Brucellosis is a neglected disease in Ethiopia that affects domestic ruminants, including goats, which play a crucial role in sustaining the livelihoods of pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in the Benatsemay district. Despite their economic and socio-cultural value, productivity and reproductive performances of goats are constrained by infectious diseases such as Brucella infection. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2021 to February 2022 to estimate the seroprevalence of Brucella infection in goats, identify associated risk factors, and assess the knowledge, attitudes, and control practices of pastoral and agro-pastoral communities. A total of 390 sera samples were screened using Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and confirmed by complement fixation test (CFT) for caprine brucellosis. Simultaneously, 150 goat owners were surveyed to assess disease awareness and control practices. Of 390 sera samples, 22 (5.64%) were RBPT-positive, and 10 (2.56%) were confirmed by CFT. Thus, the overall Brucella seroprevalence was 2.56%. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that abortion, retained fetal membrane, and stillbirth were significantly associated with Brucella serostatus. The odds of infection were significantly higher in goats with a history of abortion (OR = 16.19, p < 0.05), retained fetal membranes (OR = 13.02, p < 0.05), and stillbirth (OR = 14.08, p < 0.05) compared with their respective reference categories. This study confirmed the presence of Brucella infection in the study area, as evidenced by seropositive goats. This not only threatens the health and productivity of the animals but also poses a potential risk to the people. The questionnaire survey revealed that 98.67% and 97.34% of respondents had poor knowledge about Brucella infection and its zoonotic significance, respectively. Therefore, an integrated One Health strategy targeting animals, humans, and the environment should be implemented in the study area.

Background: Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases affecting a range of animals caused by Brucella species. Reported to have zoonotic importance include B. abortus, B. melitensis, B. suis, and B. canis. The causative agents of brucellosis in small ruminants are B. abortus, B. melitensis, and B. ovis, mainly associated with abortion, stillbirth, placentitis, and weak offspring, with the development of yellowish, sticky layers on the placenta in females, while in males, orchitis, epididymitis, as well as inflammation of the joints and bursae, are affected. Most serological studies have reported a high prevalence of caprine brucellosis in Bangladesh. However, molecular and serological detection of B. melitensis in caprine populations involves using a combination of antibody tests and DNA-based methods to identify infection. Objective: The main aim of this study was to confirm RBPT- and ELISA-positive cases of B. melitensis infection in goats at BAUGF using a combination of serological (RBPT, i-ELISA) and molecular (PCR) tests. Materials and Methods: A total of 18 blood samples were collected from goats of BAUGF and tested by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA), and polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results: Serological analysis of 18 goats revealed decreasing positivity rates across methods: 33.33% (Rapid Kit), 22.22% (Rose Bengal Plate Test), and 16.67% (both ELISA and PCR), with females (23.07%) showing higher infection rates favorable with all the used four tests, than males, which are negative with two tests (RKT &amp; RBPT), and positive with two tests (i-ELISA &amp; PCR) with only one case (20.0%) positive. Of the 18 goats screened, PCR detected B. melitensis-specific omp2 genes in 11.11% of samples. Conclusions: Serological evidence of caprine brucellosis in goats and molecular detection of B. melitensis in Bangladesh warrant regular screening, surveillance, and reporting of disease in goats and human risk groups.

Given the endemic nature of bovine brucellosis in Rwanda, caprine brucellosis, primarily caused by Brucella melitensis in goats, may also be prevalent. However, no data exist on the disease's prevalence and associated risk factors in goats, particularly in Nyagatare district. A cross-sectional study was therefore conducted to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis and to identify herd-level risk factors associated with the disease among goat herds (n = 102) across six sectors of Nyagatare district. Serum samples from 612 goats were tested using both the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA) and the Rose Bengal Test (RBT), applied in parallel. A systematic questionnaire, pretested for reliability, was used to gather data on potential risk factors for caprine brucellosis. The study found a brucellosis true adjusted seroprevalence of 6.08% and 10.7% using RBT and i-ELISA, respectively. When combining the results from both tests, the overall seroprevalence was 6.08% at the animal level and 16.6% at the herd level. The most significant risk factors for Brucella seropositivity were mixing of cattle and goats within the same herd and a history of abortions in the herd (p < 0.05). This study confirms that caprine brucellosis is endemic in Nyagatare district, highlighting the need for a One Health approach to control and prevent the disease in both livestock and humans. The study recommends implementing awareness campaigns to educate livestock farmers about brucellosis and calls for further research to characterize Brucella spp. in small ruminants in Rwanda and to establish appropriate control measures.

Development and Bayesian analysis of a competitive inhibition ELISA for caprine brucellosis.

Validation of an in house iELISA for serodiagnosis of caprine brucellosis and evaluation of the performance of a B. neotomae lysate for the detection of anti-smooth Brucella specific antibodies in ruminants.

True prevalence and spatial distribution of antibodies to Brucella spp. in goat populations in Hubei Province, People's Republic of China: Progress toward disease elimination.

Introduction: Brucellosis is a highly contagious disease that is one of the most widespread zoonoses in the world. The WHO estimates the annual global incidence of the disease at 500,000 cases. It is classified on the single list of serious animal diseases of the World Organization for Animal Health with significant repercussions on public health and the economy of most developing countries. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of households raising goats in the context of human-animal cohabitation on caprine and human brucellosis in the Kipushi territory. Methods: Our investigations were carried out in the territory of Kipushi, province of upper-Katanga, in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo). This study targeted households raising goats in the context of human-animal cohabitation, with the aim of evaluating their knowledge, attitudes and practices on caprine and human brucellosis. Data collection was done using interviews based on semi-open questions which were administered in these households. We interviewed 347 respondents in 4 different entities in the Kipushi territory, including 26.8% at the Kipushi Antenna, 27.9% in the Lumata village; 17.9% in Musoshi station village and 27.4% in Sambwa village to assess their knowledge on the symptoms of the disease, their attitudes towards prevent this pathology as well as their practices to prevent caprine and human brucellosis in the so-called territory. Results: The respondents’ good knowledge score on the symptoms of caprine and human brucellosis was 32.6%. The proportions of good knowledge of respondents according to the entities were 29.2% at the Kipushi Antenna, 32% in the Lumata village, 31.9% in the Musoshi station village and 33.5% in the Sambwa village. Regarding attitudes to prevent brucellosis, the score of good attitudes was 22.4% among respondents. This score was distributed according to the entities as follows: 23.5% at the Kipushi Antenna; 26.9% in Lumata village; 25.2% in Musoshi station village and 21.4% in Sambwa village. The score of good practices for combating brucellosis was 24.9%, with proportions of good practices of respondents according to the survey entities of 19.4% at the Kipushi Antenna; 23.7% in Lumata village; 29% in Musoshi station village and 26.3% in Sambwa village. Conclusion: Our results revealed a low level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of caprine and human brucellosis among respondents in the Kipushi territory. We recommend capacity building by raising awareness among households that raise livestock in Kipushi territory on the acquisition of knowledge on zoonotic diseases and specifically on brucellosis before undertaking any family breeding.

Background: Brucella is an important and widespread intracellular zoonotic bacterium distributed globally that causes abortion and reproductive failure in livestock and zoonotic illness with serious chronic complications in affected humans. Brucellosis is recognized as re-emerging globally and neglected in low to medium-income countries in the world, including Bangladesh. Caprine brucellosis is caused by Brucella melitensis and is an important public health problem. Its diagnosis is mainly based on a primary screening test followed by confirmatory serologic tests. Several articles on the serological prevalence of brucellosis in goats associated with reproductive disorders have been published in Bangladesh and need to be reviewed for future research programs. Objectives: This paper describes the seroprevalence of Brucella infection in farm goats with a previous history of abortion, including a brief review of caprine brucellosis in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to detect the relationship between Brucella seropositivity and a history of previous abortion in goats, supported by a brief review of articles published on Brucella seropositivity in goats, especially associated with reproductive disorders in Bangladesh. A total of 26 articles published from Bangladesh and elsewhere have been reviewed to present this manuscript. Eight directly related inland reports have been examined to compare the results of the present findings. A total of 150 goat serum samples were obtained for the current investigation from BAU Goat Farm. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect information on host factors, management factors, and the occurrence of previous reproductive disorders. The serological diagnosis of brucellosis is performed using a screening test (e.g., RBPT) followed by a confirmatory test (e.g., ELISA) per kit manufacturer instructions. Results: Overall seroprevalence of Brucella infection in goats was recorded as 2.67% (4/150) by RBPT and 2.0% (3/150) by I-ELISA on the serum samples collected from BAUGF, Mymensingh. The seroprevalence of Brucella infection was found higher in female goats (3.00%) than in male goats (2.00%), higher in adults (5.00%) than in young (1.25%) goats, pregnant (RBPT 3.33% &amp; I-ELISA 1.67%) than non-pregnant (RBPT 2.2% &amp; I-ELISA 1.67%) goats. A significantly higher seropositivity of Brucella infection was recorded in goats with a previous history of abortion with both the RBPT (30.0%) and I-ELISA (20.0%). These findings are compared with the results of the earlier inland reports and concluded. Conclusions: This study has used RBPT as a screening test and i-ELISA as a confirmatory test, which has detected an overall 2.67% and 2.0% seropositivity to Brucella infection in goats, respectively, with significantly higher prevalence in goats with a previous history of abortion with both the RBPT (30.0%) and I-ELISA (20.0%) tests. Thus, the zoonotic prevalence and effect of Brucella infection in humans and animals have been documented in Bangladesh. The prevalence of Brucella infection at a low level (2.0%) in goats in Bangladesh is appropriate for launching and building a program for prevention and control through testing and slaughter, removing diseased animals from flocks. However, the ‘One Health’ approach with a targeted intervention policy should be implemented to break Bangladesh's Brucella transmission chain between animals and humans.

Background: Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease that leads to reproductive losses in animals, posing significant public health risks and economic challenges in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. This study aims to estimate the seroprevalence and identify risk factors associated with small ruminant brucellosis in the region. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2022 in six selected kebeles of the Dubti district in the Afar region of Ethiopia to investigate the seroepidemiology of ovine and caprine brucellosis. Researchers collected 300 serum samples from apparently healthy sheep (69) and goats (231). The samples were initially screened for brucella antigens using the rose bengal plate test (RBPT). Reactors identified by the RBPT were then confirmed using the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) at the Animal Health Institution (AHI). The study employed descriptive statistics, Pearson's chi-square (X 2), and univariable logistic regression analyses to analyze the data. Results: The overall seroprevalence of brucella infection in small ruminants in this study was 6.7% (20 out of 300). Specifically, the seroprevalence rate in sheep was 7.2% (5 out of 69), and in goats, it was 6.5% (15 out of 231). The chi-square and univariable logistic regression analyses showed no significant association between brucella seropositivity and factors such as species, sex, age, parity, district, or abortion history (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study reveal that brucella infection is circulating in small ruminants in the study area and the broader Afar region. Further research should be conducted across the entire region that focuses on determining the regional seroprevalence of brucella, conducting molecular-based isolation, and identifying biotypes.

Background:Brucellosis is a prevalent and significantly endemic cause of abortion in goat. Among the various diagnostic methods used for the confirmatory diagnosis of the causing agent, the standard polymerase chain reaction (c-PCR) method is more accurate and appropriate for diagnosing Brucella spp. infection in goats than serological tests such as RBPT and ELISA. The current study compared molecular and serological tests with the diagnosis of Brucella spp.Aim:This study used the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) on blood serum to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in goats in Tikrit, Iraq. In addition, c-PCR was conducted on whole blood samples for Brucella spp. detection of investigation the kind to Brucella spp. using the technique of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR) and to comparative the c-PCR methodology with RBPT and indirected enzyme-linked immunosorbent as approaches to illness diagnosis.Methods:This study inspected 40 aborted goats of different ages gathered from various areas of Tikrit, Iraq, from November 2023 to March 2024. Molecular analysis included the collection of a 1 ml blood sample from the jugular vein in an anticoagulant EDTA-coated plastic tube, as well as 2–4 ml blood in an anticoagulant-free glass gel tube. In order to detection Brucella antibodies at the serum using the RBPT and indirect ELISA test, these tubes were centrifuged for 5 minutes at 3,000 rpm. Meanwhile, PCR was used on the complete blood samples to identify Brucella species.Results:Using RBPT and ELISA of blood serum and the traditional PCR test, the overall prevalences of brucellosis in abortion goats were 40% (16), 35% (14), and 45% (18) out of 40, respectively. The multiplex PCR method used to primary identification of Brucella spp. showed that prevalence of B. melitensis was 27.5% (11 out of 40), with positive band in 731 bp and B. Abortus was 12.5% (5 of 40), with positive bands at 498 bp, indicating the prevalence of Brucella spp. According to the Kappa value of 0.218, the present research revealed a difference between RBPT and the c-PCR technique in the diagnosis of Brucella spp. at abortion goat, and accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of RBPT were 87.5%, 83.3%, and 40%, respectively, when comparative to the technique of c-PCR. Accorded to Kappa value of 0.216, the present study also found an similarity between ELISA and the c-PCR technique at the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity and of ELISA were 81.2, 95%, and 95%, respectively, when compared with the technique of c-PCR. The study concluded that Brucellosis is widespread and important for inducing abortion in goats in Tikrit city, and the technique of c-PCR is more dependable and suitable for the detection Brucella spp. infection of goats than RBPT and ELISA.Conclusion:The study concluded that B. mentensis and B. abortus are important causes to abortion of goats in some areas of Tikrit city. The tests of serologically used in this study were the RBPT most sensitive, whereas the indirect ELISA test was the most specific, and the technique of c-PCR was more dependable and suitable for the detection Brucella spp. infection of goats than the serological tests RBPT and ELISA.

Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease in goats.The causal agents are Brucella spp.and showing symptoms of abortions, stillbirths, and weak offspring in females and orchitis in males.The economic impact includes declined milk production and abortion, alongside the potential zoonotic transmission through milk and uterine discharges.The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of caprine brucellosis in three districts of Bangladesh-Jhenaidah, Meherpur, and Mymensingh.Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (i-ELISA) were used to detect Brucella-specific antibodies in infected animals.A total of 210 serum samples were collected.Goats were categorized based on geographic location, sex, breed, housing system, and rearing practices to evaluate potential risk factors.The overall prevalence of brucellosis was 3.81% by RBPT and 2.38% by ELISA.District-wise prevalence was highest in Mymensingh (RBPT: 4.123%, ELISA: 2.061%), followed by Jhenaidah (RBPT: 3.947%, ELISA: 2.631%), and Meherpur (RBPT and ELISA: 2.702%).Household-based farms exhibited the highest prevalence (RBPT: 6.976%, ELISA: 4.651%).Female goats showed a higher seroprevalence (RBPT: 4.081%, ELISA: 2.721%) compared to males (RBPT: 3.174%, ELISA: 1.587%).Among breeds, Black Bengal goats had the highest prevalence (RBPT: 4.032%, ELISA: 2.419%), and goats under free-ranging management showed the highest infection rates (RBPT: 4.545%, ELISA: 3.409%).This study emphasizes the prevalence and diversity of caprine brucellosis in Bangladesh across various regions, animal populations, and management approaches.The results highlight the necessity of regular surveillance and efficient control measures to mitigate the economic and public health impacts of brucellosis in goat farming systems.

Caprine brucellosis due to Brucella melitensis is an important zoonotic disease. The present study was carried out to address the lack of a comprehensive study on the status of caprine brucellosis in Puducherry, India using serological and molecular tests in goats and to assess the seroprevalence in human risk groups of the aforementioned region to ascertain the public health significance of the disease. Seroprevalence in 120 goats was found to be zero, 3.33% and 18.33% by Rose Bengal agglutination Test (RBT), Standard Tube Agglutination Test (STAT) and Immunoglobulin G Indirect Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbant Assay (IgG iELISA) respectively. Of the 120 goat genital swabs screened, while conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detected genus specific 16S rRNA and Brucella melitensis specific omp2 genes in 17.50% and 5.00% of samples respectively, the OMP31TaqMan® real time PCR with a positive detection of 40.00% was both the most sensitive and specific for detection of Brucella melitensis. The study provides insight into the optimization of diagnostic tests following cluster wise sampling for brucellosis in goats. The strain of Brucella melitensis in Puducherry was found to be Biovar 3 based upon suggestive results of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) of omp2 gene product. Seroprevalence by IgG iELISA was 33.33 % in 30 samples from human subjects. Serological evidence of caprine brucellosis in goats and human subjects and molecular detection of Brucella melitensis in Puducherry, India warrants regular screening, surveillance and reporting of disease in goats and human risk groups.

Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence of caprine brucellosis and identify factors influencing its persistence in Algeria. Over the span of a decade, from 2009 to 2018, a sero-epidemiological survey was undertaken, covering a significant population of 51,475 goats. The screening process involved the use of the card agglutination test to detect potential positive samples. Subsequently, positive samples were subjected to confirmation using the complement fixation test. The study revealed an average seropositivity prevalenceof 14.7% over the ten-year duration. A significant difference (P&amp;lt;0.05) was observed between Southern and Northern provinces, registering respective rates of 20.2% and 6.9%. Furthermore, a pronounced effect of gender was evident (P&amp;lt;0.05), with females exhibiting a higher infection prevalence (15.6%) compared to males (7.1%). Similarly, a significant difference was observed concerning the age of animals, with aged individuals showing a prevalence of 15.8% in contrast to young animals at 8.5%. In our current investigation, we observed thepersistence of caprine brucellosis across various provinces in Algeria. Consequently, there is a pressing need to establish and execute a comprehensive strategy aimed at combating and preventing this infection.

One of the main causes of human brucellosis is Brucella melitensis infecting small ruminants. To date, Rev1 is the only vaccine successfully used to control ovine and caprine brucellosis. However, it is pathogenic for pregnant animals, resulting in abortions and vaginal and milk shedding, as well as being infectious for humans. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an effective vaccine that is safer than Rev1. In efforts to further attenuate Rev1, we recently used wzm inactivation to generate a rough mutant (Rev1Δwzm) that retains a complete antigenic O-polysaccharide in the bacterial cytoplasm. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the placental pathogenicity of Rev1Δwzm in trophoblastic cells, throughout pregnancy in mice, and in ewes inoculated in different trimesters of pregnancy. This mutant was evaluated in comparison with the homologous 16MΔwzm derived from a virulent strain of B. melitensis and the naturally rough sheep pathogen B. ovis. Our results show that both wzm mutants triggered reduced cytotoxic, pro-apoptotic, and pro-inflammatory signaling in Bewo trophoblasts, as well as reduced relative expression of apoptosis genes. In mice, both wzm mutants produced infection but were rapidly cleared from the placenta, in which only Rev1Δwzm induced a low relative expression of pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory genes. In the 66 inoculated ewes, Rev1Δwzm was safe and immunogenic, displaying a transient serological interference in standard RBT but not CFT S-LPS tests; this serological response was minimized by conjunctival administration. In conclusion, these results support that B. melitensis Rev1Δwzm is a promising vaccine candidate for use in pregnant ewes and its efficacy against B. melitensis and B. ovis infections in sheep warrants further study.

Brucellosis is a significant zoonotic disease with global implications for animal and human public health. This study investigated the prevalence of caprine brucellosis in 39 meat goat herds in northeastern Thailand using serological and molecular methods. Seroprevalence, determined by the modified Rose Bengal test (mRBT), was negative, indicating no detectable antibodies against Brucella. However, real-time PCR identified Brucella spp. DNA in 11 samples from 8 herds. Intraherd prevalence varied from 0.0% to 9.09%, averaging 6.73% (95% CI, 4.74–8.72). Univariate analysis revealed significant risk factors associated with brucellosis at the herd level. Larger herd size correlated with increased brucellosis odds ratio (OR: 6.30; 95% CI: 1.07–36.93; p=0.041). Herds with multiple reproductive failures, including abortion, repeat breeding, and sterile, together with weak offspring, showed higher prevalence (OR: 9.37; 95% CI: 1.17–74.84; p=0.034). Multivariable analysis identified herd sizes over thirteen as a significant risk factor (OR: 10.20; 95% CI: 1.06–97.40; p=0.044). Notably, herds where owners were aware of direct transmission risks exhibited lower infection rates (OR: 0.05; 95% CI: 0.006–0.54; p=0.012). This study underscores the complementary role of molecular techniques alongside serological tests in detecting Brucella infection accurately. The findings highlight the importance of effective herd management, reproductive health monitoring, and owner education in mitigating brucellosis transmission. Implementing robust control measures, including stringent biosecurity protocols and enhanced stakeholder awareness, is crucial for controlling brucellosis in meat goat populations.

T he study was carried out to get clear image about the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with occurrence of brucellosis in sheep and goats. Total 2325 serum samples were collected from sheep and goats having above 6 months of age during April, 2021 to April, 2022 and screened by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Buffered Acidified Plate Antigen Test (BAPAT) and were furtherly confirmed with CFT. Out of total 2325 sera samples, 278 (11.95%) were positive. The seroprevalence was found higher in Rahmani sheep followed by Assaf, Barki, Romaov and Texel breeds. Also, the seroprevalence was found higher in Boer goats followed by Shami goats. Moreover, the seroprevalence was higher in female than male by the two tests. In addition, the seroprevalence was higher found in adult age group than young age group; mixed flock than single flock; unorganized rearing practice (mobile flocks) than organized and with abortion history than without abortion history. So control programs should be applied.

Human brucellosis cases are rare in non-endemic countries, such as Germany, where infections are predominantly caused by Brucella melitensis. The German National Reference Laboratory for Bovine, Porcine, Ovine and Caprine Brucellosis received a suspected Brucella sp. isolate from a patient for identification. Bacteriological tests and PCR-based diagnostics showed the isolate to be B. suis, but did not yield cohesive results regarding the biovar. Whole genome sequencing and subsequent genotyping was employed for a detailed characterization of the isolate and elucidating the reason for failure of the diagnostic PCR to correctly identify the biovar. The isolate was found to be B. suis bv. 5, a rare biovar with limited geographical distribution primarily found in the Northern Caucasus. Due to a deletion in one of the target regions of the diagnostic PCR, the isolate could not be correctly typed. Based on in silico genotyping it could be excluded that the isolate was identical to one of the B. suis bv. 5 reference strains. Here, we report a rare case of a B. suis bv. 5 field isolate. Furthermore, by reporting this finding, we want to make practitioners aware of possible misinterpretation of PCR results, as it cannot be excluded that the detected deletion is common among the B. suis bv. 5 community, as there is currently a lack of field isolates.

Bm Delta-pgm, a vaccine for the control of Brucella melitensis with cross-species protective properties.

The study was conducted at Bahri North, Khartoum State, Sudan, during the year 2021. The study was aiming at detection of bovine, caprine and ovine brucellosis in North Bahri. A total of 1050 bovine, 2081 caprine and 870 ovine blood samples were collected. Sera were separated from blood samples and kept at -20o at the laboratory of College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bahri. Sera were tested using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and modified Rose Bengal Plate Test (mRBPT) for detection of Brucella antibodies. By using RBPT for testing the sera for brucellosis, the prevalence of bovine brucellosis was 0.95, caprine brucellosis 11.24% and ovine brucellosis 1.14%. By using mRBPT for testing the sera for brucellosis, the prevalence of bovine brucellosis was 1.42, caprine brucellosis 13.83% and ovine brucellosis 1.95%. mRBPT is more sensitive than RBPT in detection of Brucella antibodies. Investigation of more animals covering the whole state, using of other serological and immunological test and vaccination of animals are recommended.

Background: Brucellosis is an important re-emerging zoonosis with worldwide distribution. In Thailand, endemic bovine and caprine brucellosis is a serious public health threat. Brucellosis in cattle and buffalo is primarily due to Brucella abortus while Brucella melitensis predominates in sheep and goats. The main factors maintaining the disease in humans and animals are unhygienic food habits, poor animal husbandry processes, lack of awareness and ineffective surveillance systems. Therefore, prevention of human brucellosis would depend on controlling the disease in livestock. The current study aimed to study the epidemiological situation to develop an effective control strategy. Methods: The estimated seropositivity rates at the herd and animal levels were compiled during 2009-2018. The sera were submitted to the National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH) and the Regional Veterinary Research and Development Centers (VRDCs), where serological tests were performed. The testing used screening based on the Rose Bengal test (RBT) followed by confirmatory tests, the complement fixation test (CFT) and the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA). The data were collected, the proportion of the estimated seropositivity rate was analyzed. The seropositive animals were followed up and specimens were collected for isolation and PCR identification. Result: The results of the accumulated seropositivity rate of the brucellosis of dairy cattle, beef cattle, buffaloes, goats and sheep at the herd level from 2009 to 2018 was 7.12% (95% CI: 6.99-7.26) and the animal level was 0.92% (95% CI: 0.91-0.93). The species identification presented Brucella abortus five isolates, whereas Brucella melitensis presented 31 isolates from the total of 36 isolates. This information of the serological status and Brucella spp., including diagnostics patterns could be used as base data for better managing the prevention and control measures of brucellosis in Thailand and other countries.