Carbon Capture And Storage Deployment Research Articles (Page 1)

As part of the Net-Zero Industry Act and Industrial Carbon Management Strategy, the European Union (EU) has positioned carbon capture and storage (CCS) as a critical decarbonization technology. These developments build on the European Green Deal's (EGD) integrated approach to climate policy, which seeks to balance decarbonization with broader societal goals. Previous research confirms CCS's technical feasibility but reveals the potential to exacerbate fossil fuel-era inequities. This study took a two-step approach to systematically analyze how EU policy addresses equity challenges across CCS's full value chain. First, a systematic literature review was conducted to identify the main equity concerns with CCS deployment: health risks, storage access inequity, and socioeconomic equity. Second, the EU's CCS policy framework was thematically analyzed in relation to these three equity concerns to explore whether and to what extent they are addressed by and in policy. The findings reveal tensions between the EU's market-oriented CCS approach and its normative equity commitments.

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is increasingly recognized as a vital technology for mitigating carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by capturing CO2 and storing it deep underground, thereby preventing its release into the atmosphere. Effective deployment of CCS projects requires the optimal matching of CO2 emission sources with storage sinks, as well as efficient routing through onshore and offshore transportation networks. This research focuses specifically on truck-based transportation, a practical and flexible delivery mode given the current infrastructure conditions in Thailand. The optimization problem is formulated as a Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP), aiming to minimize total travel distance while meeting CO2 transportation capacity constraints. Due to the NP-hard nature of the problem, traditional optimization techniques often encounter limitations. To address this, a constrained K-means clustering algorithm is first applied to perform source–sink matching, grouping CO2 emission sources based on proximity and capacity compatibility with designated storage sinks, i.e., the Lampang, Nong Bua, Suphanburi, and Kra basins. The clustering process incorporates two key constraints to ensure feasibility and efficiency. Subsequently, the Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm (AHA), inspired by the foraging behavior of hummingbirds, is applied for route optimization. AHA is particularly effective for complex optimization problems due to its strong global search capabilities. The model is applied to a case study in Thailand, taking into account the country’s unique geographical and infrastructural features. The objective function aims to minimize travel distance, thereby improving both the cost-effectiveness and environmental sustainability of CCS deployment. Results demonstrate that AHA significantly outperforms Dijkstra’s and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms, achieving approximately a 13% reduction in travel distance and a 15% decrease in the number of vehicles required within the Suphanburi Cluster. These findings provide valuable insights for enhancing CCS implementation in Thailand and other regions with similar characteristics.

The rising level of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is a major driver of climate change, highlighting the need to develop carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies quickly. This paper offers a comparative review of three main groups of porous adsorbent materials—zeolites, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), and activated carbons—for their roles in CO2 capture and long-term storage. By examining their structural features, adsorption capacities, moisture stability, and economic viability, the strengths and weaknesses of each material are assessed. Additionally, five different methods for delivering these materials into depleted oil and gas reservoirs are discussed: direct suspension injection, polymer-assisted transport, foam-assisted delivery, encapsulation with controlled release, and preformed particle gels. The potential of hybrid systems, such as MOF–carbon composites and polymer-functionalized materials, is also examined for improved selectivity and durability in underground environments. This research aims to connect materials science with subsurface engineering, helping guide the selection and use of adsorbent materials in real-world CCS applications. The findings support the optimization of CCS deployment and contribute to broader climate change efforts and the goal of achieving net-zero emissions. Key findings include CO2 adsorption capacities of 3.5–8.0 mmol/g and surface areas up to 7000 m2/g, with MOFs demonstrating the highest uptake and activated carbons offering cost-effective performance.

As global climate change becomes more and more severe, carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is widely regarded as one of the key pathways to achieve carbon neutrality. However, despite the theoretical potential of CCS technology to reduce emissions, its widespread deployment progresses slower than expected. This review deeply discusses the current situation, challenges, and future development countermeasures of each link of the CCS technology chain. The analysis indicates that there is a significant gap in the maturity of each link in the CCS technology chain. For example, the carbon capture technology is relatively advanced, while the verification of the storage link is relatively lagging, which seriously restricts the widespread deployment of CCS technology. To solve the above problems, this review proposes to establish a CCS deployment framework guided by the technology-scenario matching decision model. At the same time, a phased implementation path is proposed: in the near term (2025-2035), cluster-based deployment reduces unit costs, and in the long term, the synergy of the technology chain will be optimized with the help of artificial intelligence. In addition, the paper highlights the importance of strengthening technology research and development, policy support, and increasing public participation.

Offshore carbon capture and storage (CCS) deployment has been hailed as a game changer in the ever-changing climate game in the era of Paris Agreement. In the European Union (EU), rigorous regulation within a legal framework governs cross-border offshore CCS projects, while China adopts a flexible policy-oriented approach. This article employs a multi-method research approach, combining legal doctrinal analysis, comparative studies, and discourse analysis, to examine the role of governance tools in offshore CCS deployment in the EU and China, highlighting their differing models and the implications for effective governance. The discrepancies in governance models for offshore CCS deployment between the EU and China arise from variations in legal traditions, disparities in the legal status of marine areas hosting offshore CCS projects, and differences in involved industries. The paradox between normative governance and offshore CCS deployment finds resonance and explanation in the “Collingridge Dilemma”. Experiences from both the EU and China underscore the significance of a tailored-made and well-balanced governance portfolio of legal and policy tools in regulating and facilitating offshore CCS deployment. Policy and law should act hands in hands as twin engines in a sound governance framework propelling the momentum of offshore CCS deployment forward.

The accelerating impacts of climate change have heightened global interest in technologies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions from high-emission sectors such as agriculture and agri-processing. The palm oil sector is notably both a significant emitter and a promising avenue for decarbonization efforts, particularly through the integration of bioenergy systems and carbon capture technologies. This study aims to explore the current state of technological development in carbon capture and storage (CCS) and bioenergy applications within the palm oil industry and to identify the major challenges and opportunities that shape their implementation between 2021 and 2025. This investigation employs a qualitative design through the SLR method, structured in accordance with the PRISMA framework for transparency and rigor in literature synthesis. Data were collected from the ScienceDirect database using a refined combination of Boolean search terms. A total of 1,088 articles were initially identified and screened through a multistage filtration process that included relevance checks, publication period constraints, research article type, and open-access availability. This process resulted in 36 articles that met all inclusion criteria and were analyzed further. Data were synthesized through thematic analysis to classify technological pathways, assess implementation trends, and evaluate technical, economic, and policy-related barriers. Findings reveal that while bioenergy from palm oil residues is widely adopted, CCS deployment remains minimal due to cost, infrastructure, and regulatory limitations. The study concludes that targeted policy support and innovation are essential to scaling up carbon management in this sector. Future research should prioritize pilot demonstrations and interdisciplinary assessments of CCS integration feasibility.

Presented on 27 May 2025: Session 1 Carbon capture and storage (CCS) project proponents within Australia lie principally within the gas processing/liquefied natural gas (LNG) sector, which has the capability, capacity and motivation to drive CCS forwards. However, the lack of existing government support and incentives for CCS nationally, combined with its high cost, means that Australia’s CCS project rollout is lagging. This paper articulates a project-centric roadmap for the deployment of CCS in Australia. Our key premise is that foundational, gas processing/LNG-based CCS projects are critical to securing the decarbonisation of the wider manufacturing economy, especially within the hard-to-abate sectors. The proposed roadmap involves the following four steps: (1) west coast and South Australian natural gas processing/LNG leads the (project) way and provides the foundational projects around which multi-sector CCS hubs, which combine large storage volumes with low storage costs, begin to emerge; (2) the use of CCS in the hard-to-abate sector evolves progressively around the developing hubs; (3) CCS hubs and the hard-to-abate storage sector expand as transboundary CO2 importation ramps up; and (4) production of carbon-negative fuels for transport, agriculture and power become key industrial components within the CCS industrial hubs. Without a range of geographically spread, large, foundational CCS projects, the hard-to-abate sector will struggle to ever decarbonise effectively, and the proposed importation of CO2 into Australia will remain largely unrealised. A national and supportive approach to CCS is needed urgently so that a diverse range of foundational projects are rolled out, to facilitate the stabilisation and subsequent growth of the hard-to-abate sectors. To access the Oral Presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here

Maritime carbon dioxide (CO2) transport plays a pivotal role in facilitating carbon capture and storage (CCS) systems by connecting emission sources with appropriate storage sites. This process often incurs significant transportation costs, which must be carefully balanced against penalties for untransported CO2 resulting from cost-driven decisions. This study addresses the CO2 storage site location and transport assignment (CSSL-TA) problem, aiming to minimize total tactical costs, including storage site construction, ship chartering, transportation, and penalties for direct CO2 emissions. We formulate the problem as a mixed-integer programming (MIP) model and demonstrate that the objective function exhibits submodularity, reflecting diminishing returns in facility investment and ship operations. A case study demonstrates the model’s effectiveness and practical value, revealing that optimal storage siting, strategic ship chartering, route allocation, and efficient transportation significantly reduce both transportation costs and emissions. To enhance practical applicability, a two-stage planning framework is proposed, where the first stage selects storage sites, and the second employs a genetic algorithm (GA) for transport assignment. The GA-based solution achieves a total cost only 2.4% higher than the exact MIP model while reducing computational time by 57.9%. This study provides a practical framework for maritime CO2 transport planning, contributing to cost-effective and sustainable CCS deployment.

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) project proponents within Australia lie principally within the gas processing/liquefied natural gas (LNG) sector, which has the capability, capacity and motivation to drive CCS forwards. However, the lack of existing government support and incentives for CCS nationally, combined with its high cost, means that Australia’s CCS project rollout is lagging. This paper articulates a project-centric roadmap for the deployment of CCS in Australia. Our key premise is that foundational, gas processing/LNG-based CCS projects are critical to securing the decarbonisation of the wider manufacturing economy, especially within the hard-to-abate sectors. The proposed roadmap involves the following four steps: (1) west coast and South Australian natural gas processing/LNG leads the (project) way and provides the foundational projects around which multi-sector CCS hubs, which combine large storage volumes with low storage costs, begin to emerge; (2) the use of CCS in the hard-to-abate sector evolves progressively around the developing hubs; (3) CCS hubs and the hard-to-abate storage sector expand as transboundary CO2 importation ramps up; and (4) production of carbon-negative fuels for transport, agriculture and power become key industrial components within the CCS industrial hubs. Without a range of geographically spread, large, foundational CCS projects, the hard-to-abate sector will struggle to ever decarbonise effectively, and the proposed importation of CO2 into Australia will remain largely unrealised. A national and supportive approach to CCS is needed urgently so that a diverse range of foundational projects are rolled out, to facilitate the stabilisation and subsequent growth of the hard-to-abate sectors.

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has substantial potential for deep decarbonization of the steel sector. However, long-term transformations within this sector lead to significant changes in steel units, posing challenges for CCS deployment. Here, we integrate sector-level transformation pathways by 2060 to simulate the distribution of China’s steel units and generate optimal CCS deployment schemes using a source-sink matching model. Results indicate that CCS accounts for 31.4-40.7% of carbon mitigation effects in China’s steel sector by 2060. Following the sector-level pathways, over 650 steel units will either be eliminated or retrofitted. The optimal CCS deployment schemes can achieve carbon mitigation effects of 472.4-609.6 Mt at levelized costs of 187.4-193.5 Chinese Yuan t−1 CO2, demonstrating cost-effectiveness under future carbon price levels. Nevertheless, the proposed schemes will lead to energy and water consumption of 951.0-1427.3 PJ and 1.60-1.69 million m3, respectively, posing a risk of resource scarcity. These insights inform the development of CCS implementation strategies in China’s steel sector and beyond, promoting deep decarbonization throughout society.

This article analyzes the regulatory landscape for carbon capture and storage (CCS) in the United States, focusing on incentives introduced through the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) and Section 45Q tax credits. This focus does not overlook other key related legislation. It does, however, underpin the core thrust of this article that while several federal policies offer significant financial support for and incentives to accelerate CCS deployment, the very multiplicity and fragmentation of these regulations and policies across federal and state levels poses barriers to scalable adoption. Additionally, CCS faces competition from other clean energy technologies, which are also incentivized under the IRA, potentially diverting resources and focus. Through a comprehensive policy review, this study identifies regulatory conflicts and financial disincentives that hinder CCS’s potential. It argues that, despite federal support, the absence of cohesive, standardized regulations continues to significantly limit CCS’s emission reduction capabilities, especially in industries where decarbonization is inherently difficult. The findings underscore the importance of harmonizing CCS regulations to streamline permitting processes and address jurisdictional inconsistencies. By aligning federal and state policies, policymakers can better support CCS in achieving the U.S.’s climate goals, particularly for industries with limited alternatives for emission reduction.

Unleashing tomorrow’s potential: A comprehensive exploration of risks in carbon capture and storage

Abstract The climate math is clear: carbon capture and storage (CCUS) is an essential climate mitigation technology, without which achieving net‐zero emission targets will be virtually impossible. This requires periodic assessment and continuous improvement of the technology from various perspectives. This short review highlights the current state of CCUS deployment, recent achievements, and associated challenges. CCUS project pipeline is at an all‐time high in terms of both the number of facilities and carbon dioxide capture capacity. Currently, 47 operational CCUS projects have an annual CO2 capture capacity of 50.5 Mt CO2/year. The total project pipeline capacity is expected to reach 600 Mt CO2/year. The natural gas sector is the major contributor, accounting for more than 65% of the total carbon capture capacity. While significant progress is made in recent years, particularly in North America and Europe, CCUS deployment faces several significant challenges that are multifaceted, encompassing technical, economic, regulatory, and social dimensions. Policymakers, industry leaders, investors, and the general public are increasingly feeling the urgency to address climate change, accelerating many mitigation efforts, including CCUS deployment, in leading regions globally. However, to meet climate change mitigation targets, global investment in CCUS deployment must grow even faster this decade.

ABSTRACT Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is considered by some to be a critical climate change mitigation technology, and a key element in efforts to limit the global temperature increases in line with the goals of the Paris Agreement. Implementation of CCS in mitigation scenarios assumes that it provides cost-effective emission reductions, and/or can achieve negative emissions when combined with bioenergy. We conduct a comparative case study of Brazil and Norway, two countries that are leading efforts to accelerate the development and deployment of CCS, to assess how these countries justify their CCS policy choices with respect to equity concerns. The findings show that the current design of CCS mitigation technologies can lead to unjust outcomes, and fossil fuel lock-in. Nevertheless, CCS has uses that go beyond fossil fuel infrastructure, which can improve its climate change mitigation potential.

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), along with Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS), feature heavily in climate mitigation scenarios. Nevertheless, the technologies remain controversial within the broader mitigation discourse, in part for their potential to excuse delay in more ambitious emissions reductions in the short term. Sweden has included BECCS and CCS as proposed “supplementary measures” to enable the country to meet its ambitious target of achieving net negative emissions by 2045. Hajer’s Argumentative Approach to Discourse Analysis is applied to Swedish parliamentary speeches, motions, and written questions and answers, to uncover the storylines and attendant assumptions constituting Swedish policy deliberation regarding CCS and BECCS. This study finds that by problematizing climate change as an issue of emissions, actors position CCS and BECCS within a dominant neoliberal discourse and characterize them as tools to facilitate a green transition centering on industrial and economic competitiveness. This discourse lacks detail, and risks delay by oversimplifying the needs and requirements for CCS and BECCS deployment. Meanwhile, a CCS-critical discourse acknowledges the need for negative emissions but challenges storylines portraying the technology as inexpensive or easy to deploy rapidly. If pursued, this discourse could serve to sharpen the debate about the technologies and bring planning in line with aspirations, helping to avert risks of delay.

Optimizing large-scale CO2 pipeline networks using a geospatial splitting approach

Decarbonization pathways for Korea's industrial sector towards its 2050 carbon neutrality goal

Assessing carbon capture and storage technology in industrial joint venture

Abstract Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a technology that contributes toward a reduction in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from large point sources. It has been proven to be a crucial technology to decarbonise ASEAN’s hard-to-abate industry sector. ASEAN countries are a concentrated cluster, contributing to significant emissions, and provides the potential for suitable geological storage for CCS according to current studies. This paper discusses the impact of carbon pricing on the CCS development in ASEAN countries, through studying factors that enable or disable successful CCS projects. Causal Loop Diagram (CLD), as a part of system dynamics, was employed as an analytical tool to identify and visualize the key variables, system’s structure, the network of existing carbon pricing mechanisms and other financing instruments needed in CCS deployment. The results of this study indicate that strong public and private finance, the development of carbon markets, and carbon pricing policies are the key enablers for CCS projects in ASEAN. Carbon pricing should be viewed as an effective catalyst that helps the growth of CCS with the right policies in place, government and regulatory support, and market forces.

Limiting global warming to a 2 °C rise may require large-scale deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS). Due to the key role CCS plays in integrated assessment models of climate change mitigation, it is important that fundamental physical constraints are accounted for. We produce a global estimate of CO2 storage resource that accounts for pressure-limits within basin-scale reservoir systems. We use a dynamic physics model of reservoir pressurisation that is sufficiently simple to be incorporated into energy systems models. Our estimates address regionally inconsistent methodologies and the general lack of consideration for pressure limitations in global storage resource estimates. We estimate a maximum pressure-limited resource base and explore scenarios with different injection patterns, and scenarios where the extent of CCS deployment is limited by the history of regional hydrocarbon exploration and the readiness of countries for deployment. The maximum pressure-limited global storage achievable after thirty years of injection is 3640GtCO2 (121GtCO2yr-1), increasing to 5630GtCO2 (70 GtCO2yr-1) at the end of the century. These represent an update to volumetric-based estimates that suggest in excess of 10,000Gt of storage resource available. When CCS deployment is limited to the top ten countries ranked by the GCCSI Storage Readiness Index, our maximum storage estimate decreases to 780GtCO2 (26GtCO2yr-1) at the mid-century and 1177GtCO2 (15GtCO2yr-1) at the end of the century. These latter results fall within the range of projected deployment by the IPCC and IEA and suggest that reservoir pressurisation will limit CCS deployment if development does not rapidly expand beyond the current implementation.