Capital Variables Research Articles

THE EFFECT OF CAPITAL EXPENDITURE, ENVIRONMENTAL PERFOMANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, INSTITUTIONAL OWNERSHIP AND INDEPENDENT BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS ON CARBON EMISSION DISCLOSURE

<p><strong>Background</strong>: Climate change is a serious global threat. Indonesia has an important role in mitigation efforts. To address this issue, a joint effort is needed from the government, companies, and communities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, encourage sustainable business practices, and raise awareness of the importance of protecting the environment.</p><p><strong>Objective</strong>: This study aims to test the influence of capital expenditure, environmental performance, environmental management system, institutional ownership, and independent board of commissioners on carbon emission disclosure.</p><p><strong>Research Methods</strong>: This study uses secondary data from annual reports and sustainability reports of non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2019-2023 with a total of 105 data selected through a purposive sampling method. The analysis method used to test the hypothesis is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 29.</p><p><strong>Research Result</strong>: The results of this study indicate that environmental performance and environmental management system have a significant positive effect on carbon emission disclosure. While capital expenditure, institutional ownership, and independent board of commissioners do not affect carbon emission disclosure.</p><p><strong>Authenticity/Novelty of Research</strong>: This study can contribute to additional literature related to research on carbon emission disclosure in non-financial companies in Indonesia which is still rarely studied. This study also re-evaluates the capital expenditure variable which still has different findings in previous studies and is considered relevant to the company's real actions in reducing environmental impacts and increasing carbon emission transparency.</p><p> </p>

The Influence of Capital Structure on the Financial Performance of Listed Industrial Goods Companies in Nigeria

The study examined capital structure and its influence on the financial performance of selected listed goods in Nigeria between 2014 and 2023. Capital structure is used to determine how firms mix their equity and debt in financing its business operations to boost financial performance. The ex-post facto research design was employed for the study and the data used were extracted from the annual reports and accounts of three (3) purposively selected industrial goods firms in Nigeria in the NGX; Dangote Cement PLC, Lafarge Africa PLC and BUA Cement PLC. The panel data was utilized to analyze the data to determine the relationship between capital structure variables and financial performance. The findings from the study showed that a higher equity ratio significantly improved financial performance; and a higher debt ratio equally impacted on the financial performance positively. Conversely, the debt-to-equity ratio did not significantly affect the financial performance and was negative in the fixed effect model. However, it was recommended that firms should optimize equity finance, manage debt level efficiently and re-evaluate debt-to-equity ratio policies to prevent its adverse effect on financial performance.

An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Cash Flow, Stock Returns, and Capital Structure on Investment Decisions in Cigarette Sub-Sector Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

Aims: This study aims to determine the effect of Cash Flow (CF), Stock Returns (SR) and Capital Structure (CS) on Investment Decisions (ID) in cigarette sub-sector manufacturing companies on IDX. Study Design: The method used is an associative method with a quantitative approach. Place and Duration of Study: Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2020 to 2024. Methodology: The population in the study, namely the financial statements of cigarette sub-sector manufacturing companies that have gone public. The number of samples in this study from 5 companies for 5 years using a purposive sampling approach. The type of data used in this study is secondary data using financial statement data for the period 2020-2024. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression using SPSS. Results: Sig. value of influence between cash flow toward investment decisions is 0.004 with beta coefficient value of -5.109. It means that the influence of cash flow toward investment decisions is accepted. Furthermore, the Sig. value of the effect between capital structure on investment decisions is 0.010 with a beta coefficient value of -10.421. This provides information that the effect of stock return variables on investment decisions is accepted. However, the Sig. value of the effect between stock returns on investment decisions is 0.547 with a beta coefficient value of 1.105. This indicates that the effect of stock return variables on investment decisions cannot be accepted. Conclusion: The results showed that cash flow (X1) had a significant effect on investment decisions, stock returns (X2) had no significant effect on investment decisions, capital structure (X3) had a significant effect on investment decisions. Simultaneously, the cash flow, stock return and capital structure variables have a significant effect on investment decisions in cigarette sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2020-2024.

Women Entrepreneurs and Changing Social Structure of KSA

The effectiveness of enterprises operated by women was a major focus of earlier studies on women entrepreneurs. However, this study examines variables influencing Indian women’s propensity for entrepreneurship through social capital and cognitive perspective. This research aims to steer the understanding of women entrepreneurs at a niche level. Many different theories have been proposed to explain the elements impacting women’s entrepreneurship. These approaches have, however, faced criticism for methodological, conceptual and predictive strength flaws. The explanation of entrepreneurship has recently shifted to include cognitive and social capital views. For this, the Adult Population Survey (APS), created and sponsored by the Indian team of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), has been used to gather data from 1,305 women from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Given that the dependent variable is binary, the data were analysed using logistic regression. The findings indicate that women’s proclivity for entrepreneurship is influenced by perception regarding starting a business. We examined two factors, cognitive and social capital, where perceived capability and opportunity perception significantly influence women’s propensity to entrepreneurship whilst risk perception hinders it. Additionally, social networks and informal investment encourage, but the entrepreneurial propensity of women of KSA who have financed other businesses stands to be negative. This prompts entrepreneurship researchers to examine the factors responsible for mobilizing and inhibiting entrepreneurial initiatives among women, reasserting entrepreneurial attitude in the existing literature and studying the cognitive and social capital variables in an integrated framework. This article provides, insights for policymakers to formulate effective policies supports women’s initiatives and their decision to start a business. It is one of the pioneering initiatives that demonstrate social capital and cognitive variables affect women’s likelihood of entrepreneurship in Saidi Arabia’s evolving social environment.

Pengaruh Karakteristik Perusahaan terhadap Tax Avoidance pada Perusahaan BUMN Sektor Transportasi 2018 - 2022

This research aims to analyze the influence of company characteristics which are proxied through the variables leverage, size, profitability and capital intensity on the tax avoidance variable in state-owned companies in the transportation industry. In this study, the data used by the researcher to carry out in-depth analysis and testing was obtained through secondary data collected by the researcher from the financial reports of state-owned companies in the transportation industry in the period 2018 to 2022. The sample used by the researcher used the purposive sampling method which has been used. determined and collected as many as 44 companies whose criteria had been determined by researchers. The results of this research show that the leverage, size and capital intensity variables have no influence on tax avoidance, while the ROA and ROE variables have a significant influence on tax avoidance. The novelty offered in this research is that researchers tested tax avoidance practices through several variables that have been determined in the transportation sector in government-owned companies, in this case BUMN, which is one type of industry that often escapes public scrutiny, so this is quite interesting to research.

Foreign aid and Co2 Emission impact on Economic Growth: Evidence from Ethiopia

Foreign aid entails provision of funds or resources or technical assistance by one country to another. The purpose is normally informed by the growth of the recipient nation, mitigation of disasters and assistance with social issues. It may be applied in a multifunctional manner: donations, subsidies, gifts and in-kind for purchases made through grants, loans or donations of goods and services. Generally, it is intended to help countries in distress owing to poverty, calamities, destructions, devastations or war. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to analyses the effect of foreign aid, carbon dioxide emissions and other related economic indicators on Ethiopia. Both annual and other period data were obtained from the WDI, IMF, Ethiopian Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, MoPADBE, DBE, NBE, and MoF. Foreign aid, CO2 emissions, and macroeconomic variables were regressed on economic growth in this study The research data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and E-View version 9 software. The human capital variable has a positive coefficient positive effect. The government has to decrease carbon dioxide emission and donate the development aid to every field according to the provision of law.

PENGARUH STRUKTUR MODAL, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN DAN CAPITAL INTENSITY TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE (STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR FOOD & BEVERAGE DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2019 - 2023)

This study aims to analyze the effect of capital structure, company size and capital intensity on tax avoidance. This study was conducted by analyzing the financial statements of companies in food & beverage listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2019-2023. The sampling technique in this study used the purposive sampling method, so that a research sample of 22 food & beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2023 was obtained. This study uses panel data regression analysis and hypothesis testing with a significance level of 5%. The test tool used is e-views software version 12 Student Version Lite. Based on the results of the hypothesis test, the results show that capital structure, company size and capital intensity simultaneously have a significant effect on tax avoidance. Partially, only the company size and capital intensity variables have a significant effect on tax avoidance, while the capital structure does not show a significant effect on tax avoidance, this finding provides insight that company size and capital intensity have a greater effect on tax avoidance compared to capital structure.

Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pendapatan Usaha Mikro: Studi Kasus pada Usaha yang Terdaftar pada Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM di Kota Baubau

This study aims to analyze the effect of business capital, business location, e-commerce and promotion on micro business income in Baubau City. The research sample was 71 business people in Baubau City. This type of research is quantitative research. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis with the Eviews 12 software application tool. Based on the results of the distribution of respondents' answers, it shows that overall, factors including capital, business location, e-commerce, and promotion are considered important by respondents in supporting their business income. Based on the test results, this study shows that: (1) The capital variable has a positive and significant effect; (2) The business location variable has a positive and significant effect; (3) The e-commerce variable has a positive and insignificant effect; (4) The promotion variable has a positive and significant effect; (5) In the hypothesis testing results it was found that all independent variables together had a significant effect on the dependent variable.

The Association Between Psychological Capital and Self-Management Behaviors in Men with Gout: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southwest China.

Gout is a common, chronic inflammatory joint disease, and men are more likely to suffer from gout. Improving patient self-management behaviors is a priority in gout healthcare. Psychological capital is associated with self-management behaviors in chronic diseases and can be improved through a number of interventions. However, this topic has not been well studied in gout patients. The aim of this study was to determine the level of psychological capital among male gout patients in Southwest China and to compare differences in self-management behaviors among patients with different levels of psychological capital. This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 242 male gout patients were recruited from West China Hospital of Sichuan University, and demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, psychological capital, and behavioral variables related to patient self-management were collected. K-Means cluster analysis was used to characterize psychological capital. The total psychological capital score of the participants was 134.5 (SD = 21.3). Cluster analysis of the four dimensions of psychological capital yielded three clusters, namely, Cluster 1 (higher level, 29.8%), Cluster 2 (moderate level, 52.3%), and Cluster 3 (poor level, 17.9%). The differences in the self-management behaviors among the three clusters, the differences were statistically significant. Post hoc analyses revealed that cluster 1 scored higher on the self-Management behaviors and its four dimensions than either cluster 2 or cluster 3 (p < 0.05). The psychological capital of men with gout in Southwest China could be improved, and moderate and low levels of psychological capital are associated with suboptimal self-management behaviors. Healthcare providers may target gout patients with low or moderate levels of psychological capital as an intervention and take steps to improve their levels of psychological capital. These results may assist in decision-making for self-management behavioral interventions for gout patients.

Innovation network for micro, small and medium enterprises in Indonesi

This study aims to develop an innovation network model to help MSMEs recover from the downturn due to the pandemic. The basic model used is an innovation network consisting of associations, suppliers, customers and government. The basic model was developed by adding capital and digitalization variables to suit the needs. Data processing uses a structural equation model and the sample is MSMEs in West Java province. This study is the first on the innovation network model for MSMEs affected by the pandemic and the largest number of MSME respondents. The results conclude that according to MSMEs in Indonesia, suppliers, customers, government, associations, capital, and digitalization have an effect on the innovation network. This study concludes that associations, suppliers, customers, government, capital and digitalization all have a positive effect on the innovation network. This finding is the first in the innovation network model for MSMEs that accommodates the needs of the industry to recover from the pandemic situation and adds new literature on industrial innovation networks. While previous studies have a lot of similar literature, all focus on certain types of businesses and on normal economic conditions. This study is different from similar studies because it was conducted on MSMEs in all business sectors and economic conditions in crisis due to the pandemic. These results can be used as a reference in decision making to increase the growth of MSMEs with limited resources.

Human Capital Development and Economic Growth in Africa

The study examined the human capital, and economic growth in Africa. Data used were collected over the period between1987 and 2023 for 20 African countries. Panel data were analyzed using unit root test and auto-regressive distributed lag model for long run and short run effects. Analysis was carried out on the combined countries as well as countries grouped into Blocs of North Africa, West Africa, East Africa, Central Africa and Southern Africa respectively. The result of the analysis showed that School enrolment and government expenditure on health exert insignificant positive impact of real gross domestic product growth rate, while government expenditure on education exert significant negative impact of real gross domestic product growth for combined sample of Africa countries. Also, on the long run, human capital variables including school enrolment, government expenditure on education and government expenditure on health has insignificant impact on real gross domestic product growth rate across all blocs though with varying magnitude and signs.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF INFLATION EXPECTATIONS ADJUSTED TO DIFFERENT LEVELS WITH CAPITAL AND MONETARY VARIABLES

This study seeks to answer the question of which macroeconomic variables are used as determinants by individuals with low expectations and individuals with high expectations. For this purpose, inflation expectations were divided into three categories: 0 to 20, 20 to 40 and over 40. In this way, low, medium and high inflation expectations were obtained. The aim was to determine the relationship between different inflation expectations and macroeconomic variables. The study used monthly data for the period 2013-2023. The Phillips-Ouliaris co-integration method was used to determine the long-run relationship and DOLS and FMOLS estimators were used to estimate the long-run coefficients. The results show that the variables credit interest, money supply, inflation and stocks are determinants of low inflation expectations, the exchange rate, money supply and inflation are determinants of medium inflation expectations and the exchange rate, credit interest, money supply, inflation and deposit interest are determinants of high inflation expectations. Two points stand out. The first is that when long-term coefficients are evaluated, the coefficients take insignificantly low values in low inflation expectations. This result indicates that individuals expecting low inflation do not establish a strong sensitivity despite taking into account capital and money variables. The second point is that the capital variable stock is statistically insignificant in medium and high inflation expectations. This result indicates that only monetary variables are taken into account in medium and high inflation expectations.

Analysis of Factors Affecting Business Income in the Fish Satay MSME Sector in Tanjung Village, North Lombok Regency

This study analyzes the effect of business capital, labor, and working hours on income in fish satay UMKM in Tanjung Village, North Lombok Regency. This study uses a quantitative research type with primary data. Data were obtained from the results of the questionnaire, the number of data obtained was 31 respondents. The analysis tools used were multiple linear regression, determination coefficient test (R2), t test and simultaneous coefficient significance test (f test). The results of this study indicate that the variables of business capital, labor, and working hours simultaneously have a significant effect on business income. While the R2 value is 0.808, this means that 8.8% of business income is influenced by the variables above, the rest is influenced by other variables outside this study.

FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI VOLUME PERDAGANGAN SAHAM: STRUKTUR MODAL, PROFITABILITAS DAN LIKUIDITAS

The purpose of this study is to explore and evaluate the impact of capital structure, profitability, and liquidity on the trading volume of non-cyclical consumer food and beverage companies listed on the IDX between 2019 and 2022. Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) is used for the purpose of evaluating capital structure, Return on Equity (ROE) variable is used to reflect profitability, current ratio (CR) is used to indicate liquidity, and total stock transaction volume is used to accurately evaluate the company's stock trading activity. Businesses in the non-cyclical consumer sector involved in the food and beverage industry and listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2019 and 2022 form the study population. Using a sample size of eighteen different businesses, the research approach used is called purposive sampling. Descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression analysis, hypothesis testing (including determination coefficient test, t-statistic test, and F-statistic test), and classical assumption tests (including multicollinearity, autocorrelation, heteroscedasticity, and normality tests) are all examples of analytical methods used. All of these tests were conducted at a significance level of 5%. The findings of the partial tests conducted in this study indicate that the capital structure variable has a significant impact on the company's stock trading volume activity. In addition, the results show that profitability and liquidity have a positive and significant impact on the same business activity. The findings of simultaneous testing indicate that the company's capital structure, profitability, and liquidity have a significant influence on the company's financial performance.

Pengaruh Konservatisme Akuntansi, Struktur Modal, Likuiditas Terhadap Kualitas Laba

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of accounting conservatism, capital structure, liquidity on earnings quality. This type of research is quantitative research. The sampling method in this study was purposive sampling method. The sample for this study uses manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for 2019-2021 with 108 data samples. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis using the IBM SPSS statistics 22 program. The results show that accounting conservatism and capital structure variables have a positive effect on earnings quality. Meanwhile, the variable liquidity has no effect on earnings quality.

EXPLORE THE DETERMINANTS OF CUSTOMERS TIME TO PAY HOUSE OWNERSHIP LOAN ON DATA WITH HIGH MULTICOLLINEARITY WITH PCA-COX REGRESSION

One of the models in survival analysis is the Cox proportional hazards model. This method ignores assumptions regarding the distribution of survival times studied. If there are indications of multicollinearity in data handling, one way that can be done is to use PCA (Principal Component Analysis). PCA-Cox regression is a combination of survival analysis and PCA which can be an alternative in analyzing multicollinearity survival data. The large number of cases of bad credit means that customers must be careful in providing credit to prospective customers. Character, capacity, capital and collateral variables are thought to influence the length of time customers pay house ownership loans at the bank. The data used is secondary data (n=100) regarding the assessment of character variables, capacity, capital and collateral, credit collectibility, and time to pay customer house ownership loans at the bank. The results of the analysis using PCA-Cox regression show that the variables character, capacity, capital and collateral have a significant effect on the length of house ownership loan payment time for Bank X customers. The originality of this research is the use of the PCA-Cox regression integration model in bank credit risk analysis.

VOLUNTEERING AMONG OLDER ADULTS AND EFFECTS OF ETHNIC MINORITY IDENTITY BEFORE AND DURING COVID-19

Abstract The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has presented numerous challenges to older adults in Canada, including the ability to engage in volunteer work. This situation has created a new volunteer landscape in which common predictors of volunteering may have shifted. The purpose of this study is to improve understanding of the current social context surrounding volunteering in Canada, by a) determining changes in the associations between human, social, and cultural capital variables and volunteering among older adults and b) examining the potential relationship between ethnic minority background and volunteering among older adults, using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), collected prior to and during the pandemic. This study utilized data from 24,306 participants (aged 55+) who participated in the CLSA Baseline, Follow-up 1 and the COVID-19 Study Baseline surveys. Results confirm a decrease in volunteering among CLSA participants during the early stages of the pandemic. When compared to pre-pandemic associations, volunteers during the early stages of the pandemic were more likely to be young-old (55-64), male, employed, and not involved in religious activities. Findings provide evidence of pandemic effects on volunteering among older adults in Canada.

PERAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILTY DAN INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL TERHADAP REPUTASI DAN KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN

This research aims to analyze the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and intellectual capital on the reputation and financial performance of companies in the Indonesian capital market, namely manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI). It is hoped that this research will provide insight into companies to create a company reputation and improve financial performance by paying attention to the implementation of CSR and good management of intellectual capital. Apart from that, it is hoped that this research will enrich the body of knowledge regarding the relationship between CSR, intellectual capital, company reputation and financial performance. This research was conducted using a quantitative approach. The sampling technique used in this research is the purposive sampling method. The companies included in this research sample are manufacturing companies that were always listed on the IDX from 2018 to 2021, published financial reports and were registered on IMACAWARD, so the final sample totaled 32 companies. Based on the results of regression analysis and mediation tests, it can be concluded that the CSR variable has a significant positive effect on Company Reputation. The Intellectual Capital variable does not have a significant effect on company reputation. Apart from that, the variables CSR and Company Reputation were found to have no significant effect on the company's financial performance. However, Intellectual Capital was found to have a significant positive effect on Company Financial Performance. The Company Reputation variable was found unable to mediate the relationship between CSR and Intellectual Capital on Financial Performance.

RISK PROFILE, GCG, EARNINGS, CAPITAL, PROFITABILITY, THE HEALTH of BUMN BANKS LISTED on THE IDX

This study aims to determine the effect of research variables on profitability. The ratios used in this study are Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earnings and Capital as independent variables while the dependent variable in this study is Profitability. The population of this study is state-owned banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2022. The sample selection was carried out by purposive sampling method and from 47 banks listed on the IDX obtained 4 samples of BUMN banks. The data used is secondary data. The analysis technique used is the classic assumption test, multiple regression analysis and hypothesis testing. Based on the results of the analysis it can be concluded that the Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earnings and Capital variables simultaneously affect Profitability, In this study it can be seen that the Earnings variable is the most dominant variable on Profitability.

Impact of Internet Banking on the Financial Performance of Indonesian Banking

This research aims to identify variables that influence bank performance in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The addition of the capital adequacy ratio variable as an independent variable is a novel part of this research. This research method includes collecting data from 22 banking companies over a five year period (2019-2023) with a total of 110 data that meet the criteria by applying data processing analysis using panel data regression analysis techniques. The results of this research show that (1) The internet banking variable has a positive and significant influence on financial performance. (2) The loan to deposit ratio variable has no significant effect on financial performance. (3) The bank size variable has a positive and significant effect on banking return on assets (4) The capital adequacy ratio variable has no significant effect on banking return on assets.