, overall welding temperature field and stress field of carbon dioxide gas shielded welding and IPAW were comparatively analyzed. The results indicate that, in addition to the conventional carbon dioxide gas shielded welding method, improved pulse arc welding (IPAW) is also suitable for welding repair. IPAW can significantly mitigate the adverse effects on the base material during welding. It demonstrates superior performance in controlling thermal effects and stress concentration within the weld zone, resulting in a smaller heat-affected zone compared to that produced by carbon dioxide gas shielded welding, thereby effectively reducing overall residual stress. Through finite element simulation, it is possible to replicate in-service welding conditions, optimize welding process parameters, control heat input, monitor welding residual stress, and provide data-driven support for actual repair welding, ultimately enhancing repair quality.

Minimally Invasive Surgery: The Development of Surgical Endoscopy in Iraq

Laparoscopic intervention in the abdomen, or even the kidney, ureter, uterus, or knee. This procedure reduces risks, improves recovery, and speeds up the recovery process after surgery, allowing patients to return to normal activity and function normally. In Iraq, laparoscopy is performed in government or private hospitals using laparoscopic towers. These towers consist of a screen, a CCU, a light source, and a camera connected to a processor and a lens specific to the type of surgery being performed. There are lenses for general surgery, urology, gynecology, and others, along with precise surgical instruments inserted into the abdomen through special incisions, or with a lens in the case of urological surgery. Laparoscopic surgery in Iraq involves the surgeon using a 30-degree lens and inserting three incisions: one for injecting carbon dioxide gas, another for the lens, and a third for the instruments (the gas is injected to expand the space in which he is working and obtain a clear image). Staining applications, or the use of indocyanine green (ICG), have recently been introduced into laparoscopy, significantly improving the image, especially when dealing with cancerous tumors. Areas like hernia repair proved early how standardizing minimally invasive approaches lowers costs compared to traditional open surgery through reduced time off work and quicker recovery. This allows minimally invasive options to benefit more individuals, whether for acute conditions or managing chronic illnesses preferring ambulatory treatments. In the latter context, researchers explore applications improving preventative and longitudinal care delivery. Examples include natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgeries performing operations via the mouth or vagina, minimizing visible scarring. Other concepts envision performing future colonoscopies with swallowable robotic capsules transmitting live mucosal imagery, reducing invasiveness. Beyond singular innovations, collaborations accelerate progress.

Review of modification methods for carbon dioxide separation membrane materials

ABSTRACT The escalating standard of living has been accompanied by consequences that have severely impacted the Earth's living environment. The release of substantial quantities of carbon dioxide gas has resulted in a significant rise in the level of this gas in the atmosphere, thereby exacerbating the global greenhouse effect. The issue of controlling and reducing carbon dioxide emissions has emerged as a critical concern for the world’s population. The utilisation of clean and renewable energy sources is widely acknowledged as the preferred solution to address the problem. However, it is also imperative to focus on the development of gas separation membranes with high permeability and separation capabilities as they represent a significant area of research that ould contribute to resolving this issue. The achievement of desired effects in gas separation membranes is challenging when using a single structure and material. Therefore, in order to obtain high-performance membranes, it is necessary to overlay the structure and performance of multiple materials to leverage their respective advantages. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the existing literature on gas separation membranes, focusing on the preparation and modification techniques employed in their development. The aim of the review is to establish a solid foundation for future research endeavours aimed at enhancing the performance of gas separation membranes.

Study on Influence of Various Factors on the Properties of Geopolymer Concrete Produced from Industrial By-Products

Large amounts of carbon dioxide and other gases are produced during the Portland cement manufacturing process. When these gases are released into the atmosphere, pollution results, which leads to environmental deterioration. For environmental sustainability, it is crucial to find a viable alternative solution to lessen the environmental damage caused by the usage of Portland cement. Conversely, fly ash, a waste product of coal-based thermal power plants, is widely accessible but presents disposal challenges. Using a cementitious substance like fly ash instead of Portland cement in concrete has advantages for the environment. In order to create geopolymer concrete, a new sustainable concrete, all of the cement is replaced with fly ash that has been treated and chemically activated using alkaline solutions containing sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3). This thesis examines how the compressive strength of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete is affected by a number of variables, including the ratio of alkaline liquid to fly ash, the molarity of NaOH, the curing temperature, and the curing hours. The foundational ingredient for creating geopolymer concrete is fly ash, which is activated by an alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. The present investigation employed the following test variables: the molarities of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 12M, 4M, 16M, and 18M; the ratio of NaOH to sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) 2.5; and the alkaline liquid to fly ash ratios of 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, and 0.50. It is also absorbed that compressive strength is remarkably affected by the curing hours and curing temperature. When curing temperature is increases, the compressive strength is also increases and it requires less curing period to gain the higher strength. Key Words: Fly ash, geopolymer concrete, alkaline liquid, density, compressive strength.

Alternative technology towards clean and sustainable industry: Conversion of carbon dioxide gas into potassium carbonate

Alternative technology towards clean and sustainable industry: Conversion of carbon dioxide gas into potassium carbonate

A compact non-dispersive infrared carbon dioxide gas sensor with high precision and large detection range

A compact non-dispersive infrared carbon dioxide gas sensor with high precision and large detection range