Capitalist Economic System Research Articles

A study of Public Control and Corporate Governance mechanisms of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in Singapore

In the decades following its independence, Singapore experienced a transformative time of rapid economic development. Professor Miyuki Nakamura, who is based at the Faculty of Business Administration, Soka University in Japan, is investigating the unique factors that enabled Singapore to flourish. She is focusing on the strategic role of Temasek, which transformed itself from a company with a holding function to a successful sovereign wealth fund (SWF) through privatisation and a change in its investment strategy. She is shedding light on the company’s transformation, its role in Singapore’s economy and the insights this can provide. At present, she is looking at the relationship between control and ownership within public corporations, which involves an examination of the governance structure of Temasek. She is also exploring the broader government initiative that enabled the formation of a corporate state under Temasek’s control. She will shed light on Singapore’s unique capitalist economic system by analysing the relationship between the free economic system and Singaporean-style authoritarian politics and the mechanisms that transformed it into state capitalism. A key part of the research is securities finance and corporate governance theory and how they can shape the performance and strategy of companies. In one comparative economic research project, Nakamura investigated the structure of Singapore’s economic system from an evolving perspective of previous research. This involved comparative research with researchers specialising in the economies of Russia (Dr Vitor Gorshkov from the University of Niigata Prefecture), China (Dr Takuma Kobayashi from Matsuyama University) and Germany (Dr Mihoko Satogami from Soka University).

Conceptualizing a Multi-Theoretical Model for Understanding Climate Change Impacts on Youth Mental Health

Abstract Climate change is producing increasingly frequent and severe weather events, and the impact of these hazards on youth mental health, particularly among black, indigenous, youth of color, and those living in poverty, is becoming clear. This paper seeks to contribute to the growing literature on this topic by integrating theories of stress and coping, place attachment, ontological security, chronic stress, allostatic load, toxic stress, slow violence, and Critical Race Theory (CRT), concluding with an analysis of youth coping responses to climate change. Guided by this framework, I contend that climate change is a form of slow violence against youth, the historical roots of which must be understood within the context of racism and the ongoing impact of colonization and a capitalist economic system, and which continues to harm young people through disruption of attachment to place, protective caregiver qualities, and ontological security, leading to embodied expressions of allostatic load, including distressing mental health reactions. In doing so, I aim to highlight the necessity of acknowledging and attending to the interdependence between human beings and the surrounding built and natural world as a key aspect of understanding, exploring, and responding to youth mental health reactions to climate change. This, in turn, informs the research questions I aim to explore in future work, and, longer-term, the development of relevant clinical interventions, all of which will center on supporting youth in coping with climate change.

ISLAM DAN KAPITALISME

This article aims to distill the positive dimensions of capitalism through the spiritual culture of Pancasila which is the basis of the values ​​of the Indonesian. This qualitative research uses a descriptive analysis approach. Data was collected from related literature. Data were reviewed critically and presented narratively. Research findings show that the identity of Indonesia is a spiritual culture that is in line with the values ​​of Pancasila. This identity which is the identity of the nation can be a filtering mechanism for everything that comes from outside, including the capitalist economic system. This system cannot be rejected permanently because many of its dimensions contain positive values ​​that can improve the economic level of society. For this reason, the capital system needs to be studied critically. This critical study mechanism can be taken from the spirit of the Al-Hikmah Al-Muta'alliyah philosophy which was initiated by a Muslim philosopher named Mulla Sadra. The philosopher's way of studying critically and adopting it systematically so as to form a different identity within the flow of Islamic philosophy can be an inspiration for how to study capitalism critically and take its positive dimensions in advancing the economy of Indonesian society.

Evoking Brecht’s A Worker’s Speech to a Doctor: developing clinical skills, deepening understanding and promoting action on living and working conditions, or mobilisation for system reform or transformation?

Bertolt Brecht’s 1938 poem ‘A Worker’s Speech to a Doctor’ has been used by health educators to direct attention to the health-threatening effects of adverse living and working conditions. However,...

The Limitations of Social Reproduction Theory in Explaining Social Unpaid Work in the Global South

This paper defines and explores the concept of social reproduction work, highlighting its significance and the fact that women are its primary contributors. It identifies key social issues faced by social reproduction workers, including marginalization, neglect, and unequal access to resources. Additionally, the study examines the primary challenges encountered by these workers: the lack of direct economic benefits, difficulty in balancing work and family responsibilities, and the significant physical and mental strain associated with unpaid labor. Using the theoretical framework of the capitalist economic system, the paper delves into the root causes of the caregiving crisis. Furthermore, it critiques the applicability of reproduction work theories in explaining unpaid care work in the Global South. Three key limitations are outlined: the neglect of informal economic systems in the Global South, persistent gender inequality, and the dynamic nature of global economic migration.

Analysing How Marxist Theory May Transform Papua New Guinea's Economy

This present research proposes that the use of Marxist theory could potentially act as a catalyst in assisting PNG's economic revitalization. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the core tenets of Marxist economic theory, including the concept of surplus value, with an examination of the historical roots and current condition of capitalism in PNG. This paper aims to thoroughly analyse the economic challenges faced by PNG, a consequence of previous colonial powers' imposition of a capitalist economic system. The ensuing argument asserts that the elimination of capitalism is crucial, and the best strategic approach would include a socialist revolution that would progressively transition into communism. Even though some parts of Marxist ideology can be utopian, especially when it comes to PNG, we argue that the achievement of communalism before colonialism can help socialism and communism come to life in the long run

The Role of Islamic Education in Reducing Socio-Economic Inequality in Society

Social and economic inequality is a significant global challenge, including in Indonesia, encompassing the economy, education, health, and employment opportunities. The dominant capitalist economic system often exacerbates inequality, benefiting the already prosperous and harming the less fortunate.The policy of eradicating socio-economic inequality through education includes individual freedom to develop their abilities, equal access to education and protection for women in rural areas, and active participation of local governments in social equality. Sharia-based economic education is a concrete solution that teaches the principles of a just and sustainable economy, and instills important moral values.With the right collaboration between education and policy, it is hoped that social and economic inequality can be significantly reduced, creating a more just and prosperous society.

THE CONCEPT OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY IN ISLAMIC MACROECONOMICS ACCORDING TO MUHAMMAD NEJATULLAH SIDDIQI

This paper is motivated by the emergence of economic problems and Islamic economic thought revived, especially after fiqh scholars and scholars in other fields of science realized that the Islamic world was lagging behind the Western world. In development, especially in modern times, fiqh scholars have a strong tendency to see various differences of opinion from various fiqh madhhabs as a unit that is not separated. Nevertheless, the difference in principles between Islamic economic figures is increasingly unstoppable in the midst of the rapid flow of the world's major ideologies, namely the economic system of Capitalism and Socialism. It is related to the emergence of economic problems, and the differences of madhhab in Islamic economic circles. Mainstream madhhab argues that overall, there is no gap between the amount of economic resources and human needs, meaning that there is a balance. This madhhab agrees that economic problems arise because of limited resources and are faced with unlimited human desires. The purpose of this paper is to understand Islamic economic thought in all its forms, to examine the concept of demand and supply of two activities that underlie economic activities, for example, the total demand and supply of rice around the world is at the equilibrium point. However, if we talk about a specific place and time, then it is very likely that there will be a scarcity of resources. This research is qualitative-research. The type of research is literature by exploring and comparing the thoughts of contemporary Islamic economic figure Muhammad Nejatullah Siddiqi. The results of this mainstream madhhab research give the most color in the discourse of Islamic economics today, so that this madhhab has no difference between conventional economics and Islamic economics. The difference is only in the mechanism for solving economic problems which according to mainstream madhhab must refer to the Qur'an and As-Sunnah.

Property Rights In The Perspective Of The Qur'an (A Comparison Of Ownership In The Capitalist, Socialist And Islamic Economic Systems)

Islamic views on property ownership depart from the notion that individuals have an innate desire to possess property (fithrah), as Islamic societies depend on other people to function. The riches or money that Allah SWT has bestowed upon this universe is a gift to humanity and should be used as efficiently as possible to ensure everyone's financial security. One topic covered in economics classes, including socialism, capitalist, and Islamic economics, is ownership rights. Ownership rights are determined by certain characteristics of each economic system. The number of assets (goods and services) that can be owned is limited under a socialist economy, but the method of acquisition (quality) remains unconstrained. This suggests that you can distribute it in whatever way you want. Meanwhile, the capitalist economic system views property ownership as unlimited, both in terms of quantity and quality; that is, any kind of property ownership is acceptable as long as it does not restrict the freedom of others. Islam acknowledges, but does not fully give, the right of humans to own the materials they use for production and consumption, in contrast to socialism and capitalist economic systems.

Women’s economic underdevelopment in Pakistan: The intersection of gender and female labour force participation

BACKGROUND: Women’s low economic participation in Pakistan and even lower in the formal sector is a perpetual phenomenon leading to their underdevelopment, which has microeconomic and macroeconomic implications. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the nature of women’s work and the intersection of their non-market and market activities at micro, meso, and macro levels which influences women’s chances and choices of decent economic participation. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the interdependence of women’s market and non-market work to explore how gender intersects with their economic autonomy. METHODS: Using qualitative approach, in-depth interviews of 30 purposely selected respondents from the informal sector were thematically analysed. RESULTS: Results indicated that the interdependence of women’s non-market and market work is the outcome of the gendered dichotomy that creates work-life conflict to create women’s economic dependence and male hegemony. Moreover, although a common phenomenon, women from underprivileged backgrounds are more likely to bear the brunt of systemic deprivation leading to economic underdevelopment. CONCLUSIONS: Pakistan’s inherently masculinised society and economy mutually benefit from women’s unpaid and informal work. Facilitated through gender norms, the patriarchal social ideology and the capitalist economic system collaborate to exploit women and their work in both domains.

Women’s economic underdevelopment in Pakistan: The intersection of gender and female labour force participation

BACKGROUND: Women’s low economic participation in Pakistan and even lower in the formal sector is a perpetual phenomenon leading to their underdevelopment, which has microeconomic and macroeconomic implications. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the nature of women’s work and the intersection of their non-market and market activities at micro, meso, and macro levels which influences women’s chances and choices of decent economic participation. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the interdependence of women’s market and non-market work to explore how gender intersects with their economic autonomy. METHODS: Using qualitative approach, in-depth interviews of 30 purposely selected respondents from the informal sector were thematically analysed. RESULTS: Results indicated that the interdependence of women’s non-market and market work is the outcome of the gendered dichotomy that creates work-life conflict to create women’s economic dependence and male hegemony. Moreover, although a common phenomenon, women from underprivileged backgrounds are more likely to bear the brunt of systemic deprivation leading to economic underdevelopment. CONCLUSIONS: Pakistan’s inherently masculinised society and economy mutually benefit from women’s unpaid and informal work. Facilitated through gender norms, the patriarchal social ideology and the capitalist economic system collaborate to exploit women and their work in both domains.

Alternative organization without vertical hierarchies of spatial scale?

Vertical hierarchies of spatial scale—where society in general, and organizations in particular, are differentiated into levels of spatial size—have often been criticized by those encouraging alternatives to capitalist organizing. These vertical scalings are said to promote authoritarianism, a monolithic capitalist economic system, uneven concentrations of social and organizational power and wealth, and ecologically destructive organizational growth. Consequently, so the argument goes, alternative organizing must scale horizontally whereby smaller organizations autonomously associate together into loose networks or federations. The aim of this contribution is to problematize such critiques of vertical hierarchies of scaling for alternative organization. To do so, I combine Management and Organization Studies (MOS) scholarship on scaling alternative organization with two theorizations of the politics of scale in human geography—namely those derived from Neo-Marxist Political Economy and Actor-Network Theories. My argument is that all those looking to understand and encourage the scaling of alternatives to capitalist organizing should engage with and not simply reject vertical scalar hierarchies.

Economic Understanding of Society: A Comparison of Marx and Weber

This paper explores the economic understanding of society through a comparative analysis of Karl Marx and Max Weber, two foundational figures in sociology. Marx’s theory of historical materialism posits that economic structures, comprising the forces and relations of production, fundamentally determine societal organization and development. His model emphasizes the primacy of the economic base in shaping the superstructure, which includes culture, politics, and ideology. Marx's perspective on capitalism focuses on class struggle, exploitation, and the transformative potential of revolutionary change. In contrast, Weber offers a multidimensional approach that incorporates cultural and ideological factors into the analysis of capitalism. His concept of the "Protestant Ethic" illustrates how religious values influenced the development of capitalist economic systems, while his broader framework of rationalization and bureaucracy highlights the complex interplay between economic and non-economic elements in modern society. Weber’s view of social stratification as a combination of class, status, and party further contrasts with Marx’s more economically centered analysis. This comparative study reveals the distinct methodologies and conceptual frameworks of Marx and Weber, enriching the understanding of economic structures and their implications for social organization and change.

Lively commodities and endemic diseases: Shifting commodity situations and nonhuman disability in cattle and sheep on UK farms

Lively commodities and endemic diseases: Shifting commodity situations and nonhuman disability in cattle and sheep on UK farms

Análisis de la Conceptualización Salud-Trabajo

When talking about health and work, it is important to recognise the different approaches to these concepts in order to reach a point of convergence. From the Latin American perspective, health comprises safe living conditions for the individual, although historically it has a social and politically controversial character; likewise, health is influenced by culture, making man constantly adapt to the environment. Regarding work, it is a component of economic production which, from a social perspective, is understood as the determinant in the distribution and access to resources; it also has a political/economic focus, being work a social construction impregnated with power, and culturally it is the human activity that allows the construction of useful elements for life. A search of natural terms: health, work, occupation, concepts, was carried out in different databases, carrying out a conceptual analysis and generating a reflection on the health-work relationship. The results propose an approach to this relationship, approaching the concepts from historical, theoretical, political and cultural approaches. In conclusion, analysing these theoretical approaches favours the understanding of the health-work relationship as a complex social phenomenon within the framework of a capitalist economic and social system.

The Land of Canaan or Another Inferno? North Korean Migrant Discontent in Neo-liberal South Korean Society

Understanding North Korean migrant experiences in South Korea is essential not only for advancing the topic of marginalization of newcomers, but also because it reveals elements of the capitalist economic system overlooked by those who simply emphasize the importance of unification and integration of the new migrants. To assess the life satisfaction of North Korean people in South Korea, this mixed-methods paper draws on fifty in-depth interviews and participant observation with North Korean communities conducted by the author in Seoul from 2013 to 2017, surveys of around 2,000 people from the Korea Hana Foundation, along with an additional survey of 120 North Korean settlers in 2019. This study illustrates the various emotional difficulties experienced by North Korean settlers, especially due to the current socio-economic system in South Korea entailing extreme competition in many areas of society.

Promoting social justice in the capitalist academy? Health equity and the Johns Hopkins University Michael Bloomberg School of Public Health

The past two decades have seen increasing mentions of health equity and the importance of addressing the social determinants of health in USA public health statements. Yet, there is little uptake of these concepts into USA public policy. We see this, in part, as being due to the unwillingness of the USA public health community – including its network of Masters of Public Health Programs – to address the fundamental cause of health inequities: the United States’ capitalist economic system which skews the distribution of the social determinants of health in favour of the wealthy and powerful. We illustrate this reluctance by examining how the Bloomberg School of Public Health of Johns Hopkins University conceptualises the promotion of health equity through its International Declaration of Health Rights. Nothing in the Declaration considers how the economic system threatens health yet it is presented as a model for public health education. We review its shortcomings and show how revision to it is unlikely since the School is endowed by its namesake billionaire Michael Bloomberg who has denounced any attempts at redistributing wealth and income in the service of public health. Evidence of how public health messaging is already shaped by powerful economic interests embedded within the United States’ capitalist system substantiates concerns that have been raised about such branding and its effects on public health discourse and action.

As contribuições do debate sobre desenvolvimento e dependência na América Latina

The present text aims to discuss the contributions of dependency theories to the critique of the capitalist economic system and to Latin American social thought, by rescuing and distinguishing the two main strands: Marxist Dependency Theory (MDT) and the Theory of Associated Development by Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Enzo Faletto. Firstly, the emergence of dependency theories will be historically contextualized, as well as the debates surrounding them. Next, the Marxist approach to dependency and that of associated development will be contrasted. Finally, it will be possible to highlight the contributions and limitations of these strands in thinking about the condition of Latin American dependency.

Normativ muslimsk ekoteologi

Many Muslim theologians have been engaged in the debate over environmental destruction, global warming, and humanity's role in the emission of greenhouse gases threating the Earth, humanity, and all animal and plant life. One element of the debate in the West has been the role played by Christianity in the environmental and climate crisis. The Christian creation theology, which elevates human beings to lords of creation with sovereignity over the Earth, has been a prominent target of criticism. Its perspective has been accused of conferring legitimacy upon humanity's plundering of nature. A similar viewpoint can be found in the Islamic creation theology, which presents human beings as the supreme creation in whose service God has created everything under the heavens. Muslim ecotheologians reject any criticism of the Islamic creation theology as a contributing factor to the environmental and climate crisis. Rather, they seek the root of these problems in the Western worldview and its anthropocentrism and individualism. Furthermore, the criticism is directed at Cartesian deism, industrialism, colonialism, the capitalist economic system, and, last but not least, the European model's claim to universalism. These are identified as the most important factors that have laid the foundation for a destructive impact on the environment and climate.

Wealth inequality and economic growth: Evidence from the US and France

Wealth inequality and economic growth: Evidence from the US and France