Capital Model Research Articles

Empirical evidence of Goodwin’s growth cycle in the Indian organised manufacturing sector

PurposeThe aim of the paper is to investigate Goodwin’s growth cycle in the Indian organised manufacturing industries.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology is based on bi-variate differential equation, econometrics model like log-linear regression and Autoregressive Distributed Lag model. An empirical investigation is conducted on data from the Annual Survey of Industries from 1980 to 2018 time period.FindingsThe results indicate that though the original Goodwin model estimates deviated from data estimates, its modified (neo-Goodwin) model are found to be equivalent to the data estimates. Moreover, in contrast to the original model, the capital accumulation rate (investment to profit ratio) is not assumed to be unitary in the modified Goodwin model. Furthermore, the labour market-led and cost effect conditions of the Goodwin cycle are empirically verified by investigating the interdependency between employment rate and wage share. Lastly, the short- and long-run Goodwin cycles are observed to be moving in anti-clockwise direction in the employment rate and wage share bi-dimensional plane, thus confirming the existence of profit-led distribution where wage share continuously reducing with high employment.Research limitations/implicationsThis study opens the discussion on application of capitalistic model in the emerging economy and also suggests to incorporate some theoretical models like Kaldorian, Keynesian, Kaleckian or Schumpetrian into the Goodwin cycle.Originality/valueThis is the first paper which empirically examines the capitalistic nature of Indian organised manufacturing industries through the lens of Goodwin growth cycle and then extend it to the Neo-Goodwin model by relaxing one of the unrealistic assumption regarding unitary investment to profit ratio.

Exploring Cultural Capital in the College and Financial Aid Decision Process for the GEAR UP Federal Grant Program

This qualitative study investigates the relationship between cultural capital and financial aid in college decision-making through use of an updated model based on Perna’s (2006) cultural capital model, focusing on decision-making influences within the habitus layer. Researchers conducted focus groups and interviews, yielding (N=15) GEAR UP scholarship recipient participants. Findings from this study evidence the importance of personal and social networks, individual intuition, and trust in college decision-making, with these components often cited more frequently than traditionally cited factors beyond the habitus layer. This study serves as a model for investigating student decision-making, highlighting the importance of uplifting student voice, and as an initial investigation into the ways in which college-going students’ decision-making practices are changing.

Moving Beyond Referrals: Addressing Multilevel Barriers to Substance Use Treatment Engagement Through Police-Led Recovery Management Check-Ups.

The opioid epidemic in the United States (US) has prompted innovative responses from law enforcement agencies including specialized units to refer overdose survivors to substance use treatment following an overdose. However, traditional law enforcement outreach does not address the multilevel barriers to treatment engagement that lead to repeat overdose-related calls for service. The current evaluation explored the process components and outcomes of a Comprehensive Opioid Abuse Program (COAP) initiative within a local law enforcement agency in the Southeast US. COAP funding supported a police-led recovery management team (RMT) to connect overdose survivors to substance use treatment. The RMT also utilized recovery management check-ups (RMCs) to provide sustained support to enhance substance use treatment engagement beyond the initial treatment referral. A mixed-methods approach was employed to examine participant demographic, substance use, mental health, treatment, and criminal justice characteristics (N = 65) and explore perceptions of programmatic strengths and potential areas for improvement (N = 15). The quantitative and qualitative analyses were informed by the Recovery Capital Model. Quantitative analysis revealed that the RMT connected many participants with various support services, notably including housing assistance and health insurance. Qualitative findings highlight program effectiveness in improving social, community, and personal recovery capital. These findings contribute to expanding research on police-led post-overdose initiatives and suggest that police-led RMCs can address multilevel barriers to treatment engagement and minimize law enforcement stigma.

A Systems Engineering Approach to Incorporate ESG Risks and Opportunities in Early-Stage Mine Design and Planning

This study examines how ESG risks and opportunities can be systematically identified, assessed, and incorporated into the early-stage design and planning of natural resources projects. The focus for this study will be on the mining activities required to source the resources for the global decarbonization effort. The need for a framework to incorporate ESG risks and opportunities into the strategic mine planning process was first identified in the de Beers Sustainability Valuation Approach. The Social Value Capital Decision Model advanced by BHP represents an advance on the de Beers model. This is the first example of a structured methodology for systematically considering stakeholder values and incorporating these into the capital decision framework. To test the applicability of a new approach to mine design by using Quality Function Deployment (QFD), a case study involving a copper mine located in South America was developed. This case study demonstrates how QFD can provide clear line-of-sight to connect design decisions with priority stakeholder concerns. The framework provides a communications tool for aligning the ESG design process across functional silos within complex organizations. The development of appropriate software tools could assist in managing the inherent complexity associated with integrating stakeholder value concerns into early stage design decisions.

25 YEARS OF THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION POLICY (PNEA): A CASE STUDY ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FORMAL ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN THE DAILY SCHOOL LIFE OF 120 PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF CABO FRIO, RJ

Objective: The objective of this study is to carry out a critical analysis of the National Environmental Education Policy based on a Case Study with 120 Teachers who are in the classroom, in Public Schools of the Education Network in the Municipality of Cabo Frio, RJ, Brazil. Theoretical Reference: There are several theories and authors who research and write about EA. Historically, it can be said that the first person studied to describe and teach about AE was Raquel Carson, in her book “Silecious Spring” where she described the problems caused by pesticides. Subsequently, there were several international meetings that gave rise to treaties and guidelines on the predatory way in which man deals with the environment in his capitalist model of production. Among the multilateral documents signed by Brazil is the EA Treaty. Currently, we have in practice the EAF resulting from philosophical understandings arising from Federal Law No. 9,795/99 “the EA law”. In contrast to the traditional EA model, our main source of analysis is the theories of “Critical EA”, aimed at building knowledge, awareness, critical cognitions and autonomy of people in relation to their interaction with environmental goods in a sustainable and sustainable way. perennial. Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises exploratory field research. The technique used in the research was the “Case Study”. The quantitative method was used in the analysis of data obtained from the application of the field research instrument, namely: the questionnaire. Being applied to this statistical analysis. Each proposed question generated a table and a graph where the statistical percentages of the responses of the Teachers who answered the questionnaire are presented. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the results was then carried out. Results and Discussion: The results obtained confirm the hypotheses raised, as they demonstrate a lack in the training of undergraduates in undergraduate courses in relation to the EA theme, as well as an incipient and ineffective practice of formal EA in the daily lives of the Teachers surveyed. Implications of the Research: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are visible given the demonstration of a reality of the researched that is replicated throughout the education network of the researched municipality and possibly of Public School Teachers throughout the State of RJ. Originality/Value: This study significantly contributes to enriching the theory and practice of EAF, as it portrays the current scenario of teaching practice in relation to EAF in municipal schools with actuality and truth, demonstrating the obstacles, flaws and ways to be taken to make a constitutional right effective, namely the right to EA.

Levelized Cost and Carbon Intensity of Solar Hydrogen Production from Water Electrolysis Using a Scalable and Intrinsically Safe Photocatalytic Z-Scheme Raceway System

The realization of an environmentally sustainable and widely-adopted hydrogen economy may require lowering hydrogen production costs of production pathways with ultra-low greenhouse gas emissions to $1/kg H2. The allocation of new or existing renewable electricity generation solely to hydrogen production remains contentious due to disputes regarding emissions accounting. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen production technologies offer a unique solution, as hydrogen is produced directly from solar energy and water, without the need for electricity generation. However, cost projections for past photoelectrochemical designs have suggested that they are not cost competitive compared to conventional electrolysis systems manufactured at scale. Herein, we offer the first illustrative benchmark of cost and carbon intensity of hydrogen produced in a Type 2 Z-scheme photocatalytic reactor design that employs suspended semiconducting nanoparticles organized in two stacked baggies in a raceway design.To explore the near-term and future cost projection for hydrogen production via Type 2 photocatalytic Z-scheme raceways, the authors developed a bottom-up total installed capital cost model. This project cost model incorporates: 1) raceway reactor cost, derived from a Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) process-based cost model, 2) mechanical balance of plant, including process equipment, piping, valves, and instrumentation, derived from equipment quotes, scaling, database values, and Aspen estimates; 3) electrical balance of plant, including wiring, derived from time and material cost correlations; 4) Site Preparation, focused on green field installation; and 5) Construction Overhead, including engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) costs and project contingency. The capital cost model is fed into a Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) discounted cash flow model that accounts for electricity and water consumption, in addition to other operating costs, including labor, maintenance, and raceway replacements.A hybrid life-cycle approach was used to develop an inventory of greenhouse gas emissions from all materials and energy flows associated with the facility life cycle. These flows are converted to emissions based on specific emission factors, or by using physical units-based input–output LCA models associated with the broader economic impacts of fuel and materials production, use, and end use.Estimates for levelized cost of hydrogen suggest that a 50 metric ton H2 per day (MTD) raceway plant can approach $2.50/kg H2 at an 8% solar-to-hydrogen efficiency with further cost improvements possible through increased performance and larger plant scales. Carbon intensity is estimated to be well under clean hydrogen targets for global warming potential of <2-4 kg CO2e/kg H2 produced. The results suggest a highly competitive and scalable technology, that justifies further experimental validation and prototyping in the field. Figure 1

Patient experience with hospital care following the Maryland global budget revenue model: A difference-in-difference analysis.

As a result of the success of Maryland's full risk capitated payment model experiment (Global Budget Revenue) in constraining healthcare costs, there is momentum for expanding the reach of such models. However, as these models are implemented, studies analyzing their long-term effects suggest unintended spillover effects that may ultimately influence patient experiences. The aim of this study was to determine whether implementation of the GBR was associated with changes in patient experience. Cross-sectional study using a difference-in-difference analysis to examine changes in patient experiences according to the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) domains before and after implementation of the GBR model. Acute care hospitals from 2010-2016 with completed HCAHPS surveys were included. Hospitals identified for inclusion were then matched, based on county location, to area level characteristics using the Area Health Resource File. A total of 844 hospitals were included. Compared to hospitals in non-GBR states, hospitals in GBR states experienced significant declines in the following HCAHPS domains: "would definitely recommend the hospital to others" [Average treatment effect (ATT) = -1.19, 95% CI = -1.97, -0.41)] and 9-10 rating of the hospital (ATT = -0.93, 95% CI = -1.71, -0.15). Results also showed significant increases in the HCAHPS domains: "if patient's rooms and bathroom were always kept clean" (ATT = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.20, 2.00). There were no significant differences in changes for the other domains, including no improvements in: nursing communication, doctor communication, help from hospital staff, pain control, communication on medicines, discharge information, and quietness of the patient environment. These findings suggest there should be efforts made to ascertain and mitigate potential adverse effects of care transformation initiatives on patient experience. Patients are stakeholders and their inputs should be sought and incorporated in care transformation efforts to ensure that these models align with improved patient experiences.

Running a mainstream revolutionary newspaper: Guangdong Qunbao and socialist propaganda in 1920s South China

ABSTRACT Revolutionary newspapers and periodicals have generally taken a confrontational stance towards the established power and the dominant ideology. In this sense, Guangdong Qunbao (The Social), the first daily newspaper run by the Chinese Communist Party in the early 1920s, was an interesting exception. From the beginning, its founders strove to strike a balance between becoming an influential mainstream newspaper and committing to revolutionary propaganda. This article examines its cultural strategies for the cultivation of socialist culture and explores how Qunbao engaged with the existing local cultures and developed a nuanced approach to socialist propaganda. It argues that, although the Qunbao’s editors hoped to promote a new ideology that was at odds with the prevailing ones, they did not rebel against the mainstream media; instead, they followed the model of modern print capitalism and creatively exploited indigenous cultural forms for the sake of socialist propaganda.

The extended Grossman human capital model with endogenous demand for knowledge

This paper extends the Grossman human capital model by including endogenous demand for knowledge capital. Human capital investment behavior is modeled from the start of a person's life rather than only after she has acquired the optimal stock of knowledge capital or reached the mandatory schooling age. The general condition for the optimal knowledge capital stock and the optimal health capital stock is derived, and the conditions for an individual's choices of interior and corner solutions for learning time that increases knowledge capital stock are presented. The extended Grossman human capital model provides a theoretical basis for explaining and predicting the effects of economic conditions on educational attainment from a distinctive perspective based on the joint determination of health capital and knowledge capital.

A comparative analysis on how much individuals are left behind in the former state socialist countries of the European Union

This paper examines the extent to which individuals from the former state socialist countries of the EU’s Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries have been left behind compared to the rest of EU individuals from Western European (WE) countries and across countries within the CEE bloc. To this end, a fuzzy approach is applied to a multidimensional setting made up of income, material deprivation, and work intensity to measure the ‘Leaving no one behind’ (LNOB) principle of the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. A certain process of convergence is found between both blocs of countries over the period 2007–2019 due to a decrease in the level individuals were left behind in the CEE countries, as well as an increase in the level individuals were left behind in the WE countries in the years following the 2007–2008 financial crisis. Significant cross-country disparities in the degree individuals lag behind are also revealed among the CEE countries related to the different models of post-socialist capitalism established in these countries and their subsequent development after joining the EU.

Motivating Chinese Students in UK Higher Education Through Constructivism to Help Improve Their Employability

Many studies have shown the enhancement of competitive advantage is one of the main reasons Chinese students study in the UK, but most of them do not have clear career goals, and the demand of the labour market have become stringent. In this context, Chinese students need to be helped to carefully assess and reflect on their employability during their studies. The Graduate Capital Model, which categorises the skills that graduates need to acquire into five capitals; Constructivism, a theory that promotes student autonomous learning and co-operative learning, has been effective in helping Chinese students to develop a sense of reflection and improved employability. This study explores the importance of employability and Constructivism through a literature review and research comparison; and discusses the combined application of Constructivism and the Graduate Capital Model in practice. To provide Chinese students and UK universities and educators with the opportunity to think more creatively about learning and teaching, rather than continually following previous experiences.

The Future of the Civilization of the Ummah Is Reviewed from the Sociology of Education for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG'S)

Objective: The ancient Arab economy developed in the second half of the first millennium BC. Its glory peaked in the first century until the early second century AD, with trade routes to North Arabia and Syria. Nabataean kingdom in North Arabia was established, with two major cities as trading centers: Petra, and Palmyra. using the sociological perspective of education and commercialization theory, the ancient Arab economy has a mode of merchant capitalism. Theoretical Framework: Ancient Arab trading capitalism revived in the pre-Islamic Arab period, from the end of the fourth century AD. Mecca became the center of international trade, side by side with Yathrib and Taif. Two types of markets were born, the inner market and the outer market. New institutions related to culture, politics, and economy were established, including the division of labor institutions and institutions that regulate traders' interaction from inside and outside Makkah. Method: This research uses an interpretative paradigm with a qualitative approach, case study type, and multicase design. Data were collected using observation, interviews, and documentation. Data validity using triangulation of sources, methods, and theories. Next, an interactive model analysis is carried out. The research object was carried out in the Yogyakarta and Surakarta regions of Indonesia. Results and Discussion: Merchant capitalism during the early Islamic era underwent characteristic changes, similar to social capitalism. Referred to as Religious Capitalism, because its inspiration comes from religious teachings. The state regulates the market: the prohibition of exaggerating the quality of goods, bidding new prices, intercepting goods before they reach the market, hoarding goods, and silent trading. State revenues have also increased, including spoils of war, income from the agricultural and industrial sectors, kharaj, endowments, 'ushr, jizya, redemption money, loans, alms, and gifts. The state is involved in public affairs, for example by establishing the Diwan. Research Implications: The reconstruction of Islamic civilization should follow the model of Religious Capitalism, which is one of the main legacies of the early Islamic period. Social capitalism is also gaining momentum. Apart from that, a development model with a mode of peaceful revolution is also proposed: dialogue and cooperation with the dominant civilization. The geopolitics of the world are also shifting. Originality/Value: Three technical requirements are needed, namely political democracy, economic cooperation, and active participation in global institutions. The main attention is directed to the development of knowledge and science, with critical and conventional madzab models.

Children’s time allocation and the socioeconomic gap in human capital

Children’s time investments in various activities may be important for reducing socioeconomic status (SES) gaps in educational and mental health outcomes. Using detailed time use diaries of Australian children aged 4–14, we observe that children from low SES backgrounds spend more time on digital media and less time on out-of-school enrichment activities, organised or for leisure. We explain the SES gap by employing a human capital development panel model and find that this difference contributes about 3% to the observed SES gap in numeracy skills. The results are supported by exogeneity tests and numerous robustness checks. The contribution is larger for males, older age groups, and if the cumulative effect on learning is considered. No clear results are found for literacy skills and mental health outcomes. The findings imply that interventions promoting a shift away from digital media towards out-of-school enrichment activities could help reduce the SES gap in human capital.

A footloose capital model of economic development

AbstractWe present a footloose capital model in a two‐country economy and the manufacturing and natural resource sectors with heterogeneous manufacturing firms to analyze the impacts of trade liberalization and technological progress on the net capital flows, net export, and social welfare. Our main analytical result is that a lagged country initially experiences capital outflow due to the high technological gap in the manufacturing sector with increasing returns to scale, then capital inflow due to the home market effect. This corresponds with the fact that China was a net importer of manufactured goods initially, and became a net exporter recently. These results are consistent with the data obtained after the reform and opening‐up policy in 1978.

Intellectual capital and firm performance of Jordanian financial institutions

This study aims to explore the financial implications of intellectual capital in the Jordanian financial sector during the period 2009–2018. It uses Pulic’s (2004) value-added intellectual capital model, particularly capital employed efficiency, structural capital efficiency, and human capital efficiency, and tests its potential effect on firm financial performance measures, including return on assets, return on equity, asset utilization ratio, and Tobin’s Q. The study’s findings demonstrate that value-added intellectual capital positively influences the financial performance of Jordanian financial companies. Value-added intellectual capital is not found to have a significant impact on productivity, but it is strongly and positively related to firm profitability and market value. As for the main components of value-added intellectual capital, human capital efficiency has a significantly positive impact on a company’s performance, but regarding structural capital efficiency, the outcomes vary depending on the measure of firm performance. Notably, when firms are categorized into sub-industries (banks, insurance companies, and financial service companies), it is found that the profitability of insurance companies is more affected by intellectual capital than that of banks or financial services. The results also show that investors place great importance on the efficiency of intellectual capital, particularly within the banking industry. Furthermore, implementing Shariah compliance standards boosts the positive effect of structural capital efficiency on corporate market value and reinforces the positive influence of human capital efficiency on productivity.

Differentials in Countries’ Total Factor Productivity and the Factors Influencing Them

The diminishing potential for enhancing productive resources in order to sustain economic growth demands greater emphasis on how efficiently they are used as measured by total factor productivity (TFP). Long-term trends, differences between countries, and macro-level factors were assessed using qualitative and quantitative analysis of economic and financial indicators for a sample of 74 countries from 1978 to 2022. The article confirms that Russia and most other countries have been experiencing a steady downturn in total factor productivity. In some cases, productivity has been falling since the 2008 global financial crisis because key factors changed in the post-crisis period. In particular, growth of TFP has become correlated with increasing fixed investment, a high level of domestic financial development and protection of property rights, and limitation of state intervention in the economy, as well as with following a model of capitalism that allows for a moderate level of state ownership. Those developing countries of Central and Eastern Europe that have consistently implemented market-oriented reforms have also been able to sustain growth. The increasing importance of highly country-specific variables suggests that countries are trying to make greater use of domestic economic policies to support TFP growth and thus counteract the global productivity decline observed by many economists. Although individual countries may succeed in maintaining their growth, such measures are not sufficient to prevent a global slowdown.

Data-driven natural capital accounting model in Indonesia: Impacts of environmentally related economic activities on ecological processes and services

In this study, natural capital accounting (NCA) is enhanced by constructing a data-driven hierarchical model that can help improve policy decision-making. NCA enables the management and transparency of natural capital and ecological processes and services, resulting in better societal activities and well-being in Indonesia's regions; however, it does not account for environmentally related economic activities that may negatively influence natural capital, processes and services. In this study, a data-driven approach is used to address this issue. Valid attributes are identified, and a thorough NCA hierarchical model that incorporates synchronized accounting on ecology, environment-related economic activities and societal well-being is developed. This approach utilizes content and bibliographic analyses, the entropy weighted method (EWM) and the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM), which are used to validate the data-driven NCA measurements. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is utilized to cluster the measurements and assess their reliability. The fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (FDEMATEL) is used to construct the NCA hierarchical structure by considering the cause-and-effect interrelationships among attributes. The valid prioritized attributes are determined, and a hierarchical structure is built to support government decision-making processes. The findings suggest that water resource accounting, forestry production, raw material extraction, resource allocation management and resource consumption management are the criteria that fluctuate the most for practitioners and governments.

A human capital simulation model in innovation projects

The main aspects of three concepts––human capital, innovation projects, and simulation modeling––are considered, and a simulation model is proposed to describe the role of human capital in innovation projects. This high-level abstraction model is intended to study the role of the social component in the organizational structure of an innovation project in a general context (at the level of an economic sector, an enterprise, or part of an enterprise). It is treated primarily as a tool for tracking the dynamics of projects considering the state of human capital of the system. The model consists of two main components, namely, a basic simulation model in system dynamics terms and an agent-based component of the model describing human capital dynamics. The model is a conceptual tool that requires calibration and refinement when being implemented in a particular organization.

Contradictions between Capitalism and Sustainable Human Development: Where is the 2030 Agenda Headed?

ABSTRACT This article aims to analyse the basic premises of the theory of sustainable human development as it is based on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and contrast it with the theoretical and political proposals of capitalism. With this purpose, in the first place, the work studies the central elements of development theory, as well as the basic premises that support the capitalist model. Secondly, the article compares the essential contradictions between both theoretical proposals, as well as the invisibility of these contradictions in the 2030 Agenda. The article concludes that the foundational ideas of capitalism, as well as the policies derived from these conceptions, are essentially opposed to the theory and practice of sustainable human development and that this is the real limit to advance in the 2030 Agenda.

Implementing the multiple capitals model in integrated reporting: insight from a case study

PurposeThis study aims to explore the process of identifying and defining multiple capitals in the integrated report (IR) of a government-owned tourism company.Design/methodology/approachInterventionist research was conducted using a case study design. The researcher was directly involved in developing the first IR of Zètema, a heritage and tourism company owned by the Municipality of Rome. The research team analyzed internal reports, business model (BM), strategic plan and marketing plan, and collected data through semistructured interviews and participation in company meetings.FindingsA template based on a step-by-step deductive process to select and define relevant capitals was derived. Following this process, an appropriate form of capital emerged: “cultural capital”. Furthermore, this study emphasizes a novel awareness of the different meanings that capitals can assume as inputs and outcomes of a BM.Originality/valueThis study meets the demand for empirical research that investigates real information in integrated reports intended for those for whom value is created. Thus, the paper contributes to the existing knowledge on integrated reporting by examining the partially explored concept of capital, particularly its identification process. Furthermore, this study provides support to preparers of integrated reports by defining a conceptual reference model for the disclosure of significant capitals and underlining the importance of distinguishing capitals as input or outcome.