Capillary Column Gas Research Articles

Simultaneous determination of isomeric substituted anilines by imidization with benzaldehyde and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

The chromatographic separation of several isomeric anilines is a challenging issue. Herein, a simple method for the simultaneous determination of four groups of isomeric primary aromatic amines, including chloroanilines, methylanilines, methoxylanilines, and dimethylanilines, was presented. In this method, all of the 15 primary aromatic amines were easily transformed into the corresponding imine derivative by treatment with benzaldehyde under mild conditions. The formed isomeric imine derivatives were completely separated on a commercial capillary gas chromatography column. The effects of several derivatization parameters were investigated and optimized. Linearity in the optimized method ranged from 0.050 to 50μg/mL with the squared correlation coefficients (R2 ) between 0.9981 and 0.9999. Reasonable reproducibility was obtained, with the intraday relative standard deviation (N=5) ranging from 0.89 to 4.57% and interday relative standard deviation ranging from 2.26 to 7.69% at the concentration of 5.0μg/mL. The developed method has been successfully applied to determine these isomeric aromatic amines in real samples.

Fourfold-Interpenetrated MOF [Ni(pybz)2] as Coating Material in Gas Chromatographic Capillary Column for Separation.

A fourfold interpenetrated diamond-like topological metal-organic framework (MOF), Ni(pybz)2 [pybz = 4-(4-pyridyl)benzoate] was successfully synthesized and fully characterized. This MOF can serve as coating material in gas chromatographic capillary column for the separation of some low boiling point essential oils. The prepared columns have good recognition ability and excellent selectivity toward a series of organic compounds, including alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acid, ethers, ester, and amines. It is found that the strained metal sites, van der Waals interactions, C-H···π attraction, and weak nonclassical hydrogen bond contribute to the recognition and selectivity of prepared columns. The grand canonical Monte Carlo technique is used to simulate the interactions of the adsorbates with MOF. The calculated van der Waals energies agree with the results of gas chromatographic separation.

Capillary Gas Chromatographic Separation of Carboxylic Acids Using an Acidic Water Stationary Phase

An acidic water stationary phase is used for the analysis of carboxylic acids in capillary gas chromatography (GC). Under regular pH 7 operating conditions, these analytes are largely ionized and elute poorly, if at all, from the water phase. However, by adjusting the phase to pH 2, it is found that various acids are neutralized and can be readily eluted and separated in the system. Sulfamic acid is found to provide a stable pH for the water phase over time, whereas hydrochloric acid and other more volatile additives quickly evaporate from the column. Under optimal low pH conditions, the acidic analytes yield good peak shape and are readily observed for masses investigated down to 5 ng on-column. By comparison, on a conventional non-polar capillary GC column, the same analytes display threefold more peak tailing and are not detected for masses below 30 ng on-column. Through altering the phase pH, it is found that the selectivity between certain analytes can be potentially enhanced depending on their respective pKa values and/or ionizability. The analysis of various different samples containing carboxylic acids is demonstrated and the results indicate that this approach can possibly offer unique and beneficial selectivity in such determinations.

A rod-spacer mixed ligands MOF [Mn3(HCOO)2(D-cam)2(DMF)2]n as coating material for gas chromatography capillary column

The interest in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is rapidly expanding because of their fascinating architectures and intriguing topologies which allowed for potential applications in gas storage, separation, heterogeneous catalysis, and several other areas. As suitable chromatographic separation media, several MOFs have been employed as stationary phase for gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. In this work we report the use of a mixed ligands rod-spacer MOF [Mn3(HCOO)2(D-cam)2(DMF)2]n as coating material for capillary column of gas chromatographic separation of a series of biochemical important compounds having linear alkyl hydrocarbon (aldehyde, alcohol and ester), aromatic hydrocarbon with two phenyls (ether, ester and ester with alcohol) and aromatic hydrocarbon (ester, ester with amino and two esters). The mixture of functional ligands, good thermal and chemical stabilities and host-guest interaction sites of the MOF are attributes to the good efficiency in gas chromatographic separation.

Determination of gas–liquid partition coefficients of several organic solutes in trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bromide using capillary gas chromatography columns

In this paper, we report gas-liquid partition constants for thirty-five volatile organic solutes in the room temperature ionic liquid trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bromide measured by gas-liquid chromatography using capillary columns. The relative contribution of gas-liquid partition and interfacial adsorption to retention was evaluated through the use of columns with different the phase ratio. Four capillary columns with exactly known phase ratios were constructed and employed to measure the solute retention factors at four temperatures between 313.15 and 343.15K. The partition coefficients were calculated from the slopes of the linear regression between solute retention factors and the reciprocal of phase ratio at a given temperature according to the gas-liquid chromatographic theory. Gas-liquid interfacial adsorption was detected for a few solutes and it has been considered for the calculations of partition coefficient. Reliable solute's infinite dilution activity coefficients can be obtained when retention data are determined by a unique partitioning mechanism. The partial molar excess enthalpies at infinite dilution have been estimated from the dependence of experimental values of solute activity coefficients with the column temperature. A thorough discussion of the uncertainties of the experimental measurements and the main advantages of the use of capillary columns to acquire the aforementioned relevant thermodynamic information was performed.

Об определении полихлорированных бифенилов в электроизоляционных жидкостях

A comparative analysis of three methods of PCB determination in insulating fluids is carried out using capillary gas chromatography with a detection by electron capture (GC-ECD — IEC 61619:1997 »Insulating liquids – Contamination by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) – Method of determination by capillary column gas chromatography; EN 12766-2:2001 «Petroleum products and used oils – Determination of PCBs and related products»; FR 1.31.2012.13568 «Method for determination of sum of polychlorinated biphenyls and sum of polychlorinated terphenyls in mineral and synthetic oils, petroleum products and wastes by capillary column gas chromatography»). The first method requires determination of all the congeners in the analyzed sample and encounters the impossibility of their identification at the relatively low content of congeners and interfering impact of the impurities present in the used oils. The second method based on determination of six selected congeners (28, 52, 101, 153, 138, and 180) and subsequent multiplying of the sum of their contents by a factor of 5 is much better, but does not provide evaluation of the accuracy of the results thus obtained. The third method based on the use of technical products for calibration, and an arbitrary number of congeners distributed throughout the elution interval for determination of the content and type of the technical product occupies an intermediate position in comparison with the two previously considered methods and provides estimation of the uncertainty of the result. This method gives an intermediate result in comparison with the two previous ones and allows us to estimate the uncertainty of the result.

Coupling of gas chromatography and electrospray ionization high resolution mass spectrometry for the analysis of anabolic steroids as trimethylsilyl derivatives in human urine

In this study, gas chromatography (GC) was interfaced with high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) with electrospray ionization source (ESI) and the relevant parameters were investigated to enhance the ionization efficiency. In GC-ESI, the distances (x-, y- and z) and angle between the ESI needle, GC capillary column and MS orifice were set to 7 (x-distance), 4 (y-distance), and 1 mm (z-distance). The ESI spray solvent, acid modifier and nebulizer gas flow were methanol, 0.1% formic acid and 5 arbitrary units, respectively. Based on these results, analytical conditions for GC-ESI/HRMS were established. In particular, the results of spray solvent flow indicated a concentration-dependent mechanism (peak dilution effect), and other parameters also greatly influenced the ionization performance. The developed GC-ESI/HRMS was then applied to the analysis of anabolic steroids as trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives in human urine to demonstrate its application. The ionization profiles of TMS-derivatized steroids were investigated and compared with those of underivatized steroids obtained from gas chromatography-electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (GC-ESI/MS) and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS). The steroids exhibited ionization profiles based on their structural characteristics, regardless of the analyte phase or derivatization. Groups I and II with conjugated or unconjugated keto functional groups at C3 generated the [M+H]+ and [M+H-TMS]+ ions, respectively. On the other hand, Groups III and IV gave rise to the characteristic fragment ions [M+H-TMS-H2O]+ and [M+H-2TMS-H2O]+, corresponding to loss of a neutral TMS·H2O moiety from the protonated molecular ion by in-source dissociation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to successfully ionize and analyze steroids as TMS derivatives using ESI coupled with GC. The present system has enabled the ionization of TMS derivatives under ESI conditions and this method has potential as a novel ionization tool. It is also useful for the simultaneous analysis of steroids as TMS derivatives.

Prototype of an Interface for Hyphenating Distillation with Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry.

Chemical analysis of complex matrices-containing hundreds of compounds-is challenging. Two-dimensional separation techniques provide an efficient way to reduce complexity of mixtures analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS). For example, gasoline is a mixture of numerous compounds, which can be fractionated by distillation techniques. However, coupling conventional distillation with other separations as well as MS is not straightforward. We have established an automatic system for online coupling of simple microscale distillation with gas chromatography (GC) and electron ionization MS. The developed system incorporates an interface between the distillation condenser and the injector of a fused silica capillary GC column. Development of this multidimensional separation (distillation-GC-MS) was preceded by a series of preliminary off-line experiments. In the developed technique, the components with different boiling points are fractionated and instantly analyzed by GC-MS. The obtained data sets illustrate dynamics of the distillation process. An important advantage of the distillation-GC-MS technique is that raw samples can directly be analyzed without removal of the non-volatile matrix residues that could contaminate the GC injection port and the column. Distilling the samples immediately before the injection to the GC column may reduce possible matrix effects-especially in the early phase of separation, when molecules with different volatilities co-migrate. It can also reduce losses of highly volatile components (during fraction collection and transfer). The two separation steps are partly orthogonal, what can slightly increase selectivity of the entire analysis.

Growth and tolerance of infants fed formula with a new algal source of docosahexaenoic acid: Double-blind, randomized, controlled trial

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in infant formula at concentrations based on worldwide human milk has resulted in circulating red blood cell (RBC) lipids related to visual and cognitive development. In this study, infants received study formula (17mg DHA/100kcal) with a commercially-available (Control: n=140; DHASCO®) or alternative (DHASCO®-B: n=127) DHA single cell oil from 14 to 120 days of age. No significant group differences were detected for growth rates by gender through 120 days of age. Blood fatty acids at 120 days of age were assessed by capillary column gas chromatography in a participant subset (Control: n=34; DHASCO-B: n=27). The 90% confidence interval (91–104%) for the group mean (geometric) total RBC DHA (µg/mL) ratio fell within the pre-specified equivalence limit (80–125%), establishing study formula equivalence with respect to DHA. This study demonstrated infant formula with DHASCO-B was safe, well-tolerated, and associated with normal growth. Furthermore, DHASCO and DHASCO-B represented equivalent sources of DHA as measured by circulating RBC DHA.

The relationships of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) inhalational dose and oxidative damage in foundry workers

Objective: To investigate the potential dose-response relationship between PCDD/Fs inhalational exposure and oxidative damage to DNA and lipid in foundry workers. Methods: The participants were divided into three groups, including exposure group, administrator group and control group. The concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in air environment were determined by isotope dilution high resolution capillary column gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC-HRMS). The inhalational dose of PCDD/Fs were evaluated by Houmen's model. Urinary 8-OHdG was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detector (HPLC-ECD). Urinary 8-iso-PGF2ɑ were determined by ELISA. Results: The PCDD/Fs environmental concentrations of three groups (pg·TEQ/m) were 0.21±0.08, 0.03±0.01, 0.0012±0.0007 (P<0.05) , respectively. The inhalational dose of exposure group (92.54 (32.90~264.49) fg·TEQ/kg·d) was 5.4 folds higher than the administrator group, and was 201 times more than control group. The levels of urinary 8-OHdG (nmol/L crea) of three groups were 3.25 (1.07~15.36) , 2.72 (0.75~16.07) , 2.17 (0.38~17.07) (P<0.05) and the levels of urinary 8-iso-PGF2ɑ (nmol/L crea) were 19.11 (9.33~76.50) , 20.95 (8.40~79.31) , 11.48 (4.85~37.80) (P<0.05) , respectively. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that there were significantly increased trend for levels of urinary 8-OHdG and 8-iso-PGF2ɑ as PCDD/Fs exposure levels increased, after adjustment for age, sex, smoking statue, alcohol use and BMI (P<0.01). Conclusion: There was a dose-response relationship between PCDD/Fs inhalational exposure and oxidative damage in foundry workers.

Capillary gas chromatographic separation of organic bases using a pH-adjusted basic water stationary phase

The use of a pH-adjusted water stationary phase for analyzing organic bases in capillary gas chromatography (GC) is demonstrated. Through modifying the phase to typical values near pH 11.5, it is found that various organic bases are readily eluted and separated. Conversely, at the normal pH 7 operating level, they are not. Sodium hydroxide is found to be a much more stable base than ammonium hydroxide for altering the pH due to the higher volatility and evaporation of the latter. In the basic condition, such analytes are not ionized and are observed to produce good peak shapes even for injected masses down to about 20ng. By comparison, analyses on a conventional non-polar capillary GC column yield more peak tailing and only analyte masses of 1μg or higher are normally observed. Through carefully altering the pH, it is also found that the selectivity between analytes can be potentially further enhanced if their respective pKa values differ sufficiently. The analysis of different pharmaceutical and petroleum samples containing organic bases is demonstrated. Results indicate that this approach can potentially offer unique and beneficial selectivity in such analyses.

Characterization of sulfur and nitrogen compounds in Brazilian petroleum derivatives using ionic liquid capillary columns in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection

Diesel and naphtha samples were analyzed using ionic liquid (IL) columns to evaluate the best column set for the investigation of organic sulfur compounds (OSC) and nitrogen(N)-containing compounds analyses with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry detector (GC×GC/TOFMS). Employing a series of stationary phase sets, namely DB-5MS/DB-17, DB-17/DB-5MS, DB-5MS/IL-59, and IL-59/DB-5MS, the following parameters were systematically evaluated: number of tentatively identified OSC, 2D chromatographic space occupation, number of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and OSC co-elutions, and percentage of asymmetric peaks. DB-5MS/IL-59 was chosen for OSC analysis, while IL59/DB-5MS was chosen for nitrogen compounds, as each stationary phase set provided the best chromatographic efficiency for these two classes of compounds, respectively. Most compounds were tentatively identified by Lee and Van den Dool and Kratz retention indexes, and spectra-matching to library. Whenever available, compounds were also positively identified via injection of authentic standards.

Bottom-up synthesis of chiral covalent organic frameworks and their bound capillaries for chiral separation.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a novel class of porous materials, and offer great potential for various applications. However, the applications of COFs in chiral separation and chiral catalysis are largely underexplored due to the very limited chiral COFs available and their challenging synthesis. Here we show a bottom-up strategy to construct chiral COFs and an in situ growth approach to fabricate chiral COF-bound capillary columns for chiral gas chromatography. We incorporate the chiral centres into one of the organic ligands for the synthesis of the chiral COFs. We subsequently in situ prepare the COF-bound capillary columns. The prepared chiral COFs and their bound capillary columns give high resolution for the separation of enantiomers with excellent repeatability and reproducibility. The proposed strategy provides a promising platform for the synthesis of chiral COFs and their chiral separation application.

Water Determination in Solid Pharmaceutical Products Utilizing Ionic Liquids and Headspace Gas Chromatography

A rapid, accurate, and precise headspace gas chromatographic (HSGC) analytical method was developed for the detection and quantification of water in drug products. The analysis is able to be performed in 10 min and automated. The HSGC method used an ionic liquid (IL) based open tubular capillary gas chromatographic column to increase the ruggedness of this method and provide improved peak shapes for water. Due to the ionic liquids low vapor pressure, unique physiochemical properties, and high thermal stability, they also make idea solvents for HSGC. Unlike Karl Fischer titration methods, this HSGC method is not affected by side reactions. The developed method was shown to be broadly applicable. The water content in 12 different samples was found to range from 1%-7% water. The use of HSGC was highly sensitive and only required 10 mg of sample. In addition, it was found to have greater precision and accuracy than Karl Fischer titration and greater precision and speed than loss on drying.

Advances on the separation of crocetane and phytane using GC–MS and GC×GC–TOFMS

The C20 isoprenoid crocetane (2,6,11,15-tetramethylhexadecane) is an environmental diagnostic biomarker that can be used as a proxy for both anaerobic methane oxidation and photic zone euxinia. Crocetane co-elutes with its isomer phytane (2,6,10,14-tetramethylhexadecane) on many gas chromatographic capillary columns, making the detection of crocetane analytically challenging. The separation of crocetane and phytane is reported here using: (i) a one-dimensional gas chromatography (GC) method and (ii) a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) chiral method. The one-dimensional method employs a (14% cyanopropyl-phenyl)-methylpolysiloxane (DB-1701) capillary GC stationary phase where crocetane and phytane elute isothermally. This resulted in the highest resolution reported to date on a non-chiral column and allows for the analysis of both crocetane and conventional biomarkers in a single injection. The GC×GC chiral method reported here is capable of separating crocetane from phytane in whole oils without any pre-separation work, diminishing any effects and potential losses associated with sample preparation.

Growth and Tolerance of a Routine Infant Formula with an Alternative DHA Source Fed to Term Infants

BackgroundDocasahexaenoic (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) are long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) important for fetal and infant development. When fed at concentrations based on worldwide human milk composition, DHA in infant formula is related to visual and cognitive development in term infants and has resulted in red blood cell (RBC) LCPUFA concentrations comparable to breastfed infants1,2. Commercially available algal‐derived DHA single cell oil (DHASCO) is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in and at certain levels specified for infant formula. DHASCO also has a long history of safe use in infant formula. Recently, a new DHA‐rich single cell oil (DHASCO‐B) from an alternative marine algae source achieved GRAS status for a similar use.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to establish that the investigational cow's milk‐based formula with an alternative DHA source (DHASCO‐B) compared to the marketed formula with the current DHA source (DHASCO; Control) provides adequate growth and dietary bioequivalence with respect to DHA.MethodsIn this multi‐center, double‐blind, randomized, controlled, parallel‐group, prospective study, infants received one of two study formulas with DHA at 17 mg/100 kcal: Control (n=140) or an investigational formula (DHASCO‐B, n=127). The primary outcome was growth rate from 14 to 120 days. Growth rates were analyzed by gender using ANOVA. A blood sample was collected at 120 days of age in a subset of participants (Control, n =34; DHASCO‐B, n=27). DHA and ARA concentrations in RBC (μg/mL) were assessed by capillary column gas chromatography. A 90% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for the ratio of the group mean (geometric) total RBC DHA concentration.ResultsThere were no group differences in infant demographic or anthropometric characteristics at enrollment or study completion rate. No significant group differences were observed for weight, length, or head circumference growth rates by gender from 14 to 120 days of age. The calculated CI for total RBC DHA concentration for the investigational relative to the Control group (91 to 104%) fell within the pre‐specified equivalence limit (80 to 125%). No statistically significant differences (P&lt;0.05) in total RBC DHA or ARA concentrations (μg/ml) (DHA: Control, 90.2 ±2.31; DHASCO‐B, 88.1 ±2.59 and ARA: Control, 243.6 ±4.68; DHASCO‐B, 240.8 ±5.25) or percent of total fatty acids (wt/wt) (DHA: Control, 5.52 ±0.12; DHASCO‐B, 5.52 ±0.13 and ARA: 14.90 ±0.24, DHASCO‐B: 15.15 ±0.27) were detected.ConclusionsResults of this study demonstrated the investigational formula provided adequate growth and dietary bioequivalence when fed to healthy term infants from 14 to 120 days of age compared to the control formula with the traditional source of DHA.Support or Funding InformationAC Patterson, KH Maditz, J Wampler, C Harris, A Kirchoff, and CL Berseth are full‐time employees of Mead Johnson Nutrition.

A novel ultrashort capillary gas chromatography method using on-column injection and detection

A novel method for ultrashort capillary column gas chromatography (GC) analysis is introduced, which employs on-column injection and detection and rapid temperature programming. Using 10–20 cm long capillary columns, results showed that the method provides efficient and very rapid separations for relatively simple mixtures. Moreover, the on-column aspect of the method used here is demonstrated to avoid the extra column analyte degradation that can occur in traditional approaches to such separations. As a result, the developed method allows for the first time the GC analysis of some very large and (or) highly thermally labile analytes, such as polypeptides and drug molecules that are normally prone to decomposition. As an application, this method is further used to monitor pharmaceutical degradant formation as a function of temperature and was found to provide similar results to those obtained from conventional high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Overall, the findings indicate that this ultrashort GC column approach could be useful in these areas and potentially others, where relatively simple GC analysis and universal flame ionization detection is desirable.

The Collaborative Study on the Enzymatic Analysis of Positional Distribution of Short- and Medium-chain Fatty Acids in Milk Fat Using Immobilized Candida antarctica Lipase B.

The positional distributions of fatty acids (FAs) in milk fat containing short- and medium-chain FAs were analyzed by sn-1(3)-selective transesterification of triacylglycerols (TAGs) with ethanol using immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB), in a collaborative study conducted by 10 laboratories. The mean C4:0, C6:0, and C8:0 FA contents, when analyzed as propyl esters (PEs) using gas chromatography (GC) with a DB-23 capillary column, were found to be 3.0, 2.0, and, 1.3 area%, respectively. Their reproducibility standard deviations were 0.33, 0.18, and 0.19, respectively. The mean C4:0, C6:0, and C8:0 contents at the sn-2 position were 0.3, 0.4, and 1.0 area%, respectively. Their reproducibility standard deviations were 0.17, 0.11, and 0.19, respectively. The reproducibility standard deviations of C4:0, C6:0, and C8:0 FAs at the sn-2 position were either the same as or smaller than those for milk fat, although the FA contents at the sn-2 position were smaller than those in the milk fat. Therefore, it was concluded that the CALB method for estimating the regiospecific distribution is applicable to TAGs containing short- and medium-chain FAs. When estimating the short-chain (SC) FA contents in fats and oils by GC, it is better to analyze SCFAs as PEs or butyl esters, and not as methyl esters, in order to prevent loss of SCFAs during the experimental procedure because of their volatility and water solubility. This study also revealed that the stationary phase of the GC capillary column affected the flame ionization detector (FID) response of SCFAs. The theoretical FID correction factor (MWFA / active carbon number / atomic weight of carbon) fitted well with the actual FID responses of C4:0-C12:0 FAs when they were analyzed as PEs using a DB-23 column; however, this was not the case when the GC analysis was performed using wax-type columns.

Determination of ethylene glycol in workplace air by capillary column gas chromatography

To establish the method of capillary column gas chromatography for determination of ethylene glycol in workplace air. Ethylene glycol in workplace air was collected with silicone tube, desorbed with methanol, separated with FFAP (nitroterephthalic acid-modified polyethylene glycol)capillary column, and measured with flame ionization detector. The detection limit of ethylene glycol was 0.41 mg/L, the lower limit of quantification was 1.4 mg/L, the range of measurement was 1.4~163.9 mg/L, and the minimum detectable concentration was 0.3 mg/m3 (1.5 L of air was collected as the sample). This method had a good repeatability, the relative standard deviation was 1.4%~5.2%, the average desorption efficiency was 94.4%~101.7%, and the sampling efficiency was 99.2%~100%. The penetrating capacity of 200 mg silicone was higher than 6.9 mg, and the samples could be preserved for 14 days at room temperature. The method has a low detection limit, high accuracy, and good precision, which is feasible for determination of ethylene glycol in workplace air.

Stationary phases deposition on the planar columns capillaries

One of the modern trends of chromatography is the miniaturization of the analytical equipment. A successful way to carry out miniaturization is to use planar technologies based on methods developed for the creation of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The most important part of any chromatographic system is a column, which determines both the quality and the separation time of the analyzed mixture. The review considers the methods of the deposition of stationary phases (SP) on the planar capillary column for gas chromatography. These methods are based on traditional methods for capillary gas chromatography, as well as borrowed from those used in planar technologies. The methods of stationary phase deposition for gas–liquid and gas–solid chromatography are described; also, a comparison of the prepared columns based on their chromatographic parameters is presented.