Purpose Open innovation (OI) is based on inbound and outbound flows, which exhibit imbalance in the literature, with few publications addressing outbound flow. This research aims to study the impacts of two outbound OI approaches (inventive capacity and desorptive capacity) on project technical and market performance and to examine the moderator role that absorptive capacity (ACAP) plays in this relation. Design/methodology/approach This study is focused on the automotive industry, which includes 126 projects from different companies, and uses the PLS-SEM method to analyze the research model. Findings The results indicate that desorptive capacity has a greater positive impact on the technical and market project performance, compared to inventive capacity, which in turn has a negative relationship with technical performance and a moderately positive relationship with market performance. Furthermore, we find that while RACAP (Realized ACAP) moderates both the relationship between desorptive capacity and technical and market performance, PACAP (Potential ACAP) moderates only the relationship between inventive capacity and market performance. Practical implications This study sheds light on the differences between OI at the firm level and the project level. It is natural for project teams to work in partnership with other stakeholders to achieve innovation goals. Project managers in the automotive industry should realize that the knowledge outflow becomes more intense given the shared nature of the product development process. Originality/value Few studies currently study open innovation (OI) from knowledge outflow, and one of the reasons for this is that research focuses on firms rather than project teams. This research is oriented toward studying outbound OI from the development of desorptive and inventive capacity within the context of project teams. Furthermore, this study evaluates the moderating role of ACAP on the relationships between inventive/desorptive capacity and technical and market project performance.

Financial sustainability and the integration of metaverse finance, fintech innovation, green capacity, digital innovation and digital marketing

This community service program was conducted in Leo Ulos, Simalungun, in response to the high cultural value of Ulos, which has not been optimally marketed to the global premium segment. The program aims to strengthen culture-based marketing capacity through cross-cultural collaboration between students from the Faculty of Economics and Business, HKBP Nommensen University, and students from the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU). A participatory approach was used through observation, community discussions, and guidance on branding and cross-cultural marketing strategies. The results of the activities showed an increase in the artisans' understanding of the positioning of Ulos as a premium brand, a shift in mindset towards the international market, and the growth of confidence and more adaptive and sustainable marketing practices. This program has a positive impact, not only in improving marketing understanding but also in applying more modern and relevant strategies for the global market, which is expected to enhance the competitiveness of Ulos in the international market.

As renewable energy sources (RESs) become increasingly prevalent, limitations on connecting new sources arise due to insufficient suitable locations and grid constraints. Existing RES installations introduce challenges such as generation variability, the necessity for costly reserves, and overproduction, which can lead to forced outages. In response, grid operators have adopted more flexible connection policies, notably “cable pooling”, which only restricts the power injected at a given node rather than the total capacity of the connected sources. This article proposes a method for optimal sizing of diverse RES combinations connected to high-voltage networks under cable pooling conditions from an investor’s perspective. The most prominent findings show the existence of a strong relationship between optimal RES sizing and composition on financial objectives, revenue sources, and market prices. Subsequent achievements involve demonstrating that the profitability of energy storage without subsidies is essentially limited to participation in the capacity market and that the reduction of RES generation depends on the investor’s financial objective, not on the market type.

This community service activity was carried out with the aim of enhancing the competitiveness and brand image of Macaron Tuffero through the development of a Profile Website as an effective and sustainable digital promotion medium. The partner of this program is the Macaron Tuffero SME, which operates in the production of cakes and desserts, located in Dau District, Malang Regency. The activity involved the business owner and staff as primary participants who collaborated actively with the community service team from Politeknik Negeri Malang. The main problem faced by the partner was the limited use of digital promotion media and the absence of an official platform to professionally present the business profile. To address this issue, the activity was implemented through five main stages: needs analysis, website design and architecture planning, system development and implementation, testing, and website usage training. The website was developed using the WordPress platform with the WooCommerce plugin to facilitate product catalogs and online ordering features. The results show that the developed website functions properly, consistently presents the business’s visual identity, and integrates with various social media and marketplace platforms. The website also provides convenience for the business owner to independently update content. Overall, this community service program successfully delivered a practical digital solution that contributes to marketing capacity enhancement and supports digital transformation among SMEs in the technology-based economy era.

The article examines the essence of an enterprise's market potential and its role in ensuring high results in the production, economic, and financial activities of enterprises, in particular small and medium-sized businesses, which ensure the sustainable development of Ukraine. It has been established that the growth of enterprises' performance significantly depends on their market potential. Currently, small and medium-sized businesses are becoming the flagships of the national economy's development, increasing their market potential through accelerated digitalization and automation; integration into European value chains; the creation of technological microclusters; energy decentralization; entry into global digital markets; and social adaptability, in particular for veterans, internally displaced persons, and other socially vulnerable groups. Many small and medium-sized enterprises have found their way to increasing their market potential by actively participating in various business support programs. Innovative aspects of increasing the market potential of enterprises involve the ability of an enterprise to use scientific and technical achievements and untapped opportunities when developing innovative strategies, developing innovative infrastructure, attracting investments in order to reduce the gap between market capacity and demand, unsatisfied by the enterprise's current offering by increasing production capacity, creating new products/services, and improving processes of interaction with the market environment. Therefore, in the process of accumulating market potential, enterprises must not only respond quickly to changes in the external environment and be capable of mastering new types of resources, techniques, and technologies for the production of new types of products (services), but also be ready to move to hyper-personalized offerings in real time. All this will enable small and medium-sized businesses to achieve sustainable development and ensure a high level of competitiveness in the long term.

The article examines problems in the application of antitrust legislation to the wholesale market for electric energy and capacity in the Russian Federation. The key features of the wholesale electricity market that determine the specifics of antitrust regulation are revealed: technological dependence on infrastructure, impossibility of storing electricity, the need for instant balancing of supply and demand, high barriers to entry and natural concentration of production. The current criteria for determining the dominant position of economic entities and the mechanisms for their application in light of the specific features of the power industry are analyzed. It is noted that existing legal norms contain internal contradictions and do not take into account sectoral characteristics of the electricity market. It is shown that the dominance criteria include elements of entities’ behavior, which contradicts the basic principles of antitrust regulation. It is determined that ex post market modeling violates the principle of legal certainty. The conclusion is drawn that a systemic adjustment of the legislation is necessary, taking into account the technological and economic characteristics of the power sector, including a revision of the dominance criteria and the streamlining of the sanctioning mechanism.

PESTEL research determines organic tomato farming chances in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. This mixed-method study interviews 100 consumers and 20 farmers. This study indicates that environmental and social awareness increases the organic tomato market's capacity to improve agricultural sustainability. Market access and farmer yields will improve with government help, public knowledge, and technical advancement. Thus, many organic farmers can balance yields and incomes. Disastrous weather, pests, and diseases are hurdles. Farmers with organic certification earn more and produce more sustainably. This report stresses the necessity for concerted efforts to overcome historical limitations and improve organic tomato production. Government, farmers, and research organizations must collaborate to enhance agricultural practices and yields. Knowledge of the sector's external environment can help stakeholders improve sustainable agricultural policies and initiatives. This study advances organic farming science and helps the agriculture industry's future. This study supports an eco-friendly approach that meets customer and market needs. This study can help policymakers and practitioners improve contemporary, ecological agriculture worldwide. Keywords: Organic agriculture, climate change, vegetable cultivation, environmental sustainability, consumer awareness, agricultural policy.

This study analyzes government strategies aimed at facilitating community development through the Constituency Development Fund (CDF), with a specific focus on the Ndola Youth in Agriculture Empowerment Scheme. The research sought to: (i) examine the effects of CDF in facilitating agricultural productivity among youth smallholder farmers in Ndola District; (ii) analyze the socio-economic implications of CDF among youth smallholder farmers; (iii) establish policy interventions to enhance the effective use of the empowerment scheme; and (iv) ascertain challenges in youth empowerment schemes within the district. A descriptive case study research design was adopted to provide an in-depth understanding of the scheme’s implementation and outcomes. The study population comprised 100 individuals in the catchment area, including 50 youth farmers and 50 key informants drawn from CDF committee members and relevant government officials. Data was collected using structured questionnaires for youth farmers and semi-structured interviews for key informants. Secondary data was sourced from official reports, policy documents, and previous studies on CDF implementation. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data was thematically analyzed to capture insights on challenges, perceptions, and policy gaps. Findings revealed that the CDF empowerment scheme significantly contributed to improved access to farming inputs, equipment, and training, leading to increased agricultural productivity among beneficiaries. However, the degree of impact varied depending on timely disbursement of funds, level of technical support, and beneficiaries’ prior farming experience. Socio-economic benefits included increased household income, improved food security, and enhanced youth engagement in productive activities, thereby reducing unemployment and poverty levels. Nonetheless, challenges such as inadequate monitoring, delayed funding, limited market access, and lack of follow-up training hindered the full realization of program objectives. The study identified the need for stronger policy interventions, including the establishment of a transparent beneficiary selection process, integration of market linkage programs, and continuous technical support. Improved monitoring and evaluation frameworks, coupled with timely fund disbursement, were highlighted as critical factors for sustainability. Additionally, enhancing collaboration between government agencies, private sector actors, and community stakeholders was found essential to maximizing the scheme’s long-term impact. It is concluded that while the CDF empowerment scheme holds significant potential for driving agricultural productivity and socio-economic development among youth in Ndola District, its effectiveness is contingent upon addressing operational bottlenecks, improving accountability, and ensuring that empowerment initiatives are complemented by market and skills development strategies. The study recommends that policymakers adopt a holistic approach that integrates capacity building, infrastructure development, and market access support to ensure that youth empowerment schemes translate into sustainable community development.

This Community Partnership Program (PKM) was implemented to enhance the digital marketing capacity of the Woloan Jaya Traditional House Craftsmen Group in Tomohon City, North Sulawesi. The main problem identified was that the marketing activities were still mostly conventional, limiting market reach. This program aimed to support the digital transformation of the business through a participatory approach. The implementation method consisted of: (1) initial situation analysis, (2) development of a product marketing website using the WordPress CMS platform, (3) three training sessions (basic digital marketing, website development and management, marketing management), (4) production of digital promotional content, and (5) ongoing mentoring and monitoring. The results indicate that the website www.woloanjaya.com is active and has begun to be accessed by potential customers. Digital promotional content has been created and utilized as part of the initial campaign, and the partners’ skills in managing social media and website content have improved significantly. The initial impact observed includes increased product visibility online, greater customer interaction through WhatsApp Business, and stronger motivation from partners to utilize digital technology independently. This program is expected to increase sales turnover and expand market reach while contributing to the achievement of university Key Performance Indicators (IKU) through the active involvement of students.

The development of digital technology encourages businesses, particularly Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), to adopt digital-based marketing strategies to increase competitiveness and product sales. However, many MSMEs still have not optimally utilized social media as a means of business promotion. This community service activity aims to improve the knowledge and skills of MSMEs in utilizing Facebook Professional Mode (FB Pro) as an online business promotion platform. The implementation method includes training, direct practice, and mentoring in the use of FB Pro features, such as managing promotional content, utilizing insights or analytics, and strategies to increase audience engagement. This activity was carried out at the Ende BUMN House with the involvement of assisted MSMEs as training participants. The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' understanding of digital marketing concepts and their ability to manage FB Pro accounts for product promotion activities more effectively. In addition, participants were able to produce more structured and attractive promotional content and understand how to read analytical data as a basis for marketing decision-making. Thus, training on utilizing FB Pro as a business promotion platform can be a strategic solution to increase online sales and strengthen the digital marketing capacity of MSMEs in a sustainable manner.

This community service article aims to improve the marketing capacity of UMKM Tri.Crochet Situgede through the implementation of an integrated digital marketing strategy. The method used is qualitative with a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, involving collaboration between the implementation team and the UMKM owners. The program includes need assessment, branding improvement, promotional content creation, product photography, and optimization of Instagram and TikTok as the primary marketing platforms. Training and technical assistance were provided to enable UMKM to independently create content, manage posting schedules, and expand promotional reach. The results show a significant improvement in visual content quality, audience engagement, account reach, and product visibility. This directly impacted the increase in product sales. The findings indicate that an effective digital marketing strategy can enhance the competitiveness and market penetration of creative UMKM. Ongoing mentoring also proved crucial in ensuring the sustainability of marketing practices applied to handmade craft UMKM, allowing them to continue growing in an increasingly competitive market.

Mushroom cultivation and processing are increasingly promoted in the Philippines as livelihood options for rural families. However, empirical evidence on their performance as sources of income remains limited. Accordingly, this study examined the viability of household mushroom cultivation and processing as income-generating activities and entrepreneurial opportunities in Bulacan, Central Luzon, Philippines. A descriptive multiple case design was used, involving four mushroom entrepreneurs (three cultivators and one processor) purposively selected, along with key informants from the Central Luzon State University Mushroom Center and the Department of Trade and Industry in Bulacan. Semi-structured interviews documented enterprise characteristics, challenges, support services, opportunities, and income patterns. In addition, simple cost and revenue estimates were prepared for a cultivation setup with 10,000 fruiting bags and a crispy mushroom processing operation using about 100 kilograms of fresh mushrooms per day. The findings show that most mushroom ventures are home-based, require modest capital, and allow household members, particularly women, to combine income-earning activities with family responsibilities. Furthermore, the cases reveal recurring issues in input sourcing, contamination, labor, and market access, which are partly addressed through technical training, product development assistance, shared service facilities, and enterprise development programs provided by support institutions. Financial analysis suggests that cultivators can achieve profit margins of approximately 63-99 percent, depending on the extent of outsourced inputs, whereas processors can generate an estimated 42 percent profit margin. Overall, the study indicates that mushroom cultivation and processing, when supported by appropriate technologies and when given active institutional support, can provide a regular household income and serve as viable entrepreneurial pathways for rural families in Bulacan. Moving forward, the study highlights the need for targeted capacity building, compliance support, market development, and cooperative or cluster initiatives to strengthen mushroom enterprises.

The community service program aimed to enhance the digital marketing capacity of micro, small, and medium enterprise (MSME) entrepreneurs in Perumnas Monang Maning, West Denpasar. This initiative was motivated by the limited understanding and application of digital marketing strategies among local MSME actors, which hindered their competitiveness in the digital economy. The program sought to strengthen participants’ abilities to promote products and services through online platforms effectively. The activity was conducted on October 25–26, 2025, in Perumnas Monang Maning, involving ten lecturers from Universitas Pamulang as facilitators and twenty-four local residents as participants. The implementation methods included lectures, hands-on practice, group discussions, and question-and-answer sessions. The PKM process consisted of three stages: preparation, implementation, and reporting. The results indicated a significant improvement in participants’ knowledge and practical skills in digital marketing, particularly in creating social media content, managing online promotions, and developing simple digital catalogs. Furthermore, participants reported increased confidence in using digital tools to expand their business networks and customer reach. Overall, the program effectively contributed to empowering local MSMEs to adopt sustainable digital marketing strategies.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in supporting local economic development, but many face challenges in increasing sales due to limited marketing knowledge. In Desa Situ Gadung, Tangerang Regency, local traders often struggle to identify and target their market effectively, which hinders business growth. This community service activity aimed to improve the marketing capacity of MSME traders by introducing practical market segmentation strategies to enhance product sales. The program was conducted at Tajaul Karomatu School on November 7–8, 2025, and was implemented by three lecturers from Universitas Pamulang, involving 17 local traders as participants. The activity was carried out in three stages: preparation, implementation, and reporting. During the implementation stage, participants engaged in material presentations, practical exercises, group discussions, and question-and-answer sessions to ensure understanding and application of market segmentation principles. The results showed that participants gained a better understanding of identifying target customer groups, customizing products to meet consumer needs, and adopting appropriate promotional strategies for different market segments. They also actively applied these concepts in planning to increase their sales. This initiative not only enhanced the marketing skills of local traders but also promoted community engagement and contributed to sustainable economic development in Desa Situ Gadung.

This community service activity was carried out to enhance the marketing capacity of handicraft entrepreneurs in Situ Gadung Village, Tangerang Regency. The background of the program arises from the limited market access and competitiveness of local handicraft products, which rely primarily on conventional sales channels. The main objective of this activity was to improve participants’ knowledge and skills in developing community-based marketing strategies that leverage collaboration and digital platforms. The activity was conducted on November 4–5, 2025, by six lecturers from Universitas Pamulang, with 19 local residents engaged in handicraft trading as participants. The methods of implementation included material presentation, practical exercises, group discussions, and question-and-answer sessions. The PKM process consisted of three stages: preparation, implementation, and reporting. The results indicated that participants gained better understanding of community-based and online marketing strategies, were able to collaboratively create promotional content, and successfully established a small online marketplace network within their community. This activity contributed to empowering local entrepreneurs by fostering participatory approaches and sustainable marketing practices.

The production of certified extension rice seed is essential for ensuring the availability of superior and adaptive varieties, yet its sustainability faces cross-dimensional pressures. This study aims to assess the sustainability status of the extension seed production system in West Lombok Regency. Data were collected from rice seed producers using the Slovin formula and verified through cross-checking for accuracy and consistency. The sustainability status was analyzed using Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) based on the RAPHYTON approach. Model validity was confirmed via Monte Carlo simulation, low stress (<0.11), and high R-squared (>0.98). The results indicate a multidimensional sustainability index of 68.47, categorized as moderately sustainable, with social and technological dimensions scoring highest, and economic and ecological dimensions lowest. The study highlights the fragile transitional phase of the extension seed system and recommends policy strategies focusing on market diversification, strengthening seed growers’ capacity, certification reforms, and digital marketing adoption to enhance resilience, inclusiveness, and adaptability.

Madu Syukri MSME in Pariaman produces trigona honey and faces production and marketing constraints, including excessive honey moisture content due to inadequate harvesting tools and limited product differentiation. This Community Service Program was designed to strengthen the enterprise’s value chain and market positioning. Interventions included the design of a honey dehydrator to optimize moisture levels, development of branding and labeling, packaging differentiation to enhance product positioning, and engineering of a battery- and dynamo-powered honey suction tool to increase harvesting efficiency. Activities comprised field observation, stakeholder interviews, needs assessment, and solution implementation. Results demonstrate that the dehydrator effectively reduced moisture without compromising honey quality. Branding and packaging innovations enhanced consumer appeal and market visibility, while the suction device streamlined harvesting operations. Overall, the program improved production consistency and marketing capacity, thereby increasing the competitiveness of Madu Syukri MSME in local and national markets. Findings highlight the importance of integrating technological upgrading and marketing innovation to address MSME production and market challenges.

Tobacco use is not only a public health issue, but also a significant economic issue. The number of tobacco users, excise taxes, and regulations directly impact the state budget, tax revenues, the labor market, and economic growth. Despite its high prevalence, regulating the tobacco sector is challenging, as it relies on market resistance, smuggling, consumer behavioral responses, and the differing economic capabilities of social groups. In Georgia, as in many countries, the state budget receives significant revenues from tobacco excise taxes, which makes it possible to finance healthcare, education, and infrastructure programs. However, high excise taxes and other regulations, such as smoke-free zones and advertising bans, affect tobacco sales and market structure, partly contributing to smuggling and the growth of the black market, which leads to a decrease in state revenues. Economic analyses show that reducing tobacco consumption through pricing policies (excise taxes, price increases) and regulations (marketing restrictions, smoke-free zones) may have negative budgetary impacts in the short term, but in the medium and long term, taking into account health, work capacity and labor market effects, it creates the potential for successful economic benefits. Short-term losses include a partial reduction in revenues, an increase in smuggling, and in the long term - more effective monitoring of production and the impact of reduced consumption on market stability. In the future, the country's policymakers can use an integrated economic approach to control the consequences of tobacco use, increase tax revenues, reduce black market risks, and provide sustainable, long-term economic benefits to the state and society.

The transition toward a circular economy has become essential in addressing environmental challenges and economic limitations in resource-based rural communities. Bentek Village, North Lombok Regency, faces persistent problems related to unmanaged bamboo waste generated from satay stick industries, which poses environmental risks and lacks economic value. This community service program aimed to accelerate the implementation of a waste-to-wealth–based circular economy by enhancing technical capacity, social entrepreneurship, and digital marketing skills. The target partners were the Kelompok Tani Hutan (KTH) “Lengkah Pangkok” and the youth organization Karang Taruna “Bareng-Bareng,” involving 40 participants. The program employed a participatory action research approach through stages of socialization, focus group discussions, training on bamboo waste processing into organic fertilizer and bio-briquettes, social entrepreneurship strengthening, infrastructure development, and continuous mentoring and evaluation. The results indicate an average competency improvement of 40.3% based on pre-test and post-test analyses, covering technical knowledge, social entrepreneurship, and digital marketing competencies. Qualitatively, the program enhanced environmental awareness, community participation, the establishment of two new waste-based business units, and reduced bamboo waste by approximately 60%. These findings demonstrate that a community-based circular economy approach is effective in promoting social empowerment, economic resilience, and environmental sustainability at the village level.