The rapid advancement of science and technology, particularly in forensic science, has significantly enhanced crime investigation methodologies. One such advancement is the utilization of Scientific Crime Investigation methods, specifically the analysis of touch DNA from fingerprints. This research investigates the efficiency of fingerprint powders and swabbing agents in improving the quality and quantity of touch DNA for forensic applications. Touch DNA, derived from cellular materials like sweat and skin cells, presents a valuable source of genetic material for identification purposes. The study involved experimental analyses using Regular Silk Black Fingerprint Powder and Magnetic Dual-Purpose Powder, coupled with non-ionic detergent surfactants as swabbing agents. DNA samples were collected from volunteers with varying DNA shedding levels, processed, and analyzed using quantitative PCR and capillary electrophoresis. Results indicated that fingerprint powders significantly reduce the quantity and quality o

Molecularly imprinted polymers based enrichment and separation for trace analysis in capillary electrophoresis.

Gel-free capillary zone electrophoresis at acidic pH for micro DNA and RNA analysis.

Biosimilarity and advanced structural characterization of monoclonal antibodies charge variants using capillary zone electrophoresis and mass spectrometry.

Separations of enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis (CE) are achieved upon selective interaction of each enantiomer with a chiral selector, resulting in the formation of supramolecular aggregates, or complexes, that may reach the CE detector at different velocities. In order to understand (rationalize) the enantioseparation process and also to be able to modulate its outcome, it is necessary to discern the structure and the stability of these supramolecular complexes. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) constitutes a powerful instrument to elucidate the structure of the complexes at the molecular level. A very important feature of NMR is that the samples to be analyzed can be prepared in a way that mimics the experimental conditions employed in the CE runs, like the pH and composition of the CE conducting medium and the operational temperature.This tutorial describes in detail the necessary steps, from beginning to end, to conduct those NMR experiments to determine the stoichiometry, the values of the association constants, and the 3D structure of the complexes. Precise practical instructions on how to prepare NMR samples from deuterated buffers and stock solutions are given. Other factors influencing the outcome of the NMR analyses, like acquisition parameters of NMR experimental protocols, are also discussed. This chapter pretends to be a concise guide with which researchers with a basic knowledge of NMR can carry out a general and elaborate study into CE-mediated enantioseparations. The stoichiometry and the binding constants of the complexes are determined by titration experiments, whereas 3D structures of the complexes are built upon spotting intermolecular interactions between hydrogen atoms of the analyte and the chiral selector.

Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDESs) can serve as pseudostationary phases (PSPs) in capillary electrophoresis (CE). Their integration into conventional chiral CE methodologies, such as cyclodextrin-based electrokinetic chromatography, demonstrates a synergistic effect that notably enhances chiral separation efficiency. This chapter presents an example elucidating the enantioseparation of four azole antifungal drugs (tioconazole, isoconazole, miconazole, and econazole) employing carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin and the HDES methyltrioctylammonium chloride-octanoic acid.

In the development of analytical methodologies to perform chiral separations, capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a well-established and one of the most powerful separation techniques. Although cyclodextrins (CDs) are by far the most employed chiral selectors to achieve the enantiomeric separation of a broad variety of chiral compounds of relevance in different scientific fields, in some cases, the desired enantiomeric separation is not possible using only CDs. Thus, the use of advanced materials has attracted considerable attention to develop novel chiral systems in which these materials can be used in single systems or combined with other chiral selectors. In this context, chiral ionic liquids (CILs) have emerged as promising materials for tuning the selectivity in chiral analysis. An interesting group of CILs is the amino acid-based ionic liquids (AAILs). To illustrate the great possibilities of these AAILs in the field of chiral separations, this chapter describes the main experimental points to be taken into consideration in the application of two different CE approaches based on the combined use of chiral AAILs and CDs. The first example describes the use of hydroxypropyl-β-CD in combination with tetrabutylammonium-L-lysine for the enantiomeric determination of econazole or sulconazole in pharmaceutical formulations by electrokinetic chromatography (EKC). The second example illustrates the application of an EKC methodology based on the combined use of γ-cyclodextrin and L-carnitine-based ionic liquid for the enantiomeric separation of cysteine in dietary supplements.

Chiral analysis is a very important issue in many aspects of health science, including the pharmaceutical, chemical, and cosmetic industries, as well as fields like food, environment, and several areas of forensic sciences. Among the available enantioselective separation techniques, capillary electrophoresis (CE) has emerged in the last decades thanks to numerous advantages. The miniaturization of the separation compartment has not only increased the analytical efficiency of the developed methods but also permitted the consumption of small amounts of sample, of solutions/solvents, and of possible chiral selectors. The focus of the present chapter is the application of enantioselective CE in forensic analyses. Descriptions of procedures in chiral CE methods, as well as results, will be given in detail, and troubleshooting will be recommended when available.

Toward rapid testing for molecular authentication: Novel method for multianalyte identification of olive, sunflower, soy, sesame and corn DNA by visual biosensing.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), widely used in cancer therapy, comprise diverse classes of therapeutic agents such as alkylating agents, antimetabolites, mitotic inhibitors, and targeted therapies. Due to their therapeutic significance and toxic effects, accurate determination of these drugs in pharmaceutical formulations, biological fluids, and environmental matrices is crucial. However, challenges arise from their complex structures and matrix interferences. This review highlights recent advancements in analytical techniques for TKIs, focusing on liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, spectroscopic methods, and electrochemical methods employed over the last decade. Innovations in sample preparation, including solid-phase extraction and molecularly imprinted polymers, have led to improved sensitivity and selectivity. Advanced detection systems like mass spectrometry, electrochemical sensors, and fluorescence techniques are emphasized for trace-level analysis and real-time monitoring. Key challenges, including green method development, matrix effect minimization, and method robustness, are discussed. To overcome these challenges, future directions should include the use of nanomaterials, microfluidic devices, and machine learning to enhance analytical efficiency. This review provides insights into emerging strategies for precise TKIs, supporting therapeutic monitoring, environmental safety, and analytical advancements.

Capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence for the analysis of biological thiols in exhaled breath condensate after preconcentration using gold and gold-grafted magnetic nanoparticles.

Assessing the integrity of SARS-CoV-2 and F-specific RNA bacteriophage RNA in raw wastewater (ANRS0160).

Advancements in the detection of explosives using chemresistors.

Novel Y-shaped nanomicelles based on γ-cyclodextrin as chiral selector and pseudostationary phase for enantioseparation in capillary electrophoresis

Online desalting of glycans labeled with 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid via capillary electrophoresis.

Analysis of lysozyme in human saliva by CE-UV: A new simple, fast, and reliable method.

Capillary electrochromatography is a miniaturized technique offering some advantages over conventional ones in separation science. It combines the best features of capillary zone electrophoresis (high efficiency of separation) and liquid chromatography (high selectivity). Because of the low flow rates, minute volumes of mobile phases can be applied, and therefore, it can be considered a green analytical technique. Capillary electrochromatography has been successfully used to separate many classes of compounds, including peptides, proteins, drugs, antibiotics, pollutants, enantiomers, etc. In this overview chapter, the main features of this technique are summarized. Its potential for the separation of enantiomers of chiral compounds and the main chiral stationary phases employed are presented. Finally, some selected applications in this field, reported in the literature in the period 2020-2024, are presented.

Blood collected on dry blood spots is fit for newborn screening of sickle cell disease (SCD) by different analytical systems.

Single-cell N-glycan analysis via laser-induced fluorescent capillary electrophoresis with femtomolar sensitivity

Characterization of Conus textile predatory venom by capillary electrophoresis hyphenated to mass spectrometry.