Car Process Research Articles

Machine Learning in Online Car Retail: Enhancing User Experience and Conversion Rates

This article examines the transformative impact of machine learning (ML) applications on the online car buying experience. We explore three key areas where ML significantly enhances user engagement and drives conversion rates: image processing, personalized recommendations, and data-driven insights. Advanced ML models are shown to improve image quality, standardize vehicle presentations, and facilitate easier comparisons. Personalization algorithms, leveraging vector embeddings and reinforced feedback loops, tailor the browsing experience to individual preferences. Additionally, ML-driven insights provide users with valuable information on pricing trends and deal rankings. Our analysis reveals that these applications not only streamline the car buying process but also address critical challenges in the digital automotive retail space. The article highlights the potential for increased customer satisfaction, improved inventory management, and competitive advantages for early adopters. While acknowledging implementation challenges, including data privacy concerns and integration complexities, we conclude that ML technologies are poised to revolutionize the online car buying landscape, setting new standards for user experience and operational efficiency in automotive e-commerce

Influence of Integrated Market Communication on purchase Decision making process of EV car in Bangkok and surrounding areas.

influence of Integrated Market Communication on purchase Decision making process of EV car in Bangkok and surrounding areas.

Relationship between benzene concentration, MDA levels and kidney function in car painting workshops in Surabaya: A cross-sectional observational study

Background Car painting workers are at risk because of the use of solvents containing benzene as the main ingredient in the car painting process. One of the clinical effects of systemic benzene is kidney disorders. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between benzene and Risk Quotient (RQ) benzene concentrations with Malondialdehyde (MDA), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels in workers exposed to benzene in car painting workshops in Surabaya. Methods This study used an observational design with a cross-sectional method conducted at two car paint workshops in Surabaya. The study population was all workers exposed to benzene in the two car paint workshops, aged between 20-65 years in 2019. The sample was taken using an accidental sampling method, involving 30 respondents. Inclusion criteria included workers exposed to benzene and willing to participate, while exclusion criteria included workers with a liver or kidney disease history. The variables studied included benzene concentration, benzene RQ (benzene metabolite), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as a marker of oxidative stress, and indicators of kidney function (BUN and creatinine levels). Data were analyzed using descriptive and bivariate analysis with Pearson correlation test. Results There was no significant relationship between concentrations, RQ benzene, and MDA levels in workers in painting in Surabaya (p> 0.05). There was no significant relationship between benzene concentration, BUN levels, and creatinine levels in paint workers in Surabaya (p> 0.05). There was no significant relationship between benzene RQ and BUN and creatinine levels in paint workers in Surabaya (p> 0.05). Conclusions This study's results indicate that benzene's effects do not lead to impaired kidney function. The benzene RQ variable in this study did not become a determining factor in BUN and creatinine levels in workers.

Enhancing ANPR accuracy for staff car verification using convolutional neural networks and RegEX correction

This research paper presents the development and evaluation of an Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) system using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) with Regex correction. The aim is to enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of car verification and security processes at First Technical University, Ibadan. The ANPR system was implemented both without Regex correction and with Regex correction. The evaluation results demonstrate significant improvements in the system's performance when CNN with Regex correction is employed. The CNN-based ANPR system achieves a precision of 1.00, recall of 0.90, and F1-score of 0.95 in accurately identifying number plates. These scores indicate increased accuracy and reduce false positives compared to the system without Regex correction. The integration of CNN and Regex correction effectively handles variations and errors in the number plate data, leading to a reliable and efficient car verification process. Future work can focus on further refining the CNN model and optimizing the Regex correction algorithms to enhance the system's accuracy and robustness. The developed ANPR system, utilizing CNN with Regex correction, shows great potential for enhancing car verification and security in various domains, including law enforcement, parking management, and traffic monitoring

OmniCharger: CNN-based Hand Gesture Interface to Operate an Electric Car Charging Robot through Teleconference

The automation of the car charging process is motivated by the rapid development of technologies for self-driving cars and the increasing importance of ecological transportation units. Automation of this process requires the implementation of Computer Vision (CV) techniques. However, it remains challenging to precisely position the charger plug autonomously due to the sensitivity of CV algorithms to lighting and weather conditions. We introduce a novel robotic operation system based on hand gesture recognition through teleconferencing software. The users, connected by teleconference, use their hand gestures to teleoperate the electric plug located on the collaborative robot end-effector. We conducted a user study to evaluate the system performance and suitability using OmniCharger and two baseline interfaces (a UR10 Teach Pendant and a Logitech F710 Wireless Gamepad). Except for two trials, all the users were able to locate the plug inside of a 5 cm target using the interfaces. The distance to the target and the orientation error did not present statistically significant differences ( \(p=0.1099\,{\gt}\,0.05\) and \(p=0.0903\,{\gt}\,0.05\) , respectively) in the use of the three interfaces. The NASA TLX questionnaire results showed low values in all the sub-classes, the SUS results rated the usability of the proposed interface above average (68%), and the UEQ showed excellent performance of the OmniCharger interface in the attractiveness, stimulation, and novelty attributes.

Enhancing TIG Welding Parameters For Direct Tensile Load (DT-load) On Various Steel Thicknesses

The car body repair process is integral to vehicle development and structural repair. The primary objective of this study is to enhance the quality of thin material welding utilized in automobile body repair. The impetus for this research stems from the necessity to improve the structural integrity and longevity of thin materials prone to deformation throughout the welding procedure while minimizing distortion. This study aims to identify optimal parameters for the tungsten inert gas welding (TIG welding) process on thin materials, particularly for automobile body rearrangement. The Taguchi method conducted the experimental analysis of variations in welding parameters, including electrode diameter, gas flow rate, and welding current. Adjusting TIG welding parameters to their optimal values significantly improves weld joint direct tensile load (DT-load) and overall structural quality, according to the findings of this study. ANOVA analysis and the S-N ratio indicate that gas flow rate and welding current are significant determinants of the quality of welded joints in thin materials. This research contributes to a better understanding of the optimal parameters for fusing thin materials, particularly in automobile body repair. The automotive industry can use these findings as a guide to enhance the quality and strength of welding processes, which are critical to the structural integrity of vehicles.

Digital twinning for smart restoration of classic cars

Classic cars hold substantial value in the automotive industry, and the restoration process plays a pivotal role in increasing their worth. Ensuring the certification of these restoration processes is vital, as is keeping owners well-informed about the ongoing procedures taking place in their appreciated vehicles. By monitoring and controlling these restoration activities, the management of classic car workshops can effectively optimize their operations, empower owners with pertinent information, and preserve the authentic nature of these vintage automobiles.This study aims to develop a digital twin system for a classic car bodywork restoration shop workshop. The latter integrates multiple sensor technologies, including location tracking, humidity and temperature sensing, accelerometer monitoring, and smart plugs, to facilitate the identification of ongoing activities of classic car bodywork restoration process instances. By leveraging these sensors, the digital twin system may simulate and control workshop operations more effectively.We perform a systematic rapid review of related work and, based on state-of-the-art practices, we identify existing architectures and software applications used for creating digital twin systems. Then, we propose the architecture for our digital twin system, detailing its functionalities. We aim at contributing to advancing digital twin technology in classic car bodywork restoration, enhancing its authenticity, and fostering improved management practices, and overall experience for classic car owners.

A Blockchain and IPFS-Based Anticounterfeit Traceable Functionality of Car Insurance Claims System

Due to frequent traffic accidents around the world, people often take out car insurance to mitigate their losses and receive compensation in a traffic accident. However, in the existing car insurance claims process, there are problems such as insurance fraud, inability to effectively track and transmit insurance data, cumbersome insurance procedures, and high insurance data storage costs. Since the immutability and traceability features of blockchain technology can prevent data manipulation and trace past data, we have used the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) to sign and encrypt car insurance data, ensuring both data integrity and security. We propose a blockchain and IPFS-based anticounterfeiting and traceable car insurance claims system to improve the above problems. We incorporate the Interplanetary File System (IPFS) to reduce the cost of storing insurance data. This study also attempts to propose an arbitration mechanism in the event of a car insurance dispute.

Numerical Simulation of Airflow Organization in Paint Spraying System of car Lampshade

According to the design requirements of the airflow organization of the car lampshade paint spraying system, the corresponding physical model is established, and the flow state of the air organization in the entire paint spraying system was simulated using Fluent software. On this basis, the wind speed of all mechanical air supply and air exhaust in the paint spraying system are adjusted to find the optimization and improvement direction of the airflow organization, so that the air pressure and wind direction in the system meet the environmental requirements of the car lampshade painting process, economically reducing the harm of paint, and providing reference for the ventilation design of the paint spraying system.

The Roles of Awareness, Interest, Evaluation, Trial on Adoption and its Impact on Purchase Decision: Study on New Product of ”Wuling” Electric Car Consumers in Bandung

The objectives of this study is to know the influence of the new product adoption on purchase decision among the consumers of the Wuling Electrical Vehicle in Bandung. The research employs a quantitative approach and survey. By using the purposive method, 96 consumers in Bandung were selected as the respondents of the study. The writer uses path analysis to analyze the data. Findings of the research are as follows: 1) Awareness, Interest, Evaluation and Trial affect significantly Adoption simultaneously; 2) Awareness affects significantly Adoption partially; 3) Interest affects significantly Adoption partially; 4) Evaluation affects significantly Adoption partially; 5) Trial affects significantly Adoption partially; and 6) Adoption affects Purchase Decision significantly. Thus, the adoption process of the new electric car positively affect the consumers purchase decisions whether or not they will buy the electrical vehicle.

Relationship between benzene concentration, MDA levels and kidney function in car painting workshops in Surabaya: A cross-sectional observational study

Background Car painting workers are at risk because of the use of solvents containing benzene as the main ingredient in the car painting process. One of the clinical effects of systemic benzene is kidney disorders. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between benzene and Risk Quotient (RQ) benzene concentrations with Malondialdehyde (MDA), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels in workers exposed to benzene in car painting workshops in Surabaya. Methods This is an observational, cross-sectional study conducted at two car painting workshops in Surabaya that use benzene as a solvent in their production process, namely in industries in Kalijudan and Jemursari. The research sample was taken using the accidental sampling method and as many as 30 respondents were involved in this study. The variables studied included benzene concentration, RQ benzene, MDA levels, and kidney function (BUN and creatinine levels). Analysis of the data used is a descriptive and bivariate analysis using the Pearson correlation test. Results There was no significant relationship between concentrations, RQ benzene, and MDA levels in workers in painting in Surabaya (p> 0.05). There was no significant relationship between benzene concentration, BUN levels, and creatinine levels in paint workers in Surabaya (p> 0.05). There was no significant relationship between benzene RQ and BUN and creatinine levels in paint workers in Surabaya (p> 0.05). Conclusions The results of this study indicate that the effects of benzene do not lead to impaired kidney function. The benzene RQ variable in this study did not become a determining factor in BUN and creatinine levels in workers.

SISTEM INFORMASI PENJUALAN SEPEDA MOTOR HONDA PADA SALES OFFICE WELERI

Technology and science are currently developing very rapidly, so that every business world, organization and other fields need fast, accurate and precise information. The data obtained will be distributed evenly so that it can fulfill information requests. The use of computer technology in business or office environments, both government and private, is no longer something strange. Especially in large companies, the use of it technology will help reduce workload. Astra motor weleri, a commercial company that sells honda brand motorbikes. Astra motor weleri is one of the largest dealers in kendal regency so there is quite a lot of stock at the dealer. With so many motorbikes in stock, stocking errors sometimes occur during the sales process, resulting in frequent cancellations of orders or what is usually called do delivery orders. Sellers also have difficulty marketing to consumers because consumers find it difficult to see automotive products. For example, a seller must send every photo to consumers who want to buy a car. According to the author, it is less effective. Apart from that, the car buying process from the consumer side is also too complicated because it takes a lot of time, both in cash and credit. With so many motorbikes being sold, using a manual sales system is deemed less effective.

Aplikasi Metode Min-Max di PT. T dalam Merencanakan Kebutuhan Persediaan Bahan Baku pada Proses Body Repair Mobil

Research on planning spare part inventory in the Car Body Repair Process at PT. T, which is a company in the automotive sector, uses the Min-Max method which aims to be able to better plan spare part inventory for customer satisfaction. This was motivated by the fact that the spare parts needed were not available, causing the car repair process to be delayed and cars having to stay overnight while waiting for the parts to be ordered and to arrive. From the results of data processing using the min-max method which has been carried out, it was concluded that the more often spare parts are used, the greater the minimum and maximum values when compared to spare parts that are rarely used. That there are 6 items out of 61 spare parts (0.1%) that are recommended not to have minimum stock or do not need stock because there has been no demand for parts for quite a long time. Meanwhile, for other items, it is recommended to stock at least 1 to meet existing demand. Apart from that, there are 5 items or 0.1% of spare parts with a maximum stock of only one because there is still demand, and 27 items out of 61 spare parts (44%) are recommended to have more than 10 maximum stocks.
 Keywords: Inventory, Min-Max Stock, Spare part

A sub-pc BBH system in SDSS J1609+1756 through optical QPOs in ZTF light curves

ABSTRACT Optical quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) are the most preferred signs of sub-pc binary black hole (BBH) systems in active galactic nucleus (AGN). In this manuscript, robust optical QPOs are reported in quasar SDSS J1609+1756 at z = 0.347. In order to detect reliable optical QPOs, four different methods are applied to analyse the 4.45 yr-long Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) g/r/i-band light curves of SDSS J1609+1756, direct fitting results by sine function, generalized Lomb–Scargle periodogram, autocross correlation function, and weighted wavelet Z-transform method. The four different methods can lead to well determined reliable optical QPOs with periodicities ∼340 d with confidence levels higher than 5σ, to guarantee the robustness of the optical QPOs in SDSS J1609+1756. Meanwhile, based on simulated light curves through continuous autoregressive process to trace intrinsic AGN activities, confidence level higher than 3σ can be confirmed that the optical QPOs are not misdetected in intrinsic AGN activities, reconfirming the robust optical QPOs and strongly indicating a central sub-pc BBH system in SDSS J1609+1756. Furthermore, based on apparent redshifted shoulders in broad Balmer emission lines in SDSS J1609+1756, space separation of the expected central BBH system can be estimated to be smaller than 107 ± 60 light-days, accepted upper limit of total BH mass ∼(1.03 ± 0.22) × 108 M⊙. Therefore, to detect and report BBH system expected optical QPOs with periodicities around 1 yr is efficiently practicable through ZTF light curves, and combining with peculiar broad-line emission features, further clues should be given on space separations of BBH systems in broad-line AGN in the near future.

Ensuring the quality of atmospheric air on main streets and in residential buildings by means of planning and landscaping

Introduction. The level of concentration of toxic substances in the atmospheric air of main streets is largely determined by their aeration regime, established due to exposure to air flow of buildings and green spaces. Therefore, when developing master plans of cities and projects of detailed planning of residential formations to ensure hygienic standards for the expected content of emissions of motor transport in the air of transport communications and adjacent residential buildings, the influence of urban factors on wind speed and direction one should take into account.
 The aim of the study is the justification and selection of urban planning measures to reduce atmospheric air pollution from main roads and streets by exhaust gases of motor transport.
 Material and methods. Full-scale surveys of transport infrastructure facilities in large cities and modelling of the processes of dispersion of exhaust gases of cars in the air using models of residential buildings and green spaces.
 Results. The regularities of the formation of the aeration regime of city streets and the dispersion of car emissions behind the landscaping strips and in residential buildings have been established. Optimal variants of planning, development and landscaping of main streets have been determined, ensuring the reduction of gas contamination of pedestrian zones, public spaces and residential areas.
 Limitations. The choice of landscaping objects for urban roads and streets for field observations and modelling of car emissions dispersion processes is limited to strips of green spaces of a blown and dense construction, without taking into account the peculiarities of the transformation of the air flow and reducing gas pollution under the influence of landscaping strips of an openwork design.
 Conclusions. Reduction of gas pollution of main roads and streets is ensured by choosing the direction of the route and planning, and building techniques. At the same time, it is necessary to use environmental protection linear-strip landscaping facilities of optimal design. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that frontal multi-sectional buildings and strips of green spaces of windproof dense construction stimulate the appearance of stable vortices with a closed circulation of impurities in street canyons and on sections of highways. When choosing urban planning solutions to ensure the quality of atmospheric air of transport communications and adjacent residential buildings in various landscape and climatic conditions, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the tasks arising in this case to regulate the aeration regime and reclamation of the microclimate as a whole.

A candidate of binary black hole system in AGN with broad Balmer emission lines having quite different line widths

ABSTRACT In this paper, a candidate of sub-pc binary black hole (BBH) system is reported in SDSS J1257+2023 through different properties of broad Balmer emission lines. After subtractions of host galaxy contributions, Gaussian functions are applied to measure emission lines in SDSS J1257+2023, leading line width (second moment) 760 km s−1 of broad H β to be 0.69 times of line width 1100 km s−1 of broad H α, quite different from normal line width ratio 1.1 of broad H β to broad H α in quasars. The quite broader component in broad H α in SDSS J1257+2023 can be confirmed with confidence level higher than 5σ through F-test technique, through different model functions applied to measure emission lines. The broad Balmer emission lines having different line widths can be naturally explained by a BBH system with different obscurations on central two independent broad emission line regions. Meanwhile, through Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) light curves and corresponding phase folded light curves well described by sinusoidal function, BBH system expected optical quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) can be detected with periodicity about 1000 d, confirmed with confidence level higher than 3σ by generalized Lomb–Scargle periodogram. And through Continuous AutoRegressive process simulated light curves, confidence level higher than 2σ can be determined to support the optical QPOs in SDSS J1257+2023 not from intrinsic AGN activities, although the ZTF light curves have short time durations. Moreover, through oversimplified BBH system simulated results, studying different broad Balmer lines as signs of BBH systems in normal quasars with flux ratios around 4 of broad H α to broad H β could be done in near future.

Quantum control via chirped coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy

A chirped-pulse quantum control scheme applicable to coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy, named as C-CARS, is presented aimed at maximizing the vibrational coherence in molecules. It implies chirping of three incoming pulses in the four-wave mixing process of CARS, the pump, the Stokes and the probe, to fulfill the conditions of adiabatic passage. The scheme is derived in the framework of rotating wave approximation and adiabatic elimination of excited state manifold simplifying the four-level model system into a ‘super-effective’ two level system. We demonstrate that the selectivity of excitation of vibrational degrees of freedom can be controlled by carefully choosing the spectral chirp rate of the pulses. The robustness, spectral selectivity and adiabatic nature of this method are advantageous for improving the existing methods of CARS spectroscopy for sensing, imaging and detection.

Analysis of exhaust emission processes during the Real Driving Emissions test

The article deals with the study of exhaust emissions from a combustion engine in the Real Driving Emission (RDE) test. These tests are a simulation of real conditions of use of motor vehicles. Nowadays, RDE tests are mandatory for Light Duty Vehicle (LDV) and Heavy Duty Vehicle (HDV) vehicles and in the future, restrictive standard. Euro 7, which combines stricter limits with a comprehensive RDE test cycle, is becoming a challenge for current vehicle engineering. The paper presents the results of pollutant emission tests from a passenger car (PC). In the tests of LDV in the RDE test, the results of which are analyzed in the article, the Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS) mobile exhaust emission testing system was used. The processes describing the operating states of the vehicle and the combustion engine, as well as the processes of exhaust emission intensity and the intensity of the number of particulate (PN), were examined. The correlation between the considered processes was investigated. The emission of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, particulate and carbon dioxide as well as the road PN were examined. The zero-dimensional statistical characteristics of the examined processes were also determined. The probability density and power spectral density of the processes were established. A great diversity was found in the properties of the process distributions, as well as in the dynamic properties of the processes. In the summary of the analysis of the results of the car speed process, the operating states of the combustion engine and the processes of exhaust emission intensity and the process of the intensity of PN in the RDE test, conclusions were formulated regarding, among others, course of the intensity of these compounds, correlation of the processes of pollution emission intensity and the intensity of the PN with the process of car speed, distribution of processes.

Development of a web-based application for organizing the operation of a car service station

The article provides material on the optimization of business processes and document flow automation of car service stations using web-based applications. This will allow to quickly and accurately diagnose malfunctions, plan and control the work of mechanics, provide quality service and increase customer satisfaction. A comparative analysis of the most common CRM systems was carried out according to such criteria as functionality, cost of the program, technical support, integration with other software, as well as features of implementation at the enterprise. It was found that the adaptation of CRM systems to the conditions of a specific business entity requires significant financial costs, which is not appropriate for small business representatives. The most reasonable solution for automating the operation of maintenance stations is the development of their own websites, taking into account the specifics of the business processes of each enterprise. A web application has been developed that allows you to optimize such processes as maintaining a customer account and car diagnostic card, distributing and processing requests for maintenance, as well as creating an archive of requests and rating employees based on customer feedback. The PHP programming language, the PHPWord library for creating text documents and the Bootstrap framework, the MariaDB database and the web interface for its administration, phpMyAdmin, were used for development. The application was created in the PhpStorm software environment from the JetBrains company. The implementation of the developed software will improve the processes of working with customers and increase the quality of services provided by the technical service station

Penerapan Konsep Lean Service Untuk Perbaikan Pelayanan Servis Mobil Di Auto2000 Basuki Rahmat Surabaya

AUTO2000 Basuki Rahmat is one of the branches dealer Toyota, which is located in the city of Surabaya, is engaged in services such as sales, maintenance, repair and supply of Toyota spare parts whose management is fully handled by the Astra Group. The company always strives to provide fast and accurate service, but customers spend quite a long time waiting because the car service process is relatively long. The long service time is caused by an unorganized operational system that causes waste (waste). Based on these problems, it is necessary to analyze Basuki Rahmat's car service services at AUTO2000 using the concept lean service by using the method value stream mapping, fishbone, and 5 whys. The research results obtained weight waste motion or transportation of 0.1481; waiting or delay of 0.1325; incorrect inventory of 0.1273; lack of customer’s focus of 0.1195; defect of 0.1065; duplication of 0.0935; overproduction of 0.0779; unclear communication of 0.0675; underutilized employees of 0.0675; And variation of 0.0597. Research recommendations that can be proposed to reduce waste including repairs layout, adding monitors on the service floor for matters of sending and receiving information, increasing the number of mechanics, making plans booking with different hours, making and applying the system tracking of the presence of the tool. Therefore, lead time the initial service service process of 170 minutes becomes lead time 128 minutes.