Capital Construction Facility Research Articles

Construction and Legalization of an Unauthorized Construction as Ways to Form Buildings, Structures

The paper analyzes such methods of formation of buildings, structures, as the construction and legalization of unauthorized construction. Construction as a way of forming buildings and structures is regulated by the norms of urban planning legislation. These norms establish three methods (procedures) of construction: permissive, under notification and simplified. The legal significance of the above classification of construction methods lies in the fact that each of them sets different requirements for the construction of buildings and structures as capital construction objects, and also defines its beginning and certifies completion in different ways. As the study showed, the permissive method is the only way of construction that obtained unambiguous legal regulation in the current urban planning legislation. The notification method of construction is similar to the permissive one, and the simplified method is an exception method that is established in relation to capital construction facilities of various levels of responsibility, as well as non–capital buildings and structures. It is proved that buildings and structures from the position of norms of urban planning legislation acquire the status of objects of completed construction not from the moment of obtaining permission for commissioning, as is commonly believed in the legal literature, but from the moment of the actual possibility of their operation in accordance with their functional purpose. This possibility can be verified in two ways: by obtaining a permit for commissioning or other document provided for by the current legislation of the Russian Federation; by starting the actual operation of the facility. The legalization of unauthorized construction is an exceptional way of forming objects such as buildings and structures that can be used under strict observance of certain conditions. Legalization of an unauthorized construction involves either the elimination of violations of the norms of urban planning and other legislation committed during construction, or the statement of the fact that such construction meets the established requirements. In both cases, the fact of the possibility of operating an unauthorized building in accordance with its functional purpose is confirmed in accordance with the established procedure.

Assessment of the need for modeling of organizational and technological processes at the stage of capital construction facility operation

Assessment of the need for modeling of organizational and technological processes at the stage of capital construction facility operation

Methodology for assessing the quality of a construction organisation

The quality assessment of construction organisations is a scientific task, representing a practical interest for customers of capital construction projects, self-regulating associations of builders, as well as for the contractors themselves, interested in improving the quality of enterprise management. The study aims to develop a methodology for the integral quality assessment of a construction organisation. The quality of a construction organisation within the framework of this study is understood as the ability of a construction organisation to comply with the terms of a contract, produce construction products that meet the requirements of technical regulations and provide safe working conditions. In order to determine the quantitative value of the integral quality assessment of a construction organisation, a regression model was constructed describing the dependence of the construction organisation quality indicator on the effect of most significant factors, identified based on the results of expert assessments. Among the factors, having the most significant effect on the value of the integral quality assessment of a construction organisation, the authors identify the following: compliance with the terms of the contract for the duration and cost of creating a capital construction facility, compliance of construction products with the requirements of technical regulations, the share of workers with at least three years of experience in the organisation, as well as the number of accidents, recorded during the studied time. The regression model, proposed for the integral assessment, provides a fairly high level of reliability for the calculated values. The results of calculations can be used in the assessment of construction organisations by external participants in the investment and construction process, as well as by the management of contracting organisations in order to improve the management system.

Mechanisms for the implementation of complex construction contracts within the framework of life cycle management of a capital construction facility

The development of industrial areas with difficult climatic conditions and high environmental burden on the population requires innovative management approaches from the construction industry, including energy construction as a factor of safety and reliability, as a basis for the development of enterprises in the region and urban development. The purpose of this study is to determine the place and role of complex construction contracts (CСC) in the life cycle (LC) of an industrial capital construction facility and to form mechanisms for improving the implementation of CСC to ensure the innovative nature of such an object at all stages of its LC within the framework of the relationship with the development of the economy of the studied region as a whole. The LC model proposed in the study allows us to determine the place and role of innovation engineering assessment at each stage of the implementation of large engineering projects during the construction of capital construction facilities within the framework of territorial development management. The combination of methods for assessing innovativeness will reveal the necessary reserves for accelerated development of territories with maximizing environmental and economic effects.

Classification of functionally object activities of SID-type IP specialized industrial development system

The completed classification studies showed a multitude of life cycle types of industrial park (IP) construction and allowed for updating the importance of additional modeling of project-oriented developer’s organizational structures for management of industrial park development (SID). The article provides structural classification of functionally object activities of SID-type IP specialized industrial development (SKTII), which defines the technological structure of this type of industrial construction. The research considers several types by defining types of capital construction facilities (CCF) by functional components (outcomes). A system of industrial park development prediction models is proposed comprising the effects of factor attributes xij on the observed value yij (outcome attribute) through the example of factor (aggregate) performance with the development of a strategic administrative map for brownfield IP.

Modernization of the competencies of construction managers in the implementation of projects using BIM

The use of Building Information Modeling at the construction stage of the facility involves not only the use of new technologies, but also the revision of the functional roles of participants in the implementation of the investment and construction project. The purpose of the study is to identify functional changes in the organizational structure of the State Customer (Developer) in the process of use Building Information Modeling at the stage of construction of a capital construction facility. The novelty of the research lies in the comprehensive consideration of the issue of the formation and development of digital competencies through the clustering of the organizational structure and the formation of a reference model of interrelated processes. As a result of the research, a scheme of functional roles has been developed in the context of the organizational structure of the State Customer (Developer), necessary to ensure the effectiveness of construction project management using information modeling technologies the formation of information models both at the stage of architectural and construction design and at the stage of construction and installation works.

Criteria affecting the modeling of organizational and technological processes at the stage of operation of a capital construction facility

Criteria affecting the modeling of organizational and technological processes at the stage of operation of a capital construction facility

Статистические характеристики данных температурного мониторинга грунтовых оснований фундаментов зданий города Салехарда за 2018–2023 годы как основа для автоматизации процесса первичной обработки данных

The Arctic today is a dynamically developing territory where the construction and operation of infrastructure are complicated by the presence of permafrost. Climatic changes and anthropogenic factors have a negative impact on their condition. In this regard, studies of the current and forecast state of permafrost in natural and anthropogenic conditions are relevant, which is necessary for the formation of plans for adaptation to climate change, design and engineering surveys work, and risk ma­nagement. Monitoring the temperature regime of soils at the base of the existing infrastructure seems to be the most obvious solution for monitoring the state of permafrost. The object of the study is the soil foundation of buildings erected on permafrost. The subject of the study is data obtained using an automated soil temperature control system for the foundations of capital construction facilities in Salekhard. For the purpose of identifying negative changes in the bearing capacity of permafrost at early stages, the task of determining a set of criteria based on the analysis of temperature monitoring data and their statistical characteristics is solved. In Salekhard wells were drilled at the base of 30 buildings to the depth of the foundation, where thermometric equipment was installed. The sensors measure the soil temperature every 3 hours and transmit it to the server for analysis. As a result, the possibility of using the amplitude of annual fluctuations in the temperature of the soil base and the capacity of the seasonal melt layer under the building to assess the effectiveness of the soil thermal stabilization system is shown. By analyzing the average and maximum temperature values in the bases of objects, it is possible to identify objects with weakened zones. A set of criteria is given for identifying objects with negative changes in the frozen base, and statistical characteristics can serve as a basis for automating the process of processing monitoring data. The information obtained on the parameters of permafrost under buildings will allow us to determine the current state of the soil foundations and predict the development of the situation in order to prevent the destruction of infrastructure.

РОЛЬ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОГО МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ В ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ЖИЗНЕННОГО ЦИКЛА ОБЪЕКТОВ КАПИТАЛЬНОГО СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА

Russian construction industry enterprises are increasingly realizing the potential of information modeling technologies. The article considers the role of information modeling technologies in the organization of the life cycle of capital construction facilities, identifies difficulties in managing TIM data; shows the advantages of using TIM technologies in the construction sector; considers domestic software products; notes the difficulties of analyzing the effectiveness of TIM implementation at enterprises in connection with the lack of a unified assessment of the effectiveness of the implementation of TIM technologies; The trends in the development of the field of TIM technologies are noted.

Life cycle of the facility and its cost at the construction stage

The article presents a study of the main aspects of managing the value of real estate in the process of implementing investment and construction activities. The study was conducted in the context of the concept of the "life cycle of a capital construction facility" with the decomposition of its stages into regulatory, financial, economic and engineering. The life cycle of an object creation project is defined as a subsystem in the structure of the overall life cycle of an object, combining a set of stages implemented in the process of creating an object. The author has formulated the main factors affecting the value of real estate during the construction at various stages of the project life cycle. The paper defines a mechanism for managing the cost of an object as interrelated stages of the project life cycle, price-forming factors and methodological support for the process of its economic assessment with the definition of types of value, taking into account the objectives of determining the value of the object in the process of its creation. The use of the tools and methods presented by the author is designed to ensure an increase in the efficiency of managerial decision-making during the construction.

Formation of sustainable development of investment and construction enterprises based on increasing their mobility

In market conditions, the effective zone of activity of the investment and construction complex enterprises dramatically changes its boundaries under the influence of the achieved level of their mobility. The object of the research is the organizational and technological processes of the construction of a capital construction facility and the activities of enterprises in conditions of mobility and uncertainty of construction production. The study considers several rational options for increasing the mobility of construction organizations when creating capital construction projects, each one defines the necessary directions for their sustainable development. The use of various mechanisms and digital technologies in the activities of enterprises for their effective management and construction of real estate objects at the stages of the life cycle will increase the stability and reliability of all types of work in conditions of mobility and uncertainties of construction production, carry out and manage all processes that take place at the stages of the life cycle of the object. This will ensure the minimization of negative consequences during the actual implementation of projects at the main stage of the construction of a capital construction facility.

Учет энергоемкости строительных материалов в течение жизненного цикла объектов капитального строительства

Considerable energy resources are consumed in the production of building materials, during construction and installation works, for operation with current and major repairs, reconstruction, dismantling, utilisation and recycling. As a rule, these energy resources are non-renewable, therefore, for energy saving purposes, it is necessary to take into account the total energy consumption of capital construction facilities during their life cycle. The authors have proposed the structure of a relational database of building materials energy intensity to calculate energy costs. The proposed database contains a list of building materials and energy intensity values at all stages of the life cycle. The novelty of the database is the division of materials by building elements (replaceable, non-replaceable). The article presents fragments of energy intensity calculation of the apartment building life cycle in the Ivanovo city using the proposed database.

Градиентная модель адгезии жидкости на поверхности строительного материала

Considerable energy resources are consumed in the production of building materials, during construction and installation works, for operation with current and major repairs, reconstruction, dismantling, utilisation and recycling. As a rule, these energy resources are non-renewable, therefore, for energy saving purposes, it is necessary to take into account the total energy consumption of capital construction facilities during their life cycle. The authors have proposed the structure of a relational database of building materials energy intensity to calculate energy costs. The proposed database contains a list of building materials and energy intensity values at all stages of the life cycle. The novelty of the database is the division of materials by building elements (replaceable, non-replaceable). The article presents fragments of energy intensity calculation of the apartment building life cycle in the Ivanovo city using the proposed database.

Main Scientific Principles of a Systematic Approach to the Determination of Negative Factors Affecting Urban Environment

Introduction. With the modern active development of urban areas, the problems in the field of environmental safety are becoming increasingly relevant. These problems cannot be solved without an in-depth analysis of the factors that disrupt the ecological balance and cause negative consequences for the components of the environment. At the same time, construction industry is one of the main elements of human economic activity that forms technogenic loads. This is due, among other things, to the fact that, unlike some other areas, the pace of construction work has increased significantly over the past year. So, as of March 2023, 2,460 developer organizations were registered in the Russian Federation, which was 14 % more than in the previous period, that is, the speed and scale of construction work most of all affect the population of cities from a socio-economic point of view. At the same time, we should not forget about the environmental side of the issue. Many years of research in this area has shown the lack of a structured approach to assessing the environmental safety of urban areas, including the selection of an optimal list of environmental measures. At the same time, scientific approaches based on the ecological characteristics of the totality of natural conditions, determining the maximum permissible anthropogenic loads, identifying environmentally significant environmental parameters, such as the amount of oxygen in the atmospheric air or the availability of natural water resources, require significant time and labor costs, and also, as a rule, are not tied to specific objects of the urban environment. However, urban planning spaces, depending on their functional purpose, contain typical anthropogenic objects, among which capital construction and landscaping facilities predominate. The nature of the negative impact on the environment from such facilities is obviously also typical. In this regard, the aim of the study was to systematize and unify numerous negative factors affecting the territory of a particular object of capital construction and landscaping, depending on the functional purpose of the territory and the types of objects located on it. The authors propose to perform such transformations automatically within the framework of the developed online platform. Materials and Methods. To assess the negative impact on the urban environment, it was proposed to use a methodological approach based on the concept of functional zoning of the territory. According to the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation, each functional zone is characterized by the presence of certain capital construction and landscaping facilities. To achieve this goal, we used methods of comparative and system analysis and generalization. Thus, the results were obtained and systematized in the work, which showed the similarity of the nature of the negative impact from the same types of capital construction and landscaping facilities. Results. The assessment of the negative impact of capital construction and landscaping facilities on the environment was part of the research work prepared within the framework of the state program "Priority 2030". A systematic approach in analytical studies of negative factors of urban environment will allow structuring information, significantly speeding up its analysis and making appropriate decisions due to the relationships we have established between the parameters of negative factors, types of objects and functional zones in which they were located. The proposed approach was implemented within the framework of the online platform developed by the authors. At the same time, the main principle that guided us was quick access to the task of ensuring environmental safety of the territory due to accelerated automated assessment of negative factors from a given capital construction object or urban improvement. Discussion and Conclusion. The obtained research results, which include the systematization of negative environmental impact factors on the territories of capital construction and landscaping facilities, depending on the functional zones of their location, are the basis for further development of methods for ensuring environmental safety of the urban environment. The fullest possible identification of all environmentally hazardous factors will ensure an effective assessment of the negative impact on the environment of capital construction projects and urban improvement.

Organizational and technological reliability of construction in Iraq

Introduction. The construction of capital construction facilities is a complex organizational and technological task, providing for the execution of a complex of construction and installation works, as well as organizational and technological interaction of all construction participants, including with the aim of prompt management of risks arising during construction with varying degrees of intensity and danger.Materials and methods. One of the main conditions for ensuring organizational and technological reliability in the construction industry is the full and timely provision of all types of resources, which at the current stage is not always an effectively solved scientific and practical task, due to the high level of various risks.Results. The results of the adverse consequences of the risks have a very negative and significant impact on such construction issues as compliance with the deadlines for the work, optimization of the cost of the facility at all stages of its construction, ensuring the specified quality of construction and installation. In this regard, ensuring organizational and technological reliability (OTR) of construction based on an effective resource support system, taking into account risks, is an urgent and important task.Discussion and conclusion. Consideration of the impact of construction resource supply factors is important for taking into account the risk and its consequences, as a quantitative measure to assess the negative or favorable scenario of construction progress. Assessment of various factors of resource supply will make it possible to more accurately assess the organizational and technological reliability of construction.

INŽENJERSKOGEOLOŠKI KONCEPT URBANIZACIJE ŠIREG PODRUČJA SREBRENIKA

To create a spatial plan for Srebrenik City, geological and engineering-geological surveys were carried out. A detailed engineering geological map of the terrain was prepared based on the results of all previous research. A graphic visualization of the field was developed based on the survey, presented through a map of the slope, an engineering geological map, a map of the terrain's stability, and a map of construction convenience. Zoning space was used to determine and allocate favorable and safe terrain for building construction. The paper describes an innovative concept for terrain research, taking into account various factors that determine urbanization conditions. This work has shown the importance of studying the earth's environment, natural slopes, and slope processes (shedding, sliding, landslides, etc.) when planning, designing, and building capital and other construction facilities.

PROBABILISTIC FORECASTING OF THE SERVICE LIFE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE AT ARCTIC OIL AND GAS FACILITIES, CONSIDERING DEFECTS AND DAMAGE

Currently, large fuel and energy companies are conducting intensive development of the Arctic territories of the Russian Federation by commissioning new capital construction facilities. At the same time, new formulations of modified concrete with improved performance properties are used. However, in extreme construction conditions, defects and damages can form, which affect the durability of structures. The paper presents the results of probabilistic modeling of the failure-free operation of reinforced concrete according to the criterion of the impact of carbon dioxide on concrete for the conditions of the new shift settlement Sabetta. Concretes with a water-cement ratio of 0.35 and 0.5 on slag-Portland cement were taken as calculated values. The results showed that without defects and damage, the period of normal operation generally corresponds to the design value of 50 and 100 years. If there are defects, the first local areas will appear in 40 years. Recommendations on repair of the considered defects and damages are given.

Взаимодействие градостроительной деятельности в развитии дошкольного образования

The article provides information about previously conducted studies of general educational organizations. Based on this experience, the article examines the positive effects of architectural principles of designing pre-school educational institutions on the development of rural settlements. Implementation of new projects aimed at improving the quality of the living environment of the younger generation. One of the most important qualities of architecture for children is its adaptability and the possibility of space transformation during the life cycle of a children's institution building. The principles of sustainable architecture in digital projects of preschool educational institutions are described, which are the basis for space-planning solutions that combine aspects of energy conservation, environmental safety, organization of a comfortable living environment and provide guarantees of high-quality realization of the needs of future generations. The article shows how seven components of industrial activity are implemented in urban development: territorial planning; urban zoning; territory planning; architectural and construction design; construction; capital repairs; reconstruction of capital construction facilities. These elements of industrial activity are proposed to describe the conditions for improving the quality of the living environment in preschool educational institutions. They include such parameters as children's health, social qualities and improvement of preschool facilities for elementary school students.

On the Administrative and Legal Status of Controlled Persons in Respect of Whom State Construction Supervision Is Carried Out

The Strategy for the Development of the Construction industry and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 with a forecast up to 2035 defines tasks for improving control (supervisory) activities in construction. These are reducing the administrative burden on developers; improving the quality and establishing the responsibility of construction control; establishing state construction supervision bodies; digitalization of state construction supervision and construction control. This is due to the fact that currently, in the vast majority of cases, there is a low quality of construction control, due to the lack of clear requirements for professionals conducting construction control and their blurred responsibility, as well as duplication of the subject of state construction supervision and the subject of construction control. In this context, it is relevant to study the administrative and legal statuses of controlled persons involved in the construction and reconstruction of capital construction projects, in respect of which regional state construction supervision is carried out. Due to the comparative legal analysis, this article identifies the distinctive features of the rights and duties of developers, technical customers and persons carrying out the construction. Measures of administrative responsibility of the above-mentioned controlled persons are also being considered. Special attention is paid to the regulatory and legal regulation of construction control in the construction process and self-regulation in the field of construction and reconstruction of capital construction facilities. As a result of the conducted research, practice-oriented recommendations for improving legal regulation in this industry have been developed.

Sustainable Development of a Build-Up Area Taking into Account the Environmental Safety in Urban Conditions

Introduction. The sustainable design system of a built-up area requires integration of many types of information and ensuring the constant involvement of users, community members and various specialists throughout a building’s life cycle. The holistic designing approach implies focusing on the functional relationship between different parts of a building or a building complex as a whole that increases the complexity of a project. The key principle underlying sustainable buildings is an integrated design process taking into account the principles of environmental safety.The present article focuses on the analysis of the managerial and organizational methodology used by the civil engineering professionals in the context of sustainable construction. The design, management and arrangement of a construction site for a building’s reconstruction or a large scale build-up within the urban area boundaries require the development of measures and solutions for the storage and use of toxic chemicals, allocating the places for hazardous wastes collection and disposal, wastewater treatment – the results of operation of a previous structure or a building complex. All these factors need appropriate monitoring, assessment of risks and measures of ecological recovery of a land plot, in cases when the original objects and territories change their functional designation and are rebuilt into objects having impact on the environment.Materials and Methods. The development of sustainable design principles for arranging a construction site of capital construction facility on the areas that were exposed to long-term impact during the previous buildings’ and structures’ operation requires working-out the algorithms, methodology for assessment and monitoring the environmental situation on a construction site. The implementation of the present solutions requires the analysis of the sources of pollution, the duration of exposure, the nature and degree of construction site’ soil layer pollution. The development of modern managerial, organisational and technological solutions will minimise the processes of territory recovery and create sustainable construction operations.Results. As a result of the conducted research there were developed: the algorithms for assessing the ecological state of a construction site soil layer, the recommendations on the methodology for a build-up area ecological state assessment and monitoring aimed at setting the sustainable design of the organisational and technological solutions within an investment and construction project.Discussion and Conclusions. The implementation of the sustainable design processes in the investment and construction project on a build-up area soil layer preservation, the monitoring and assessment of its state enable avoiding extra costs due to the absence of the need for soil reclamation and purchase of soil of a different chemical composition from that originally formed in a particular area, and due to ensuring maximum possible preservation of vegetation.