Capital Issues Research Articles

On the Issue of Human Capital of the Working Older Generation of Modern Russia

Practice has shown that the onset of retirement and pre-retirement age in modern Russia adds new problems to the working older generation, caused by significant changes in lifestyle and new views on human labor activity. The implemented pension reform in Russia, which added five years to the day of retirement, significantly exacerbated the problems associated with the employment of people of retirement age. The article offers scientifically based recommendations for increasing human capital at the expense of the working older generation, taking into account regional and other characteristics. In modern conditions, human capital can play an important role in solving many problems during the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, especially in increasing the military-industrial potential of our state. In conditions of labor shortage, experienced personnel of engineers, technologists, managers can significantly strengthen Russian industrial and other enterprises

Various Approaches used by Researchers in the Fields of Business, Management, and Accounting in Treating Intellectual Capital

This research aims to discuss how intellectual capital issues are treated in accounting research. This study answered research questions through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 367 peer-reviewed articles in Business Management and Accounting (BMA). A detailed search was done using the publish or perish version 8 search engine. It selected the Scopus database through the “intellectual capital” keyword. The database was filtered to articles published from 2017–2021. This study selected samples using several criteria. First, the article titles should be related to intellectual capital. After that, the article is published in a peer-reviewed journal that is not discontinued. Finally, the subject matter is BMA. Most research on intellectual capital placed this topic as an independent variable at 44.14% of the total articles. Some others used it as a systematic review (21.25%), a dependent variable (13.08%), an intervening/mediating variable (7.08%), and a moderating variable (0.27%). Meanwhile, the rest employed intellectual capital as descriptive research without conducting any testing. This research is the first to map how intellectual capital is treated in accounting research.

A Comprehensive Study on Analyzing Business's Immediate Recovery with Public Health

Study investigates the immediate recovery of businesses in the situation of public health crises, focusing on the interplay between health interventions and economic stabilization efforts. Data were collected from 150 business experts and academics through a detailed questionnaire. After that, the data is analyzed using SPSS, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), path analysis, construct reliability analysis, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett's tests which display the connection to the business's immediate recovery. The hypotheses propose that capital issues, economic difficulties, and government support are positively correlated with rapid business recovery. Path analysis reveals significant positive correlations (P<0.001) between capital issues, economic difficulties, and government support with immediate recovery. The results indicate that capital and government support are critical to business recovery plans that are in line with public health priorities, even though capital and economic issues have a large impact on recovery.

Value Added Tax on Financial Services in the EU: The Complete Story

The paper provides an extensive overview of the VAT exemption of financial services in the EU. The topic is surrounded by conceptual and practical challenges. The main issues are presented in a retrospective plan. They have been clearly defined and discussed since the very inception of the EU VAT system. The difficulties this tax regime is faced with today reveal the logical sequence that can be traced as far back as the 1970s. In its first part, the paper looks at the topic from a historical perspective, exploring the inclusion of financial services within the scope of the first VAT rules. Further insight is subsequently provided on the application of the VAT exemption over the past decades until the present-day rules. At its core, the text relies mostly upon the CJEU case law. Capital issues for VAT fiscal neutrality are also given careful consideration. This is the major concern inspiring the Commission’s attempts and proposals for VAT reforms. After a concise examination of the efforts to revise the legislation, the paper focuses on the most recent developments in the financial industry, which is a major stakeholder concerned by the recent aspirations of Brussels.

The Reflection of Social Atomism in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock

The tumultuous history of the twentieth century is known to have witnessed transformative events ranging from World War I to World War II. These events with drastic social and political influences have led to a revival of interest in studying the recesses of human mind in the field of literature. Modernism as a literary movement, especially in the wake of World War I, has had its leading role in exploring human psyche, but has simultaneously become the focal point of numerous discussions with its elusive nature. This contentious aspect of modernism can be said to have become manifest in its tackling the issues of social fragmentation, solipsism and capitalism within literary realm. The entirety of the referred points also falls into the scope of Social Atomism Theory which is believed to have gained prominence in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. At this point, it must be noted that, one of the most well-known poems of modern period, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, provides an apt site for delving into the concept of social atomism. Relevantly, this article aims to elucidate the ways in which the experiences of Prufrock align with those of an alienated or socially atomised individual.

Managerial Economic Strategies In Improving Micro Business

Micro, small and medium enterprises or better known as MSMEs. Currently its existence is a priority for the government because it is considered capable of significantly developing the national economy in Indonesia. In developing the national economy in Indonesia, the priority is Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). MSMEs are the backbone of the people's economic system to reduce the problem of poverty and their development is able to expand the economic base and can make a significant contribution to improving the regional economy and national economic resilience. This research is a qualitative descriptive study using a library research approach. The data source in this research is a secondary data source. Data collection techniques using keyword searches, subject searches and the latest scientific articles. The results of the research found that: The development of MSMEs is not free from challenges that urgently need to find solutions, including human resource, managerial, monitoring and evaluation, trust and capital issues so that they can improve and develop MSMEs in order to increase national economic resilience.

Community Empowerment through Eco-Crowdinvesting in Green Business for Sustainable and Eco-Friendly MSMEs

The COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with climate change repercussions, has gravely impacted global economies, notably the MSMEs in Kelurahan Meteseh. These MSMEs, which play key roles in local tourism and cuisine, struggle with energy and capital issues. This community service program addresses these challenges by implementing a green economic ecosystem for these SMEs, leveraging digital platforms, and promoting environmentally friendly business operations. Methodologically, the project encompassed preparation, technology deployment and installation, technology transfer, and mentoring. To address these issues, a community service program introduced Eco-Crowdinvesting green business technology with solar panels to help MSMEs recover sustainably. Solar panels and the Eco-Crowdinvesting platform reduce operational costs, improve finance, and strengthen MSMEs, making energy affordable for them. In line with national digital and green economy strategies, this program gives MSMEs access to solar power and an innovative financing platform, strengthening their economic resilience, promoting sustainable business practices, and increasing environmental awareness.

Cucumber under Controlled Environment Polyhouse: A Step Forward to Enhance Farmers Income

Present study was conducted to see profitability of cucumber crop when grown under polyhouse. Controlled environment crops have greater consistency and production is more reliable than uncontrolled open field crops. Technology is used to manage and manipulate the growing conditions to reduce uncertainty and optimise crop growth. Particularly, cucumber crop was uneconomical when grown under open field conditions due to its climate sensitiveness. Present study was conducted in cucumber which was being cultivated in environment-controlled poly house. The cost return analysis showed that the total cost of cultivation per 1000 m2 area was Rs. 307746 with an output value of Rs.888960 resulted in Benefit Cost Ratio of 2.89. As the poly house involves initial establishment costs besides maintenance costs every year. This component was amortized to be included in Total Fixed Cost component (TFC) of cost analysis. Similarly, the bed prepared for cucumber sowing also amortized as it lasts for five years once prepared. As most of the farmers were facing initial capital issues for establishing polyhouse, majority of farming fraternity till unable tap the full benefits of cucumber crop. By utilizing the policies of government, cucumber cultivation under poly house is economically beneficial.

Tracing Class and Capital in Critical AI Research

This article explores the rapidly developing field of Critical AI Studies and its relation to issues of class and capitalism through a hybrid approach based on distant reading of a newly collected corpus of 300 full-text scientific articles, the creation of which is itself a first attempt at properly delineating the field. We find that words related to issues of class are predominantly but not exclusively confined to a set of studies that make up their own distinct subfield of Critical AI Studies, in contrast to, e.g., issues of race and gender, which are more broadly present in the corpus.

Potential, Challenges and Prospects: Internationalization of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malang Raya

This research aims to investigate issues related to the phenomenon of internationalization of SMEs in Malang Raya, analyze the potential and challenges faced, and formulate future prospects. The method used in this research is qualitative phenomenology. The results of this research are that internationalization has become an important strategy for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in various parts of the world, including in Malang Raya. Malang Raya, with its rapidly growing economic potential and product diversity, offers great opportunities for SMEs to expand their market reach to an international level. However, to achieve success in internationalization, SMEs in Malang Raya are faced with various challenges, including capital issues, human resource management, technology and market access.
 

Digital Competences and Digital Skills in the Legal Regulation of the Digital Transformation of the European Union

In the digital transformation process, the phases focusing on technical and economic aspects were followed by a phase exposing human capital issues. In approximately 3,000 acts of the European Union relating to the digital transformation process published in Eur-lex, as well as in an increasing number of national acts of the Member States, the terms “digital competences” and “digital skills” appear. They occur, inter alia, in the context of the financing of development tasks and their achievement indicators. In the application of existing law, it must be taken into account that the scopes and interrelationships of these new terms are framed differently. This ambiguity may have a negative impact on the effectiveness of digital transformation. It is postulated that the terminological consistency of the multi-level regulation should be improved and, in doing so, it should be noted that the prominence of digital skills in prospective acts and the way in which knowledge is captured can affect the use of the potential of universities.

From Discrete Skills to Holistic Creative Human Potential: An Emerging Approach in Theory and Practice

The study aims to empirically demonstrate and conceptually interpret the manifestations of an emerging approach to the issues of human capital, its measurement and development on the international academic, expert, and corporate agenda. We document a gradual shift from a focus on individual skills, their measurement and development, to an approach that considers the complexity of human capital and emphasizes holistic individual activity and the proactive role of the individual in his/her human development and in transforming the corporate environment.The authors show that the formation of this novel approach can be associated with new trends in socio-economic development, including the growing share of non-routine jobs, the transformation of work formats and broader processes of de-structuration, which require a proactive role of the individual in the maintenance and development of social structures, including business organizations. The study has shown that the formation of this new approach occurs gradually and simultaneously at the global level on the academic, expert, and corporate agendas, but with varying degrees of intensity and with different focuses. At the same time, it is the corporate agenda that can be regarded as a frontier. This study is based on a content analysis of academic publications, expert reports of international organizations and think tanks, as well as public reports and documents of the world’s leading innovative companies. The research employs the Big Data intelligence system iFORA.

Analisis Efesiensi Penggunaan Modal Kerja Perusahaan dengan Rasio Keuangan pada Bank Negara Indonesia Tbk Tahun 2018 – 2022

This research focuses on capital issues in companies which are seen based on the financial performance of Bank Negara Indonesia Tbk with liquidity ratios, profitability ratios and solvency ratios in 2018-2022. The results of the research are that the liquidity ratio with the FDR ratio and the current ratio have quite good capital efficiency in paying the company's liquidity, the profitability ratio with the CAR, DER and DAR ratios shows that the company has been able to process and generate profits to carry out the company's operational activities and increase the capital owned by company so that capital efficiency is met. Meanwhile, the Solvency Ratio, namely ROA, ROE and NPM, the company has the ability to manage capital and reduce the level of bankruptcy in the future.

An Eco-heritage or an Eco-curse? - A Postcolonial Ecocritical Study of Helon Habila’s Oil on Water

Nigerian literature has been strewed with much political activism and ecological degradation. It has brought to the fore the connivance of oil companies, government agencies and a few members of the local communities in devouring the sacred land of Nigeria. The fictional literature of the Niger Delta takes into account the socio-cultural and political factors that revolve around the management of environmental problems in Nigeria. Rapid industrialization and excessive oil mining leave devastating ecological imprints on the flora, fauna and the landscape of the Delta. The fundamental issues of capitalism, globalisation, and exploitation of natural resources that cause the obliteration of Nigeria’s ecosystem are the themes of numerous literatures seeping out of the Niger Delta. Helon Habila’s Oil on Water works in the creative space to divert attention towards real-life issues that threaten the ecological sustenance of Niger Delta. The present paper analyses the novel by raising questions about the unethical practices being executed in the name of development. While being socio-ecologically intertwined, the novel also provides a postcolonial discourse on the corruption of moral order that plagues the fabric of Nigerian society.

Employing ‘someone to be your voice’ in an artisanal gastronomic tourism business: Authenticity, cultural capital and human resources

The difficulty of hiring suitable staff in rural areas has been particularly challenging for small gastronomic family businesses involved in tourism. Their human resources needs may include the ability of employees to tell stories about the business, including the family history, and to assist in maintaining its authentic image for visitors. This article explores the experiences of artisanal food or beverage tourism businesses with respect to employment of staff and draws on qualitative data from case studies of South Gippsland, Victoria in Australia and the UK’s Peak District. Sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with relevant stakeholders. Findings suggest that familiness played an important role in the way that many of these artisanal gastronomic businesses made their decisions to employ staff, linked to issues of authenticity and cultural capital. While employing non-family members to interact with visitors in public-facing roles was generally not a preferred option, these businesses may need to train and empower non-family staff to tell the family story in a convincing and acceptable way or pursue collaborations with other artisanal businesses to overcome the problem of staff shortages.

Pathology of Intellectual Capital in the Healthcare and Medical Education System During the COVID-19 Pandemic at North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze and diagnose intellectual capital challenges within the healthcare and medical education system of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: This research was conducted using a mixed-methods approach, including both qualitative and quantitative analyses. The qualitative section involved interviews with 17 experts in the healthcare and medical education system, selected through purposive sampling. For the quantitative part, 278 presidents, deputies, and experts from the healthcare and medical education sectors were surveyed using stratified random sampling. Data collection involved field methods (interviews, questionnaires) and library research. MAXQDA software was used for qualitative data analysis, while SPSS22 and PLS3 were used for quantitative testing of components' validity and reliability. Findings: The study identified three main themes related to intellectual capital issues: structural weaknesses, human resource challenges, and communication problems. These factors were found to have a significant impact on the current and desired state of the healthcare and medical education systems during the pandemic. The analysis showed that the influence of these issues on intellectual capital retention exceeded the threshold of 1.96, indicating their critical role in affecting organizational efficiency and effectiveness during the COVID-19 crisis. Conclusion: The findings highlight that intellectual capital, particularly in terms of human resources, structural processes, and communication, plays a crucial role in the successful management of healthcare and educational systems during a crisis. Addressing these challenges through improved infrastructure, human resource development, and enhanced communication strategies can significantly improve organizational performance during future crises.

A Study On The Factors Influencing Purchase Behaviour Of The Customers Towards Silk Sarees In Kancheepuram

Studying the behavior of female consumers has become crucial. Consumers reign as the pivotal force in markets. Kanchipuram Silk boasts a rich historical legacy dating back to the early era of South India under the Pallavas. As a temple city and former capital of various South Indian dynasties, the silk handloom industry has thrived here, supported by royal patronage, elevating weavers to a prominent position in the social hierarchy. Businesses cannot operate without consumers. The rising costs of raw materials, particularly zari, emerge as a significant production hurdle, accompanied by challenges like working capital issues, increased use of counterfeit zari, and low wages. In marketing, the primary concern is the escalating prices of finished goods due to input cost hikes, followed by the influx of silk fabrics containing fake zari, unfair trade practices such as selling non-Kanchipuram products under its brand name, intermediary misconduct, lack of advertising, and the availability of cheaper alternatives. Understanding consumer behavior delves into their purchasing patterns, considering their roles as users, payers, and buyers. People's desires for products and services have dramatically expanded, leading to shifting attitudes and behaviors that can be sensitive to price fluctuations. To establish a study framework, various paradigms of thought that have influenced the discipline of consumer behavior need to be considered.

Influence of gender and age diversity of boards on financial and market performance of banks

This paper seeks to explore the impact of gender and age diversity within the board of directors, as well as the appointment of a female CEO, on the return of assets (ROA) and Tobin Q of banks on a global scale. The study is motivated by the growing interest in how the quality of human capital within boardrooms affects the performance of banks, as well as the conflicting results of previous research on this topic. To conduct the study, panel regressions with fixed effects were employed as the research method. The sample consisted of 470 banks, including 146 banks from emerging markets, and data was collected from 2013 to 2023. The findings revealed that gender diversity within the board had a significant and negative impact on banks’ Tobin’s Q. Additionally, there was no significant relationship found between gender diversity and banks’ ROA, as well as between age diversity and both banks’ ROA and Tobin’s Q. The appointment of a female CEO harmed banks’ Tobin Q in emerging markets, but no significant influence was found on ROA and Tobin Q in banks in the developed world. As a result, it appears that banks’ investors do not view gender diversity as separate from other human capital issues within the boardrooms and may not derive significant financial benefits from gender and age diversity. These findings can be valuable for strategic controlling in evaluating the impact of human capital on the boards and executive branches of financial institutions.

Электронный документооборот как фактор влияния на человеческий капитал организаций

The article represents one of the first attempts in the domestic literature on the problems of electronic docu-ment management to link this issue with such a social factor as increasing trust in society and such a problem of modern management as the role of electronic document management in managing the human capital of the organization. On the issue of trust, the article substantiates the fact that the problem initially posed by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 9, 2017, to create conditions for increasing trust in electronic documents has not yet been solved. It is emphasized that the rejection of paper media has rather reduced trust in society both at the level of the state-population and at the level of corporate employer-employee relations. In order to confirm this circumstance, the authors stress the social inertia of the transition from paternalistic social and labor relations to liberal-market commodity-money relations in modern society. On the issue of the connection of transition to electronic document flow in the management of a modern organiza-tion, the article substantiates that such a transition from the standpoint of human resource management should be assessed from the standpoint of changing the paradigm of managing the labor potential of an employee, adopted in the Soviet economy, to the paradigm of human capital management in the modern economy. The given conclusion is argued both by references to socio-economic literature and the results of socio-economic research. The article justifies that the transition to management as part of human capital issues solves the prob-lem of trust and social justice in the transition to electronic document flow management.

Lender Capital Management and Financial Covenant Strictness

ABSTRACT We provide evidence that lenders with lower regulatory capital issue loans with lower financial covenant strictness, consistent with such lenders viewing borrower covenant violations as costlier. This is because a borrower covenant violation may lead the lender to downgrade the loan, which triggers accounting that further reduces regulatory capital. Because of regulatory scrutiny, this is true even if the lender waives the violation. We find that this association is concentrated in performance covenants rather than capital covenants. We also find that lenders with relatively low capital issue loans with lower amounts and shorter maturities, consistent with such lenders replacing covenant protection with stricter loan terms on other dimensions. Finally, we find that this form of lender capital management extends to loan syndicate participant lenders, in that participants with relatively low capital adequacy take smaller loan shares when the lead arranger sets high covenant strictness. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text. JEL Classifications: G21; M40; M41.