Carbohydrate Supplementation Research Articles

The Effects Of Pre-exercise Protein Vs. Carbohydrate Consumption On Energy Expenditure After High-volume Resistance Exercise

During the recovery period following a bout of resistance exercise, oxygen consumption remains elevated for a variable timeframe, reflecting an acute enhancement in resting energy expenditure. What remains uncertain is whether pre-exercise nutrient consumption further promotes these acute metabolic responses to a bout of resistance exercise and if the type of nutrient influences these effects. PURPOSE: Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine, in college-age, resistance trained male subjects, the extent by which pre-exercise supplementation of whey protein or carbohydrate modulates metabolic and substrate oxidation rates following a bout of high-volume, total body resistance exercise. METHODS: In a randomized, placebo controlled, cross-over study, healthy, resistance trained male (n=10) subjects initially underwent baseline testing for resting energy expenditure and maximum strength. Subjects were familiarized with the resistance exercise protocol during the subsequent visit. Afterwards, across 3 separate subsequent visits, subjects consumed whey protein (PRO), carbohydrate (CHO), or no nutrients (CON) prior to a bout of high-volume resistance exercise. After exercise, subjects were tested for energy expenditure (EE), oxygen consumption (VO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and heart rate (HR). RESULTS: PRO (+23.5%; p=0.003), CHO (+12.8%; p=0.001), and CON (+9.5%; p=0.005) increased EE from resting baseline with concomitant changes to VO2, RER, and HR. PRO (p=0.019) and CHO (p=0.003) demonstrated equivalently greater post-exercise EE than CON. Post-exercise VO2 was significantly greater in PRO vs. CON (p=0.034) while CHO did not differ from PRO or CON. CONCLUSION: Overall, nutrient consumption prior to resistance exercise may augment the post-exercise elevation in EE. Consumption of whey protein pre-exercise may enhance excess post-resistance exercise oxygen consumption (i.e EPOC) to a greater extent than carbohydrate intake.

No Impact of Carbohydrate Supplementation and Altitude Acclimatization on Aerobic Exercise Performance

No Impact of Carbohydrate Supplementation and Altitude Acclimatization on Aerobic Exercise Performance

Metabolic Responses to Weight Lifting

Metabolic Responses to Weight Lifting

Skeletal Muscle myomiR Are Differentially Expressed by Endurance Exercise Mode and Combined Essential Amino Acid and Carbohydrate Supplementation

Skeletal muscle microRNAs (myomiR) expression is modulated by exercise, however, the influence of endurance exercise mode, combined with essential amino acid and carbohydrate (EAA+CHO) supplementation are not well defined. This study determined the effects of weighted versus non-weighted endurance exercise, with or without EAA+CHO ingestion on myomiR expression and their association with muscle protein synthesis (MPS). Twenty five adults performed 90 min of metabolically-matched (2.2 VO2 L·m−1) load carriage (LC; performed on a treadmill wearing a vest equal to 30% of individual body mass) or cycle ergometry (CE) exercise, during which EAA+CHO (10 g EAA and 46 g CHO) or non-nutritive control (CON) drinks were consumed. Expression of myomiR (RT-qPCR) were determined at rest (PRE), immediately post-exercise (POST), and 3 h into recovery (REC). Muscle protein synthesis (2H5-phenylalanine) was measured during exercise and recovery. Relative to PRE, POST, and REC expression of miR-1-3p, miR-206, miR-208a-5, and miR-499 was lower (P < 0.05) for LC compared to CE, regardless of dietary treatment. Independent of exercise mode, miR-1-3p and miR-208a-5p expression were lower (P < 0.05) after ingesting EAA+CHO compared to CON. Expression of miR-206 was highest for CE-CON than any other treatment (exercise-by-drink, P < 0.05). Common targets of differing myomiR were identified as markers within mTORC1 signaling, and miR-206 and miR-499 were inversely associated with MPS rates immediately post-exercise. These findings suggest the alterations in myomiR expression between exercise mode and EAA+CHO intake may in part be due to differing MPS modulation immediately post-exercise.

Effects of carbohydrate and nitrogen supplementation on fermentation of cheatgrass () in a dual-flow continuous culture system.

Cheatgrass (CG; ), an introduced winter annual grass, is an aggressive invader of the sagebrush community in the Western United States. Because of its greater flammability, mature CG constitutes a fire hazard leading to repeated wildfires. One fuel-reduction strategy is livestock grazing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of urea, molasses, or a combination of urea and molasses supplementation of a CG-based diet on digestibility, microbial fermentation, bacterial protein synthesis, and nutrient flow using a dual-flow continuous culture system. Eight fermenters were used in a replicate 4 × 4 Latin square design with four 10-d experimental periods. Experimental treatments (DM basis) were 1) forage only (CON), 2) CG plus urea alone (URE; 1.36% urea), 3) CG plus molasses alone (MOL; 15.9% molasses), and 4) CG plus urea and molasses combined (URE+MOL; 1.28% urea plus 19.3% molasses). Each fermenter was fed 72 g/d of DM, and data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). The true digestibilities of NDF and ADF were not affected by diets ( > 0.05). Molasses-containing diets had greater true digestibility of OM ( = 0.02). However, true digestibility of CP was increased when molasses was fed alone ( < 0.01). Molasses-containing diets had lower pH ( < 0.01) and greater VFA concentrations ( < 0.01) compared to those of the other diets. The URE+MOL diet resulted in a greater VFA concentration ( < 0.01). Propionate concentration increased ( < 0.01), whereas acetate concentration decreased ( < 0.01) when molasses alone or in combination with urea was added to the diets. Supplying molasses alone resulted in greater ( = 0.03) total branched-chain VFA compared to the other diets. The concentration of NH-N and total N flow increased ( < 0.01) in response to urea supplementation and was greater ( < 0.01) when urea alone was supplemented in the diet. On the other hand, molasses-supplemented diets yielded more non-ammonia N ( < 0.01) and bacterial N ( = 0.04). Supplementation had no effect ( = 0.83) on bacterial efficiency. Results from this study indicate that the addition of urea and molasses in a CG-based diet could improve nutrient supply to animals, notably VFA supply and microbial N supply; however, in the levels tested in this study, it did not improve CG utilization as assessed by NDF digestion.

Micronutrient Fortified Carbohydrate Supplementation and Speed, Agility and Power in Indian Adolescent Athletes

The positive performance impact of exogenous carbohydrate intake on prolonged endurance is well established. The effect on shorter duration activities has been less documented, in particular with adolescents. In this randomized, cross over study, thirty adolescent athletes (24 male and 6 female; age: 13.5 ± 1.0 yrs; height: 161.4 ± 8.1cm; weight: 50.4 ± 9.3 kg) performed the same sequence of procedures; baseline assessments, a treatment drink before and after a 45 min intermittent exercise protocol followed by post-baseline assessments. Participants were randomised to one of three blinded treatment drinks; micronutrient fortified carbohydrate (CHO), calorie-matched control (PRO) or water (WAT). The assessments involved repeated sprint and repeated agility tests (6 repetitions; 65 sec. provided to complete the repetition and recover prior to the next effort) and a repeated Wingate anaerobic test (3 x 30 sec) on a cycle ergometer. The Fatigue Index (FI) was calculated from the sprint and agility results and Mean Power Output (MPO) from the repeated Wingate results. The difference between the baseline and post-baseline results was then calculated and CHO, PRO and WAT treatment groups compared using Analysis of variance (ANOVA). No significant differences were found between speed, agility and power change from baseline results when CHO, PRO and WAT treatment groups were compared (p ≥ 0.05). Supplementation with a micronutrient fortified carbohydrate beverage does not increase repeated speed, agility or power in Indian adolescent team sport athletes.

HMF and diastase activity in honeys: A fully validated approach and a chemometric analysis for identification of honey freshness and adulteration.

A fully validated approach for the determination of diastase activity and hydroxymethylfurfural content in honeys were presented in accordance with the official methods. Methods were performed in real honey sample analysis and due to the vast number of collected data sets reliable conclusions about the correlation between the composition and the quality criteria were exported. The limits of detection and quantification were calculated. Accuracy, precision and uncertainty were estimated for the first time in the kinetic and spectrometric techniques using the certified reference material and the determined values were in good accordance with the certified values. PCA and cluster analysis were performed in order to examine the correlation among the artificial feeding of honeybees with carbohydrate supplements and the chemical composition and properties of the honey. Diastase activity, sucrose content and hydroxymethylfurfural content were easily differentiated and these parameters were used for indication of the adulteration of the honey.

The efficacy of protein supplementation during recovery from muscle-damaging concurrent exercise.

This study investigated the effect of protein supplementation on recovery following muscle-damaging exercise, which was induced with a concurrent exercise design. Twenty-four well-trained male cyclists were randomised to 3 independent groups receiving 20 g protein hydrolysate, iso-caloric carbohydrate, or low-calorific placebo supplementation, per serve. Supplement serves were provided twice daily, from the onset of the muscle-damaging exercise, for a total of 4 days and in addition to a controlled diet (6 g·kg-1·day-1 carbohydrate, 1.2 g·kg-1·day-1 protein, remainder from fat). Following the concurrent exercise session at time-point 0 h, comprising a simulated high-intensity road cycling trial and 100 drop-jumps, recovery of outcome measures was assessed at 24, 48, and 72 h. The concurrent exercise protocol was deemed to have caused exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), owing to time effects (p < 0.001), confirming decrements in maximal voluntary contraction (peaking at 15% ± 10%) and countermovement jump performance (peaking at 8% ± 7%), along with increased muscle soreness, creatine kinase, and C-reactive protein concentrations. No group or interaction effects (p > 0.05) were observed for any of the outcome measures. The present results indicate that protein supplementation does not attenuate any of the indirect indices of EIMD imposed by concurrent exercise, when employing great rigour around the provision of a quality habitual diet and the provision of appropriate supplemental controls.

Reduction of total labor length through the addition of parenteral dextrose solution in induction of labor in nulliparous: results of DEXTRONS prospective randomized controlled trial

Prolonged labor is a significant cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and very few interventions are known to shorten labor course. Skeletal muscle physiology suggests that glucose supplementation might improve muscle performance in case of prolonged exercise and this situation is analogous to the gravid uterus during delivery. Therefore, it seemed imperative to evaluate the impact of adding carbohydrate supplements on the course of labor. We sought to provide evidence as to whether intravenous glucose supplementation during labor induction in nulliparous women can reduce total duration of active labor. We performed a single-center prospective double-blind randomized controlled trial comparing the use of parental intravenous dextrose 5% with normal saline to normal saline in induced nulliparous women. The study was conducted in a tertiary-level university hospital setting. Participants, caregivers, and those assessing the outcomes were blinded to group assignment. Inclusion criteria were singleton pregnancy at term with cephalic presentation and favorable cervix. Based on blocked randomization, patients were assigned to receive either 250mL/h of intravenous dextrose 5% with normal saline or 250 mL/h of normal saline for the whole duration of induction, labor, and delivery. The primary outcome studied was the total length of active labor. Secondary outcomes included duration of the active phase of second stage of labor, the mode of delivery, Apgar scores, and arterial cord pH. In all, 100 patients were randomized into each group. Atotal of 193 patients (96 in the dextrose with normal saline group and 97 in the normal saline group) were analyzed in the study. The median total duration of labor was significantly less in the dextrose with normal saline group (499 vs 423 minutes, P= .024) than in the normal saline group. The probabilities of a woman being delivered at 200 minutes and 450 minutes were 18.8% and 77.1% in the dextrose with normal saline group vs 8.2% and 59.8% in the normal saline group (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test P value= .027). There was no difference in the rate of cesarean delivery, instrumented delivery, Apgar score, or arterial cord pH. Glucose supplementation significantly reduces the total length of labor without increasing the rate of complication in induced nulliparous women. Given the low cost and the safety of this intervention, glucose should be used as the default solute during labor.

Nutritional supplement practices of professional Ugandan athletes: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe use of nutritional supplements (NS) places athletes at great risk for inadvertent doping. Due to the paucity of data on supplement use, this study aimed to determine the proportion of Ugandan athletes using nutritional supplements and to investigate the athletes’ motivation to use these supplements.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in which an interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 359 professional athletes participating in individual (boxing, cycling, athletics) and team (basketball, rugby, football, netball, and volleyball) sports. The data were categorized, and a Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.ResultsOf the 359 athletes, 48 (13.4%) used nutritional supplements. Carbohydrate supplements, energy drinks, vitamin and mineral supplements, fish oils, and protein supplements were the most common supplements used by athletes. NS use was significantly more common among athletes who played rugby and basketball (X2 = 61.101, p < 0.0001), athletes who had played the sport for 5-10 years (X2 = 7.460, p = 0.024), and athletes who had attained a tertiary education (X2 = 33.377, p < 0.0001). The athletes’ occupation had no bearing on whether they used supplements. Nutritionists/dieticians, retail stores and pharmacies were the most common sources of NS products, whereas health practitioners, online media and teammates were the most common sources of information regarding NS. Most athletes used NS to improve their physical performance and health.ConclusionsCompared to NS use by athletes elsewhere, NS use among Ugandan athletes was low. However, determinants of athlete NS use in the current study (category of sport and duration of time spent playing the sport) are similar to those reported elsewhere.

The effects of a post-exercise carbohydrate and protein supplement on repeat performance, serum chemistry, insulin and glucagon in competitive weight-pulling dogs.

The physiological demands of weight-pulling dogs have yet to be investigated. Two groups of competitive weight-pulling dogs both underwent two identical pull series 3h apart. The control group (n 8) was compared with a group fed a rapidly digestible carbohydrate and protein supplement after the first pull series (n 9). Blood was drawn before and after each pull series as well as at 15 and 30min after the first pull series finished. Biochemistry values remained unremarkable throughout the study in both groups regardless of supplementation or exercise over time. Lactic acid showed mild significant increases post-exercise (2·1 (sd 1·2) mmol/l) compared with baseline (1·4 (sd 0·3) mmol/l; P=0·03) after the initial pull series. When examining the effects of time there was a significant increase in insulin from baseline (median of 10·8 (range 6·8-17·4) μIU/ml) compared with 30min after supplementation (17·0 (range 8·1-33·0) μIU/ml) and at 3h after supplementation (19·2 (range 9·7-53·4) μIU/ml). In the treatment group there was also a time effect, with glucagon being elevated from baseline (median of 100 (range 79-115) pg/ml) compared with 30min after supplementation (114 (range 90-183) pg/ml) and after the second pull series (131 (range 107-152) pg/ml). Evaluation of each dog's ability to pull the same or greater amount of weight on the second pull series revealed no significant differences. In conclusion, weight-pulling dogs have mild elevations in lactate reflecting little anaerobic metabolism compared with other canine sprinting athletes; hormonal changes associated with carbohydrate absorption are reflected within the treatment group, and supplementation had no effect on performance.

A Low Dose Caffeine and Carbohydrate Supplement does not Improve Athletic Performance during Volleyball Competition

A Low Dose Caffeine and Carbohydrate Supplement does not Improve Athletic Performance during Volleyball Competition

競技パフォーマンスに及ぼす糖質制限の影響

Carbohydrate is a crucial energy fuel for exercise, and carbohydrate supplementation as peri-exercise has beneficial effects on exercise performance. However, recent studies have indicated the possibility that periodized carbohydrate restriction improves exercise performance. Carbohydrate restriction before exercise increases fatty-acid oxidation (FAO) and alternatively prevents carbohydrate consumption during exercise. This may contribute to the prevention of muscle glycogen depletion during endurance exercise competition. Additionally, acute and chronic studies have shown that peri-exercise carbohydrate restriction enhances molecular and functional adaptation related to FAO. Similarly, exercise training in a low-muscle glycogen state accompanied by carbohydrate restriction was reported to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and improve FAO capacity, aerobic capacity, and endurance performance in untrained and highly trained subjects. The potential mechanism of these metabolic adaptations may be related to elevated circulating fatty-acid and adrenaline concentration during exercise with carbohydrate restriction and/or a low-muscle glycogen state. In addition, a decrease in muscle glycogen content may trigger signaling pathways related to FAO and mitochondria biogenesis by activating proteins with a glycogen-binding domain. This article reviews the effects of exercise with carbohydrate restriction and/or low-muscle glycogen state on metabolic adaptation and exercise performance and describes the molecular mechanisms and availability.

Effects of carbohydrate and nitrogen supplementation on fermentation of cheatgrass ( ) in a dual-flow continuous culture system

Effects of carbohydrate and nitrogen supplementation on fermentation of cheatgrass ( ) in a dual-flow continuous culture system

The effect of combined supplementation of carbohydrates and creatine on anaerobic performance.

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of creatine (Cr) supplementation on anaerobic performance when ingesting creatine and carbohydrates (CHO) together. Twenty male physical education students comprised the two experimental (CR and CRCHO) and one control (CON) groups of the study. All groups performed three 30 s anaerobic Wingate tests (AWTs) interspersed with 6 minutes of recovery. The CR group (n = 7) ingested 5 g of Cr 5 times per day for 4 days. Subjects in the CRCHO group (n = 6) ingested the same quantity but additionally after each 5 g dose of Cr consumed 500 ml of a commercially available energy drink containing 100 g of simple sugars. Over all three AWTs average mean power improved significantly compared to baseline for the CR group (5.51%) but not for the CRCHO group (3.06%). Mean power for the second AWT was improved following the acute loading for the CR group only (4.54%) and for the third AWT for both CR (8.49%) and CRCHO (5.75%) groups. Over all three AWTs a significant change was recorded in average peak power following the acute loading for the CR group (8.26%) but not for the CRCHO group (4.11%). Peak power was significantly improved following the loading only for the CR group during the third AWT (19.79%). No changes in AWT performance were recorded for the CON group after intervention. The findings of the present study suggest that ingesting creatine together with carbohydrates will not further improve performance compared to the ingestion of creatine only.

Does Carbohydrate Intake During Endurance Running Improve Performance? A Critical Review.

Wilson, PB. Does carbohydrate intake during endurance running improve performance? A critical review. J Strength Cond Res 30(12): 3539-3559, 2016-Previous review articles assessing the effects of carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged exercise have not focused on running. Given the popularity of distance running and the widespread use of carbohydrate supplements, this article reviewed the evidence for carbohydrate ingestion during endurance running. The criteria for inclusion were (a) experimental studies reported in English language including a performance task, (b) moderate-to-high intensity exercise >60 minutes (intermittent excluded), and (c) carbohydrate ingestion (mouth rinsing excluded). Thirty studies were identified with 76 women and 505 men. Thirteen of the 17 studies comparing a carbohydrate beverage(s) with water or a placebo found a between-condition performance benefit with carbohydrate, although heterogeneity in protocols precludes clear generalizations about the expected effect sizes. Additional evidence suggests that (a) performance benefits are most likely to occur during events >2 hours, although several studies showed benefits for tasks lasting 90-120 minutes; (b) consuming carbohydrate beverages above ad libitum levels increases gastrointestinal discomfort without improving performance; (c) carbohydrate gels do not influence performance for events lasting 16-21 km; and (d) multiple saccharides may benefit events >2 hours if intake is ≥1.3 g·min Given that most participants were fasted young men, inferences regarding women, adolescents, older runners, and those competing in fed conditions are hampered. Future studies should address these limitations to further elucidate the role of carbohydrate ingestion during endurance running.

Does Oral Carbohydrate Supplementation Improve Labour Outcome? A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis

(BJOG 2016;123:510–517) Oral carbohydrate intake is known to improve outcomes in patients undergoing general surgery. It is also used by athletes to improve their performance. Labor also involves significant physical activity where pain and stress may have a doubling effect on basal metabolic rate. The practice of many anesthesiologists has been to withhold oral intake for women in labor due to concerns about gastric aspiration. However, in some countries oral intake of fluid and a light diet during labor are being allowed based on some recent research. Numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been performed over the years to assess if oral carbohydrate supplementation could have a positive impact on labor outcomes. This current systematic review attempted to determine this impact using an individual patient data meta-analysis.

Fiber Type-Specific Satellite Cell Content in Cyclists Following Heavy Training with Carbohydrate and Carbohydrate-Protein Supplementation.

The central purpose of this study was to evaluate the fiber type-specific satellite cell and myonuclear responses of endurance-trained cyclists to a block of intensified training, when supplementing with carbohydrate (CHO) vs. carbohydrate-protein (PRO). In a crossover design, endurance-trained cyclists (n = 8) performed two consecutive training periods, once supplementing with CHO (de facto “control” condition) and the other with PRO. Each training period consisted of 10 days of intensified cycle training (ICT–120% increase in average training duration) followed by 10 days of recovery (RVT–reduced volume training; 33% volume reduction vs. normal training). Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis before and after ICT and again following RVT. Immunofluorescent microscopy was used to quantify SCs (Pax7+), myonuclei (DAPI+), and myosin heavy chain I (MyHC I). Data are expressed as percent change ± 90% confidence limits. The 10-day block of ICTCHO increased MyHC I SC content (35 ± 28%) and myonuclear density (16 ± 6%), which remained elevated following RVTCHO (SC = 69 ± 50% vs. PRE; Nuclei = 17 ± 15% vs. PRE). MyHC II SC and myonuclei were not different following ICTCHO, but were higher following RVTCHO (SC = +33 ± 31% vs. PRE; Nuclei = 15 ± 14% vs. PRE), indicating a delayed response compared to MyHC I fibers. The MyHC I SC pool increased following ICTPRO (37 ± 37%), but without a concomitant increase in myonuclei. There were no changes in MyHC II SC or myonuclei following ICTPRO. Collectively, these trained endurance cyclists possessed a relatively large pool of SCs that facilitated rapid (MyHC I) and delayed (MyHC II) satellite cell proliferation and myonuclear accretion under carbohydrate conditions. The current findings strengthen the growing body of evidence demonstrating alterations in satellite cell number in the absence of hypertrophy. Satellite cell pool expansion is typically viewed as an advantageous response to exercise. However, when coupled with our previous report that PRO possibly enhanced whole muscle recovery and increased MyHC I and II fiber size, the limited satellite cell/myonuclear response observed with carbohydrate-protein seem to indicate that protein supplementation may have minimized the necessity for satellite cell involvement, thereby suggesting that protein may benefit skeletal muscle during periods of heavy training.

Carbohydrate Supplementation Influences Serum Cytokines after Exercise under Hypoxic Conditions.

Introduction: Exercise performed at the hypoxia equivalent of an altitude of 4200 m is associated with elevated inflammatory mediators and changes in the Th1/Th2 response. By contrast, supplementation with carbohydrates has an anti-inflammatory effect when exercise is performed under normoxic conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of carbohydrate supplementation on cytokines and cellular damage markers after exercise under hypoxic conditions at a simulated altitude of 4200 m. Methods: Seven adult male volunteers who exercised for 60 min at an intensity of 50% VO2Peak were randomly evaluated under three distinct conditions; normoxia, hypoxia and hypoxia + carbohydrate supplementation. Blood samples were collected at rest, at the end of exercise and after 60 min of recovery. To evaluate hypoxia + carbohydrate supplementation, volunteers received a solution of 6% carbohydrate (maltodextrin) or a placebo (strawberry-flavored Crystal Light®; Kraft Foods, Northfield, IL, USA) every 20 min during exercise and recovery. Statistical analyses comprised analysis of variance, with a one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, there was a significant increase in the concentration of IL-6 after exercise and after recovery compared to at rest (p < 0.05), while in the hypoxia + carbohydrate group, there was a significant increase in the concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α after exercise compared to at rest (p < 0.05). Furthermore, under this condition, TNF-α, IL-2 and the balance of IL-2/IL-4 were increased after recovery compared to at rest (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that carbohydrate supplementation modified the IL-6 and TNF-α serum concentrations and shifted the IL-2/IL-4 balance towards Th1 in response without glycemic, glutaminemia and cell damage effects.

Intra-operative administration of low-dose IV glucose attenuates post-operative insulin resistance.

Insulin sensitivity often decreases after surgery in spite of normal insulin secretion, and may worsen the outcome. This post-operative insulin resistance increases according to the magnitude of surgical invasion. However, supplementation of carbohydrates before surgery attenuates the post-operative insulin resistance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of intra-operative administration of low-dose glucose on the post-operative insulin resistance. Patients undergoing maxillofacial surgery were randomly assigned to two groups throughout the surgical procedure: The glucose group receiving acetated Ringer solution with 1.5% glucose and the control group receiving acetated Ringer solution without glucose. Insulin resistance quantified by the mean glucose infusion rate (the glucose infusion rate) was evaluated by glucose clamp using the STG-22TM instrument on the previous day and on the next day of surgery. Blood glucose level was monitored continuously during surgery. In addition, serum insulin, ketone bodies and 3-methylhistidine were measured during perioperative period. Patients in the glucose group (n=11) received 0.15 ± 0.06 g/kg/h of glucose during surgery, while patients in the control group (n=11) received no glucose. In both groups, however, the mean blood glucose levels were maintained stable at less than 150 mg/dL during and after surgery. The serum ketone bodies significantly increased after surgery in the control group (p=0.0035), while it decreased significantly in the glucose group (p=0.043). The reduction rate in the glucose infusion rate was significantly lower in the glucose group, 43.3 ± 20.7%, than that in the control group, 57.7 ± 9.3% (p=0.041). Intra-operative small-dose of glucose administration may suppress ketogenesis and attenuate the post-operative insulin resistance without causing hyperglycemia.