Carbazole Ring Research Articles

Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity with in silico ADMET Prediction, Molecular Docking and Dynamics Studies of Carbazole Ring Containing Thiazole Schiff Bases

AbstractTwelve thiazole hybrids (2 a–2 l) were synthesized in this study incorporating with Schiff base and carbazole scaffolds and characterized by spectral analyses. Antimicrobial activity and antioxidant potency were investigated by agar disc diffusion method and DPPH free radical scavenging assays where trimethyldihydrothiazole 2 c had revealed its higher efficacy in both biological studies. It had displayed IC50 of 25.55±0.40 μg/mL which is higher than the standard ascorbic acid (IC50=41.31±1.83 μg/mL) as well as dihydrothiazoylchromenone 2 e showed promising antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 40.82±0.54. The compound 2 c satisfied all the ADME properties and toxicological parameters with maximum drug score value (0.39) among all derivatives. Molecular docking was undertaken for higher bioactive compounds where 2 c revealed its wide range of interactions with different amino acid residues which was also endorsed with the output of molecular dynamics simulation.

One-Pot Synthesis of Dicarbazolyl(aryl)methanols Based on α-Keto Acids

AbstractIn this work, carbazoles, one of the most important types of nitrogenous compounds, were used as substrates to synthesize dicarbazolyl(aryl)methanols in moderate to excellent yields (up to 95%). This simple and efficient strategy can regioselectively form an sp3 quaternary carbon with two large sterically hindered carbazole rings, one benzene ring, and an active hydroxy group in a one-pot reaction. The resulting triarylmethanes are all new products, and have high potential as building blocks for medicinal chemistry or materials science.

Hexacarbazolylbenzene: An Excellent Host Molecule Causing Strong Guest Molecular Orientation and the High-Performance OLEDs.

Hexacarbazolylbenzene (6CzPh), which is benzene substituted by six carbazole rings, is a simple and attractive compound. Despite the success of a wide variety of carbazole derivatives in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), 6CzPh has not received attention so far. Here, excellent performances of 6CzPh are revealed as a host material in OLEDs regarding conventional host materials. Various strategies are implemented to improve the performance of OLEDs, e.g., triplet utilization by thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and phosphorescence emitters for maximizing internal quantum efficiency, and molecular orientation control for increasing outcoupling efficiency. The present host material is suited for both criteria. Robustness of the structure and sufficiently high triplet energy enables a high external quantum efficiency with a long device lifetime. Besides, the host material boosts the horizontal molecular orientations of several guest emitters. It is noteworthy that disk-shaped 4CzIPN marks the complete horizontal molecular orientations (Θh = 100%, S = -0.50). These results provide an effective way of improving efficiencies without sacrificing device durability for future OLEDs.

Boosting DSSC efficiency via acid-base co-sensitization with N-1 dye

This work presents a comprehensive investigation of a novel organic dye, N-1, as a sensitizer and co-sensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) co-sensitized with Ru (II)-based N3 and N719 metal dyes. These co-sensitizers contain a carbazole ring as a donor scaffold linked to an electron-withdrawing pyridyl acceptor. In this study, we demonstrate the significant impact of a base dye (N-1) containing a pyridine anchoring unit on the photovoltaic performance of the standard dyes N3 and N719. This strategy takes advantage of the capacity of the carboxylic and pyridine moieties to attach to the Brønsted-acidic and Lewis-acidic positions of TiO2 interfaces, thereby diminishing the competing adsorption of dyes and augmenting dye deposition on TiO2 surfaces. Consequently, this leads to a reduction in electron recombination and a boost in photovoltage. Additionally, the effect of sensitizer/co-sensitizer concentration on device performance was thoroughly examined. The results indicated that devices fabricated using the co-sensitizer N-1 with sensitizers N3 and N719 at all concentrations outperformed N3 and N719. Notably, the best photovoltaic performance was obtained for the co-sensitized device fabricated using 0.3 mM acid-base N-1 along with N3 sensitizer, displaying a power conversion efficiency of 10.18 % with a short-circuit current density of 19.12 mA.cm−2, open-circuit voltage of 750 mV, and fill factor of 71 %. These findings shed light on the development of new and efficient systems for DSSCs.

Donor–π–acceptor conjugated microporous polymers for photocatalytic organic conversion with photogenerated carrier separation ability by an embedded electric field along the molecular chain

Photogenerated electron-hole pairs in conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) recombine easily, thus donor-acceptor (D-A) structure was reported to promote the separation of photogenerated carriers, while the inevitable relationship behind them has not been established. Herein, a series of D–π–A type CMPs (Dz-B-CMP, Pz-B-CMP, and Py-B-CMP) were designed and constructed from carbazole (donor) and six-membered nitrogenous ring (acceptor). The photocatalytic performance of the prepared CMPs was evaluated in the reaction between o-phenylenediamine and benzaldehyde. Satisfactorily, Py-B-CMP exhibited the excellent photocatalytic activity with benzimidazole yield of 95.5%, and a wide range of substrate adaptability and outstanding recycling stability. Further theoretical calculations demonstrated that the excellent activity of Py-B-CMP was attributed to the built-in electric field along the molecular chain. This endowed Py-B-CMP with a powerful driving force for the separation and migration of photogenerated carriers, resulting in a remarkable photocatalytic performance. Additionally, a possible photocatalytic synthesis mechanism of benzimidazole was proposed.

9-Ethyl-6,6-dimethyl-8-[4-(morpholin-4-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-11-oxo-6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[b]carbazole-3-carbonitrile Hydrochloride

Alectinib hydrochloride is an anticancer medication used for the first-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Although it was approved for medical use ten years ago, and three polymorphs of this substance were proposed based on X-ray diffraction patterns, their crystal structures remained unknown to date. The main problem was the preparation of high quality single crystals due to the very low solubility of the salt. Herein, we report on the molecular and crystal structure of form I of alectinib hydrochloride as obtained using powder X-ray diffraction data from a laboratory source. Short Cl…N distances between the anion and the nitrogen atoms of the morpholine and benzo[b]carbazole rings indicate the positions of the H(N) atoms. As a result, the cation and anion form infinite Cl…H(N)-bonded chains.

Enrichment and distribution of 3,6-dichlorocarbazole in red crucian carp (Carassius auratus) and its hepatotoxicity

Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) are a class of organohalogen compounds where the hydrogen atom on the carbazole ring is replaced by a halogen atom. In recent years, PHCZs have drawn increasing concern due to their persistence, dioxin-like toxicity, bioaccumulation, potential ecological hazards and widespread occurrence in the environment. Current research on the enrichment and depuration of PHCZs in biological tissues and organs is insufficient, and the liver toxicity is unclear. Herein, to understand the enrichment and elimination of 3,6-DCCZ in fish tissues and organs as well as the hepatotoxicity, we exposed the red crucian carp to 20 and 100 μg/L of 3,6-DCCZ for 20 days followed by a depuration period of 10 days. The 3,6-DCCZ enrichment in each organ tissue was classified from high to low: brain > liver, intestine, gill > muscle. For depuration, 3,6-DCCZ was quickly excreted in the various organs of the red crucian carp; however, the liver depuration was slow, with the concentration of 3,6-DCCZ was maintained at 0.25–0.35 μg/g. 3,6-DCCZ exposure at both tested concentrations induced oxidative stress in red crucian carp, causing lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, as well as some histopathological changes in the liver, such as cell vacuolization, nucleus pyknosis, nucleus pleomorphism, no nucleus areas. Additionally, the 3,6-DCCZ exposure at higher concentration (100 μg/L) caused more serious damage and abnormal lipid metabolism in the red crucian carp liver.

Meso carbazole linked Bis-BODIPYs: Design, synthesis, structures and properties

In the present study, BODIPY 4 bearing carbazole ring system at meso position was successfully synthesized as a key building block by the acid-catalyzed condensation reaction of 6-bromo-9-ethyl-9H-carbazole-3-carbaldehyde 3 with 2,4-dimethylpyrrole in one step. The Suzuki and Stille coupling synthetic strategies were subsequently applied to the compound 4 for the construction of a new class of bis-BODIPYs 5 and 6 with extended π-conjugation by introducing phenyl and bithiophene as linkers between two N-ethylcarbazole units. The structures of novel compounds 4–6 were identified by mass, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy along with single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The photo-physical features of the targeted BODIPYs were investigated via absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies in solvents with different polarity. Photophysical studies reveal important transitions between carbazole and BODIPYs in solution state, which could be controlled by solvent polarity. Crystal geometry of the molecules and the optical band gaps were supported by DFT calculations. Electrochemical and in situ spectroelectrochemical properties of the synthesized compounds were also investigated to reveal electropolymerizable properties and electrochromic potentials of the targeted materials. The results suggested that the compounds 5 and 6 can be potentially used as useful materials in a range of electrochemical research areas.

Visible‐Light‐Driven Synthesis of Phenanthridin‐6(5H)‐one and N‐Substituted Carbazole Derivatives through Intramolecular C‐H Arylation

AbstractA visible‐light‐driven approach towards phenanthridin‐6(5H)‐one and carbazole rings synthesis under transition‐metal‐free conditions is here reported. Phenanthridinones and carbazoles are synthesized through an intramolecular arylation of the corresponding N‐(2‐halobenzyl)‐N‐methylanilines or N‐substituted‐N‐phenyl anilines using KOtBu as base in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at room temperature (rt), employing blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) as the light source. The reaction proceeds through photo‐ and base‐promoted homolytic aromatic substitution via photoinduced electron transfer mechanism and it exhibits good tolerance to different functional groups, resulting in good to very good yields (up to 86 %).

Repurposing anti-inflammatory drugs for fighting planktonic and biofilm growth. New carbazole derivatives based on the NSAID carprofen: synthesis, in silico and in vitro bioevaluation.

One of the promising leads for the rapid discovery of alternative antimicrobial agents is to repurpose other drugs, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) for fighting bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance. A series of new carbazole derivatives based on the readily available anti-inflammatory drug carprofen has been obtained by nitration, halogenation and N-alkylation of carprofen and its esters. The structures of these carbazole compounds were assigned by NMR and IR spectroscopy. Regioselective electrophilic substitution by nitration and halogenation at the carbazole ring was assigned from H NMR spectra. The single crystal X-ray structures of two representative derivatives obtained by dibromination of carprofen, were also determined. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured using the DPPH method. The antimicrobial activity assay was performed using quantitative methods, allowing establishment of the minimal inhibitory/bactericidal/biofilm eradication concentrations (MIC/MBC/MBEC) on Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) strains. Computational assays have been performed to assess the drug- and lead-likeness, pharmacokinetics (ADME-Tox) and pharmacogenomics profiles. The crystal X-ray structures of 3,8-dibromocarprofen and its methyl ester have revealed significant differences in their supramolecular assemblies. The most active antioxidant compound was 1i, bearing one chlorine and two bromine atoms, as well as the CO2Me group. Among the tested derivatives, 1h bearing one chlorine and two bromine atoms has exhibited the widest antibacterial spectrum and the most intensive inhibitory activity, especially against the Gram-positive strains, in planktonic and biofilm growth state. The compounds 1a (bearing one chlorine, one NO2 and one CO2Me group) and 1i (bearing one chlorine, two bromine atoms and a CO2Me group) exhibited the best antibiofilm activity in the case of the P. aeruginosa strain. Moreover, these compounds comply with the drug-likeness rules, have good oral bioavailability and are not carcinogenic or mutagenic. The results demonstrate that these new carbazole derivatives have a molecular profile which deserves to be explored further for the development of novel antibacterial and antibiofilm agents.

Optoelectronic properties of a new luminescent-synthesized organic material based on carbazole and thiophene rings for a new generation of OLEDs devices: experimental investigations and DFT modeling

Optoelectronic properties of a new luminescent-synthesized organic material based on carbazole and thiophene rings for a new generation of OLEDs devices: experimental investigations and DFT modeling

Experimental and Computational studies on Intramolecular charge transfer, Terahertz and Two photon absorption of 3-[(4-Nitrophenyl Azo)]-9H-Carbazole-9-Ethanol (NPACE) from their Vibrational spectra for Optical limiting and NLO applications

Non-linear optical (NLO) features of 3-[(4-Nitrophenyl Azo)]-9H-Carbazole-9-Ethanol (NPACE) chromophore were investigated by FT-IR, FT-Raman, and UV–visible spectra aided by Density Functional Theory (DFT) using the B3LYP/6–311++G(d,p) basis set of Gaussian 16 W package. It is observed from the DFT calculation that the slight increase in the endocyclic angle of C13 -C14 -C15 and the reduction in exocyclic angle of N40 –N39 -C14 and C15 -C14 –N39 ascertained by experimental XRD values indicating the intramolecular charge-transfer interaction between the carbazole and nitrophenyl group through the diazo bridge. The vibrational contribution to the linear electro-optic effect is 15% of the total hyperpolarizability being calculated at B3LYP/6–311++G (d, p) for the NPACE molecule. It is also observed that the 8a, 19a, and 19b modes of the carbazole ring and the 8a, 8b, and 19b modes of the phenyl ring are found to be simultaneously and intensely active in IR and Raman spectra explaining the charge transfer interactions throughout the molecule. The low value of the HOMO- LUMO energy gap (2.5843 eV) and the deviation between the measured absorption wavelength (3.36 eV) from the computed (3.87 eV), both these facts substantiate the intramolecular charge transfer. The polarizability and first-order hyperpolarizability were calculated as 6.48 × 10-24 and 3.8 × 10-29 esu, respectively. The second harmonic generation (SHG) measurement experiment of NPACE was carried out using the powder method. The SHG efficiency is measured in comparison with the urea standard. The calculated torsional mode at 20 cm−1 is in excellent quantitative agreement with the experimentally determined terahertz absorption peak. The two-photon absorption coefficient of NPACE was estimated to be 0.9 × 10-11 mW−1, which is mainly due to the D-π-A type of molecular structure, and the optical limiting threshold for NPACE was estimated to be 1.52 × 1013 Wm−2 enabling this material as a potential candidate for optical limiting applications.

Deep blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters based on methyl-modified acridin-9(10H)-one acceptor

Developing deep blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials with high efficiencies and good color purities is still a formidable challenge. Here, two novel deep blue TADF emitters, namely MePhCz-AD and MePhCz-AD-Py, were synthesized by incorporating two 3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazole donors onto the methyl-modified acridin-9(10H)-one (AD) acceptor, respectively. The high rigidity of AD acceptor effectively suppressed non-radiative transition and vibration relaxation of excited states, which is favorable for a good emitting quantum yield and narrow spectral width. The presence of methyl groups at 2,7-sites of AD ring slightly reduced the acceptor strength and contributed to the deep blue emission color. Incorporation of phenyls at 3,6-sites of carbazole ring delocalized the distribution of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), promoting the radiative decay process. As a result, these two emitters showed deep blue TADF with fast radiative decay rates kR > 107 s−1. In addition, with the introduction of pyridyl (Py) group at 10-site of AD ring instead of phenyl, both the spin-orbital coupling (SOC) constant between high-lying triplet states and the lowest singlet excited state (S1) and thus the reverse intersystem crossing rate constant (kRISC) were dramatically promoted for MePhCz-AD-Py. The organic light-emitting diode with MePhCz-AD-Py as doped emitter exhibited a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 15.4% with a relatively narrow FWHM of 60 nm and the deep-blue color coordinates of (0.15, 0.15).

Optimization of carbazole carboxamide RORγt agonists: Challenges in improving the metabolic stability and maintaining the agonistic activity.

Based on two previously discovered carbazole carboxamide retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-γt (RORγt) agonists 6 and 7 (t1/2=8.7min and 16.4min in mouse liver microsome, respectively), new carbazole carboxamides were designed and synthesized according to the molecular mechanism of action (MOA) and metabolic site analysis with the aim of identifying novel RORγt agonists with optimal pharmacological and metabolic profiles. By modifying the "agonist lock" touching substitutions on carbazole ring, introducing heteroatoms into different parts of the molecule and attaching a side chain to the sulfonyl benzyl moiety, several potent RORγt agonists were identified with greatly improved metabolic stability. Best overall properties were achieved in compound (R)-10f with high agonistic activities in RORγt dual FRET (EC50=15.6nM) and Gal4 reporter gene (EC50=141nM) assays and greatly improved metabolic stability (t1/2>145min) in mouse liver microsome. Besides, the binding modes of (R)-10f and (S)-10f in RORγt ligand binding domain (LBD) were also studied. Altogether, the optimization of carbazole carboxamides led to the discovery of (R)-10f as a potential small molecule therapeutics for cancer immunotherapy.

Production of Polyhalogenated Carbazoles in Marine Red Alga Corallina officinalis: A Possible Natural Source.

Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) have been increasingly detected in the environment as a result of anthropogenic and natural origin. However, it is unclear how PHCZs are naturally produced. In this study, the formation of PHCZs from bromoperoxidase (BPO)-mediated halogenation of carbazole was investigated. A total of six PHCZs were identified in reactions under different incubation conditions. The presence of Br- significantly influenced the formation of PHCZs. The products were first dominated by 3-bromocarbazole and then 3,6-dibromocarbazole as the reactions proceeded. Both bromo- and chlorocarbazoles were identified in the incubations with trace Br-, suggesting the co-occurrence of BPO-catalyzed bromination and chlorination. However, BPO-catalyzed chlorination of carbazole was much weaker than that of bromination. The formation of PHCZs could be attributable to the halogenation of carbazole by reactive halogen species generated from BPO-catalyzed oxidation of Br- and Cl- by H2O2. The halogenation was found to follow a successive substitution order of C-3, C-6, and C-1 on the carbazole ring, forming 3-, 3,6-, and 1,3,6-isomers. Similar to the incubation experiments, six PHCZs were for the first time detected in red algal samples collected from the South China Sea, China, suggesting the biogenesis of PHCZs in marine red algae. Given the widespread distribution of red algae in the marine environment, BPO-catalyzed halogenation of carbazole may be a natural origin for PHCZs.

Crystal structure of tert-butyl 3,6-di-iodo-carbazole-9-carboxyl-ate.

The mol-ecular structure of tert-butyl 3,6-di-iodo-carbazole-9-carboxyl-ate, C17H15I2NO2, features a nearly planar 13-membered carbazole ring with C-I bond lengths of 2.092 (4) and 2.104 (4) Å. The carbamate group has key bond lengths of 1.404 (6) Å (N-C), 1.330 (5) Å (O-C), and 1.201 (6) Å (C=O). The crystal contains inter-molecular π-π inter-actions, as well as both type I and type II inter-molecular I⋯I inter-actions.

Crystal structures of two new carbazole derivatives: ethyl 9-(benzenesulfonyl)-2-(4-fluoro-2-nitrophenyl)-6-methoxy-9H-carbazole-3-carboxylate and 12-(benzenesulfonyl)-12H-quinolino[4,3-b]carbazole

The title compounds, C28H21FN2O7S (I) and C25H16N2O2S (II), are carbazole derivatives with a benzenesulfonyl group attached to the carbazole moiety at the N atom on both molecules. A fluoro-substituted nitrophenyl ring system in I and a fused isoquinoline ring in II are attached to the respective carbazole moieties. In both compounds, the carbazole ring systems are essentially planar, with maximum deviations of 0.028 (2) and 0.026 (2) Å for carbon atoms in compounds I and II, respectively. The carbazole ring system is almost orthogonal to the benzene ring attached to sulfonyl group, with dihedral angles of 79.7 (2) in I and 88.2 (2)° in II, respectively. The mean planes of the carbazole ring systems make dihedral angles of 66.1 (2) and 1.3 (2)°, respectively, with the nitrophenyl ring in I and the planar isoquinoline moiety [maximum deviation of 0.009 (3) Å for a carbon atom in II, indicating that the ring system in II is essentially planar]. The benzenesulfonyl ring is almost normal to the isoquinoline ring, with a dihedral angle of 87.9 (2)° in II and the nitrophenyl ring forms a dihedral angle of 17.8 (2)° in I. In both compounds, intramolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds generate S(6) ring motifs with the sulfone group O atoms. In crystals of compound I, the molecules are linked by C—H...O intermolecular weak hydrogen bonds, which generate C(7) and C(10) chains running parallel to [010] and [100], respectively.

Development of carbazole-based fluorescent probe for highly sensitive application in fluoride ion detection

Fluorine is a necessary element for human, which is closely related to life activities, such as metabolism of teeth and bone tissue. A small amount of fluoride ions can promote the strengthen of our body. However, a large amount of fluoride ions will damage the human immune system to produce organ diseases. Sensitive and rapid detection of fluoride ions has attracted great interests for researchers. In this work, a reactive fluorescent probe SCP for detection of fluoride ions with high quantum yield was designed and synthesized based on the carbazole ring. Subsequently, the photophysical properties of the probe SCP were carefully studied. At last, SCP performed 62.8% quantum yield in physiological condition, excellent ability of quantitative analysis, well selectivity, and distinguishing features for HepG2 cell imaging.

Preparation of blue and green fluorescent dyes based on thioxanthone and phenothiazine derivatives and their thermal-stability, quantum yield properties

Eight dyes were synthesized to connect carbazole or naphthalimidinyl groups with a thioxanthone central ring utilizing an acetylene bond. In this series of fluorescent dyes, a nitrogen atom of both carbazole and naphthalimidyl rings were substituted by an n-butyl or phenyl group to use as a dye intermediate, then coupled to the central ring in the final step. Eight dyes prepared were identified using by 1H NMR, GC-Mass and elemental analyses. Main properties, such as the absorption maxima, emission maxima, molar extinction coefficient and thermal stabilities by TGA analysis of the fluorescent dyes prepared were examined. To optimize the structure of the dye molecules, calculations using a Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time-Dependent DFT were performed for some dyes. In terms of absorption and emission maxima, six dyes from this series exhibited blue fluorescent emission those in the range of 443–457 nm, whereas two dyes substituted by either N-n-butyl-naphthalimide, or N-phenyl-naphthalimide group were red-shifted comparing to those of six dyes providing a green emission of 520 nm or 525 nm. The quantum yields for six dyes substituted by either N-n-Butyl-carbazole or N-phenyl-carbazole group were higher than those of analogous two dyes containing a naphthalimde group where all of six dyes exhibited 0.81–0.87 these were efficient compared to previous research.

Physical–chemical studies of new, versatile carbazole derivatives and zinc complexes: Their synthesis, investigation of in vitro inhibitory effects on α‐glucosidase and human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes

In this study, two novel zinc–phthalocyanine complexes (4a and 6a), containing carbazole rings, were investigated. The first phthalocyanine 4a has been synthesized from 4‐(2‐(3‐acetyl‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)ethoxy at the peripheral position. Likewise, the second phthalocyanine 6a has been synthesized from 4‐(2‐(3‐cinnamoyl‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)ethoxy at the same position. The new phthalocyanines (Pcs) and their ligands are soluble in organic solvents, such as dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol/ethanol. The Zn (II) complexes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (except 13C NMR for complexes), elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Also, photophysical and photochemical properties and cyclic voltammogram for the N‐substituted carbazole zinc–Pcs have been reported. The evaluation of carbazole Zn (II) complexes (4a and 6a) and ligands (3, 4, 5, and 6) for in vitro α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities was performed compared to standard drugs acarbose, and kinetic studies were also carried out to determine their inhibition modes. The inhibitory effects of these new Pcs (4a and 6a) and their ligands (3, 4, 5, and 6) on human erythrocytes carbonic anhydrase I (hCA I) and II (hCA II) isoenzymes were investigated. Moreover, in silico studies were also carried out to better investigate the interactions of N‐substituted carbazole containing zinc Pcs with the active sites of hCA I and II isoforms.