CaO Powder Research Articles

Mechanisms of gelation induced by laser irradiation for CaO powder dispersed in ethanol – Formation of calcium acetate and its role in gelation

Our recent study of gelation induced by laser ablation of CaO powders dispersed in ethanol proposed that CaO particle size composition would be an important factor affecting gelation because gelation is brought about by mixing a colloid composed of laser-fragmented particles and a raw CaO colloid. The present work was conducted to clarify this point. Results showed that, differing from our assumption, laser-fragmented particles are not necessary for gelation because gelation occurred even when laser-fragmented particles were removed from a laser-irradiated colloid before mixing it with a raw CaO colloid. Moreover, findings revealed that acetic acid generated by laser-induced oxidation of ethanol causes gelation, as confirmed by the fact that gelation also occurred when a proper amount of acetic acid was added to a raw CaO colloid. Results also revealed that nanofibers composed of calcium acetate hydrate play an important role in the gel structure formation. Results demonstrated that the gel structure and composition can be controlled simply by adjusting the amount of acetic acid without laser irradiation, suggesting that the results obtained from this study are useful as a newly developed and simple method of preparing calcium gel with various structures.

Characterization of ZnWO4, MgWO4, and CaWO4 Ceramics Synthesized in the Field of a Powerful Radiation Flux

This paper presents the results of a study on the morphology, structure, and luminescent properties of ceramics synthesized in the radiation field of MeWO4 compositions (where Me is Mg, Ca, and Zn). The synthesis of ceramics was carried out by the direct action of the electron flux on an initial mixture of powders of the given stoichiometric composition. WO3, ZnO, MgO, and CaO powders with particle sizes in the range of 1–50 microns were used for the synthesis of the samples. It was found that the yield of the radiation synthesis reaction (the ratio of the mass of the sample and the charge used), when treated with an electron flux with an energy of 1.4 MeV and a flux power density of 15–18 kW/cm2, was in the range of 75–99%. The synthesis of all compositions was carried out under the same radiation treatment modes, although the melting temperatures of the starting materials varied significantly and ranged from 1473 °C (WO3) to 2825 °C (MgO). The study of the ceramic structure showed that under the radiation effect of powerful radiation fluxes on the charge, a crystalline phase of the appropriate composition formed, regardless of the synthesis modes. The results of XRD studies show that during the radiation treatment of the charge, ceramics are formed mainly with the crystalline phases ZnWO4, MgWO4, and CaWO4. These resulting MeWO4 ceramics can be used for the same purposes as crystals. Photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) were studied under excitation using stationary ultraviolet radiation and nanosecond pulses of electron flux. In general, the PL and CL of synthesized ceramic samples ZnWO4, MgWO4, and CaWO4 showed that their luminescent properties are similar to those of luminescence in corresponding crystalline materials. This indicates the formation of a crystalline phase in synthesized ceramic samples.

Al2O3 enhanced bi-phase high-entropy ceramic composites

One limitation of high-entropy ceramics is the low toughness that could hinder their implementations in the relevant industries despite the diverse potential applications. This challenge is increasingly attempted in recent years with high-entropy ceramic composites which consisted of high-entropy ceramic matrix and secondary phase. A suitable secondary phase candidate is Al2O3 which to-date has not been reported for such ceramic composites. In this work, bi-phase high-entropy ceramic composites of cubic fluorite oxide matrix and Al2O3 secondary phase were in situ synthesized from HfO2, ZrO2, CeO2, CaO and Al2O3 nano powders via solid-state reaction method. Variation of thermal and mechanical properties of the composites with Al ratio was due to the combined effects of the inherent properties of Al2O3, concentrations of grain boundary and of oxygen vacancies. The high-entropy ceramic composites enhanced by Al2O3 were also compared with yttria-stabilised zirconia for potential application as thermal barrier coating material.

Selective recovery of vanadium from chloride titanium dioxide effluent and preparation of high-purity thermotropic vanadium dioxide(M): An ammonia-free process

Vanadium recovery is critical for the hazard-free treatment and resourceful utilization of chloride titanium dioxide effluent (CTDE). Traditional ammonia precipitation vanadium recovery process from chloride titanium dioxide effluent suffered issues of the long process, high cost, and severe ammonia pollution risk. To solve these issues, an ammonia-free method consisting of V extraction from chloride titanium dioxide effluent by D2EHPA, direct VO2+ hydrolysis precipitation, and vacuum calcination was designed to produce VO2(M). The effect of conditions on V recovery, impurities behaviors, and vacuum dehydration mechanisms in each step was systematically investigated. Experimental results demonstrated that over 96.50% of vanadium was precipitated in the form of VO2∙xH2O by mixing CaO powder at 25 °C for 5 min until pH reached 4.20. And then, high purity VO2(M) (VO2 >99.50%) was prepared by vacuum calcined at 500 °C for 2 h in the tube furnace. Further characterizations revealed that the crystal structure of the calcined product was a monoclinic crystal structure with the space group of P21/c (VO2(M)), and the phase transition temperature was 57.8 °C. This demonstrated that the produced VO2(M) had met the established market standards and exhibited stable thermotropic degeneration, making it suitable for use in thermistors and other related fields. Compared with the conventional ammonia precipitation V recovery process, the proposed process exhibits a promising industrial application due to the short flow, near-zero wastes, higher economic efficiency, and superior product performance. In conclusion, it provides a clean and efficient vanadium recovery strategy from chloride titanium dioxide effluent.

In-situ Synchrotron Radiation XRD Crystal Structure and Microstructure Analysis of CaO-ZrO2 solid-solution at 1100°C with Prolonged Heating

Abstract The structural analysis of the CaO-ZrO2 solid-solutions was carried out using in-situ synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD). CaO-ZrO2 solid-solutions with 0, 2.5, and 5 at.% CaO contents were synthesized via a solid-solid ball milling technique. The amorphous ZrO2 powder was synthesized via co-precipitation using ZrCl4 and NH4OH as precursors, while the CaO powder was purified from a local limestone. In-situ SR-XRD measurements were conducted on the CaO-ZrO2 mixtures by independently heating them to 1100°C for different holding times of 0, 12, 24, and 36 minutes using a DHS furnace. Qualitative analysis of all SR-XRD patterns showed that only tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO2) was present. The crystallite size of tetragonal zirconia ranged from 17 to 22 nm, depending on calcination holding time and CaO addition. Further analysis showed that the tetragonality (c/a) parameter remained relatively constant over the 36-minute holding time. However, the introduction of CaO led to an insignificant reduction in tetragonality, averaging 0.292%.

Passive direct air capture using calcium oxide powder: The importance of water vapor

Calcium oxide (CaO; lime) looping is a proposed technology with the potential to capture gigatonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere to help mitigate climate change. The importance of water in carbonation reactions is widely understood as it is needed for mineral and CO2 dissolution and carbonate precipitation. However, the effects of water vapor on CaO carbonation pathways and rates have yet to be elucidated in a systematic manner. Here, we examine the impact of relative humidity (RH) on CO2 removal using CaO powder at 20% to 95% RH. Higher RH resulted in faster hydration rates, forming Ca(OH)2 (portlandite); however, passivation limited carbonation in all experiments, with the greatest carbonation occurring at 80% RH (65% CaCO3; calcite). Thus, CaO powder is highly prone to passivation when using RH to drive hydration and carbonation. In RH swing experiments, RH was changed at different times (hours or days) and by different amounts (e.g., 40–99%). Humidity swings can yield >85% CaCO3 when complete CaO hydration at a low RH (<40%) occurs before carbonation at a high RH (∼99%). Importantly, separating these two processes yields nearly complete carbonation. In this case, we achieved a CO2 removal rate of 1 t CO2 for every 1.95 t of Ca(OH)2 per day.

Experimental phase diagram study for the AlN-Al2O3-CaO system and application of thermodynamic calculations to AlN sintering process

In this study, the phase diagram of the AlN-Al2O3-CaO system at 1600 °C was experimentally investigated using the classical equilibration and quenching technique. The liquidus of CaO and AlN in the AlN-Al2O3-CaO system at 1600 °C was accurately determined for the first time using the mixture of pre-melted CaO-Al2O3 glass, CaO and AlN powder as the starting materials under the N2-5 vol% H2 atmosphere. The accuracy of FactSage FTOXCN database was confirmed by the comparison of the calculated diagram with the present experimental results. Thermodynamic analysis of the AlN sintering process with CaO additive was carried out using the FTOXCN database to understand the influence of CaO additive to densification of AlN.

Synthesis of spherical CaO pellets incorporated with Mg, Y, and Ce inert carriers for CO2 capture.

Sintering and elutriation are two main problems of the calcium looping process for high-temperature CO2 capture. In the process of CO2 capture, the operation temperature is generally higher than the Taman temperature, resulting in the agglomeration and sintering of the sorbents. The traditional sorbent powers need to be granulated for practical application in a circulating fluidized bed to avoid elutriation. By using a new agar-assisted technology to granulate CaO powder incorporated with Mg, Y, and Ce inert supports, the problems of sintering and elutriation can be mitigated within one step. The incorporated inert supports are uniformly dispersed in the CaO/CaCO3 particles as an inert scaffold, and the inert scaffold is used as a skeleton to resist sintering, alleviate its agglomeration phenomenon, and keep the specific surface area to a certain extent. The Ce-incorporated CaO pellets have been proven to exhibit the best carbonation conversion and sorption capacity. The sorption capacity of 10% CeO2-incorporated CaO pellets reached 0.574 g CO2/g sorbent, more than 43% higher than that of the pure CaO pellets. In addition, the effects of the solid-liquid ratio during the preparation stage on CO2 performance were also investigated, demonstrating that a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5 was the optimal ratio to produce satisfying sorbents. The mitigated sintering and achieved spherical CaO pellets greatly promote the practical application of the calcium looping process for CO2 capture.

High‐Efficiency Dephosphorization by Bottom‐Blown O2‐CaO Process for Semi‐Steelmaking

In steelmaking, the bottom‐blown O2‐CaO process is used to achieve efficient dephosphorization. However, few studies have applied it to dephosphorization converters. Therefore, this study considers the thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms of dephosphorization during the process. The selective oxidation transfer temperatures of C and P are calculated. Compared to the combined blowing process, the bottom‐blown O2‐CaO process reduces the optimum dephosphorization temperature from 1593 to 1573 K. Moreover, the FeO content decreases by 20.7% owing to the increased stirring energy and improved kinetic conditions; the binary basicity (R) of the slag increases, and the lime consumption decreases by 2.9 kg t−1. The higher slagging efficiency indicates that the CaO powder melts and dephosphorization is completed during the fire‐spot zone floating process. Furthermore, the optimum FeO content for dephosphorization decreases as R increases. The selective oxidation of C and P can be divided into two stages. The oxidation stage of P preferred C is extended in this process. Overall, the end‐point P content accounts for 22.52% and 46.85% of the samples prepared using the combined blowing and bottom‐blown O2‐CaO processes when the P content is 0.02–0.03%, respectively.

Mechanisms of CaO particle gelation by laser ablation of CaO powder dispersed in alcohol

Our earlier study showed that CaO particle gel, with loosened agglomerations of CaO particles, was generated by laser ablation of CaO powder dispersed in ethanol. We also demonstrated that porous CaO, a candidate of a low-cost and non-toxic CO2 absorbent, was obtained by simply drying the gel. For the present study, we conducted further investigation of the gelation mechanism to utilize this phenomenon as a simple and alternative preparation method of porous CaO. First, we observed the relation between the agglomeration tendency, including gelation and non-gelation, and the electrostatic interaction of CaO particles in different alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol), because we have assumed electrostatic interaction among CaO particles as the most important factor affecting the gelation. Results showed that the agglomeration tendency of CaO particles increased with the decreasing zeta potential of CaO particles in these alcohols, which is consistent with the assumption. However, no decreased electrostatic repulsion caused by laser ablation was observed, suggesting the presence of another important factor affecting the gelation. As a possible factor, the CaO particle size composition was inferred: the colloid should contain both large particles and small particles. Interestingly, this assumption was validated by the fact that the gel was formed by mixing a raw colloid and a colloid prepared using laser ablation.

Influence of powder properties and mixing technique under different conditions, on the densification and thermal conductivity of AlN for solar thermal applications

In this study, a novel approach is presented which can be utilized to enhance the thermal conductivity and densification of sintered AlN pellets. AlN pellets with a CaO additive were produced by spark plasma sintering. The influence of CaO powder properties such as particle size (micron-, submicron- and nano-scale), dispersion, flowability and structural characteristics, on the mixing behavior of AlN and CaO mixed powders, and on the porosity and thermal conductivity of AlN pellets, were investigated. Additionally, the influence of mixing conditions, including additive content and rotational speed in a novel high-shear mixer (Picomix), were studied and various mixing techniques were compared. The results indicate that when the CaO content of the AlN pellets is increased to 3 wt%, their thermal conductivity rises from 48.1 W/m·K to 112.9 W/m·K. This increase can be attributed to the formation of a liquid phase, and to a reduction in pellet porosity during sintering. Furthermore, when the rotational speed of the mixer is increased to 5000 rpm, the pellets’ thermal conductivity further rises to 126.2 W/m·K. This improvement is a result of the enhanced dispersion of CaO in the mixed powder. The shearing forces in the Picomix facilitate the coating of AlN particles with submicron- or nano-scale CaO particles, thereby improving the flowability of the mixed powder and narrowing the particle size distribution. This further improves the liquid phase distribution, thus enhancing the thermal conductivity of the AlN pellets (135.3 W/m·K). The novel high-shear mixer (Picomix) has demonstrated enhanced performance when compared with traditional mixing techniques (ball milling and manual mixing), since it involves a solvent-free process, is faster, has a lower energy consumption, causes less powder-oxidation and leads to a higher value of thermal conductivity, making it an excellent choice for the preparation of mixed powders for solar thermal applications.

Durability performance of waste glass powder and calcium oxide added sodium carbonate-activated slag mortar

Cement manufacturing consumes large quantities of natural resources, emits considerable amounts of greenhouse gases, and brings harm to the environment. Alkali-activated cementation materials are promising candidates to replace ordinary Portland cement. However, Na2CO3-activated slag mortars suffer from long setting times, low early strengths, and poor durability. In this study, CaO and recycled waste glass were added to Na2CO3-activated slag mortars to overcome these issues. Accordingly, in this experiment, the effects of the CaO and glass powder (GP) contents on the setting time, fluidity, compressive strength, drying shrinkage, chloride ion electric flux, sulfate erosion, and fire resistance of Na2CO3-activated slag mortar were investigated. X-ray diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance were used to characterize the reaction products and pore structure. It was found that the initial setting time and final setting time of slag mortar activated by sodium carbonate are more than 3 days. The setting time and fluidity of mortar decrease with the increase of calcium oxide. When 4% calcium oxide was added, the initial and final setting time was reduced to 95 min and 160 min, and the fluidity was reduced to 170. However, after GP replaced part of the slag, the setting time and mobility increased. The effect of CaO content on compressive strength and drying shrinkage of sodium carbonate activated slag mortar is similar (increasing first and then decreasing). The main reason may be that when CaO content is less than 6%, the calcite generated in the reaction fills the pores, which makes the number of pores in smaller pores (less than 50 nm) increase and the structure becomes more dense. GP is good for reducing drying shrinkage, but not good for early compressive strength. CaO is beneficial to improve the chloride ion erosion resistance of sodium carbonate activated slag mortar, which is related to the porosity and the adsorption of hydrotalc. The addition of GP has no effect on the improvement of chloride ion erosion resistance of CaO and sodium carbonate composite activated slag mortar, but the chloride ion electric flux is lower than 1200 C at 28 d. CaO and GP are beneficial to improve the resistance of alkali-excited slag mortar to sulfate attack. The effect of CaO on the resistance to sulfate attack is mainly related to the porosity and the content of hydrotalcite. The effect of GP on the resistance to sulfate attack is mainly related to the silicon and aluminum separated by GP. CaO and GP are beneficial to improve the fire resistance of alkali-excited slag mortar. The increase of fire resistance is related to decomposition temperature and content of reaction products. The combination of CaO and Na2CO3 to activate the slag and the addition of GP were significantly better than the use of only Na2CO3 to activate the slag.

Ni/NiO Reference Electrode Potential Measurements in Molten CaCl2–CaO

A direct oxide reduction (DOR) process is used to reduce PuO2 to Pu metal via Ca metal. Molten CaCl2 is commonly used as the electrolyte for this reaction. As the DOR reaction proceeds, CaO accumulates in the salt and must be measured in real-time to know when the reaction has gone to completion. Open circuit potential (OCP) was measured in this study between a reference electrode consisting of Ni/NiO contained in a MgO tube and a tungsten working electrode. Two methods of CaO additions were performed over several experiments, and both methods correlated to a 0.11 to 0.23 V decrease in OCP up to 14.4 wt% CaO. CaO concentrations were separately measured via sampling and acid-base titration. A plot of OCP versus concentration of CaO fits the Nernst equation with the CaO powder additions up to 5.2 wt% and also at the higher end of the CaO pellet concentration range. While the MgO tubes were observed to be structurally stable in the molten salt, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that Mg in the tubes had been partially replaced with Ca.

Research on mechanism change of temperature effect on dephosphorization in the bottom-blown O2–CaO process of semi-steelmaking

In semi-steelmaking, the bottom-blown O2–CaO process is employed to achieve high efficiency dephosphorization. However, there is little research on the requirements for smelting parameters. In this paper, the mechanism changes of temperature effect on dephosphorization are studied by the industrial tests in a 300 t dephosphorization converter. Firstly, the influences of temperature on the equilibrium constant (KP), CaO melting ratio (K) and slag viscosity (ƞ) were analyzed. KP decreases, K increases and ƞ decreases to stability with increasing temperature. The dephosphorization effect is better than the conventional process' even at higher ƞ, because the CaO powder has melted and P is mostly removed during the process of fire-spot zone upward floatation. Hence, the requirements for slagging with good fluidity are reduced. Then, the relationships between the three factors and phosphorus partition between slag and hot metal (LP) were investigated by the correlation analysis. The importance order in the bottom-blown O2–CaO process is: lgKP＞η, it demonstrates that the melting of CaO powder doesn't affect dephosphorization. While the influence order in the conventional process is: K＞η＞lgKP. Finally, we summarize the dephosphorization reaction in the bottom-blown O2–CaO process includes transient reaction accounts for approximately 86% and continuous reaction with about 14%. The process of CaO upward floatation plays major roles in dephosphorization. Based on above results, the temperature requirement of molten steel for dephosphorization becomes lower. The industrial tests show the optimum temperature range for dephosphorization decreases from 1593-1603 K to 1573–1583 K, which validate the conclusion.

Mechanochemical Synthesized CaO/ZnCo2O4 Nanocomposites for Biodiesel Production

Biodiesel has been recognized as an environmentally friendly, renewable alternative to fossil fuels. In this work, CaO/ZnCo2O4 nanocomposites were successfully synthesized via simple mechanochemical reaction between ZnCo2O4 and CaO powders by varying the CaO loading from 5 to 20 wt.%. The synthesized materials were found to be highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification of tributyrin with methanol to produce biodiesel. The nanocomposite, which contained 20 wt.% CaO and 80 wt.% ZnCo2O4 (CaO/ZnCo2O4-20), exhibited superior and stable transesterification activity (98% conversion) under optimized reaction conditions (1:12 TBT to methanol molar ratio, 5 wt.% catalyst and 180 min. reaction time). The experimental results revealed that the reaction mechanism on the CaO/ZnCo2O4 composite followed pseudo first-order kinetics. The physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized nanocomposites were measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), N2-physisorption, and CO2- temperature-programmed desorption (CO2-TPD) techniques. The results indicated the existence of coalescence between the CaO and ZnCo2O4 particles, Additionally, the CaO/ZnCo2O4-20 catalyst was found to possess the greater number of highly basic sites and high porosity, which are the key factors affecting catalytic performance in transesterification reactions.

Numerical Simulation on the Desulfurization of the Molten Steel during RH Vacuum Refining Process by CaO Powder Injection

Numerical Simulation on the Desulfurization of the Molten Steel during RH Vacuum Refining Process by CaO Powder Injection

Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite of Cockle Shells (Anadara granosa) Originated from Indonesia Through Precipitation Method

The precipitation method successfully synthesized cockle shells into a highly valuable biomaterial in the present investigation. The present work aimed to determine the effect of the technical approach; (1) calcination temperatures of calcium oxide preparation and (2) sintering time of HA synthesis. Thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis revealed that the cockle shells were calcined at 600 – 1000 °C for 3 hours and had a fine CaO powder. Thus, those sintering temperature is used as the starting point for the calcination of cockle shells. The calcinated CaO powder was then analyzed. The analysis conducted includes yield, functional group analysis using FT-IR, morphological analysis using SEM, and analysis of the composition of Carbon (C), Calcium (Ca), Oxygen (O), and Phosphor (P). Furthermore, hydroxyapatite synthesis (HA) was done with three different sintering times (2, 4, and 6 hours) at 800 °C. The characterized HA was functional group morphology, major elemental in the apatite constituents, and the crystallinity degree. Obtained the optimum temperature result for calcinated at a temperature of 800 °C. The results of HA synthesis obtained by HA quality have approached commercial HA products judging from the composition of Ca, O, and P, but the quality still includes type B of commercial HA. The HA particles obtained are micro-sized, which is 304 nm at a temperature sintering of 800 °C for 4 hours. The micro-sized allows a by-product of cockle shells as raw material HA to be applied as a futuristic biomaterial in bone/teeth implants.

Fine-tuned fabrication parameters of CaO catalyst pellets for transesterification of palm oil to biodiesel

In recent years, the use of heterogeneous catalysts has gained increasing attention for biodiesel production. Among metal oxide catalysts, CaO powder is widely explored and considered to be a promising catalyst. However, the powder catalyst is inappropriate for continuous biodiesel production. Therefore, the catalyst pellet fabrication parameters related to its properties and biodiesel yield were investigated. Key results included the observation that catalysts produced using an Al2O3 binder possessed the highest catalytic activity compared to kaolin and diatomite supported catalysts, for calcination temperatures of 800 °C, possessing a comparable catalytic activity to the CaO powder. The CaO to Al2O3 mass ratio exhibited a significant effect on the surface area and total basicity. The highest biodiesel yield was obtained using the CaO-A(800)-3.5:1 catalyst due to the presence of several active crystal phases including CaO, Ca(OH)2 and CaSiO3 phases to accelerate the transesterification rate. These fabricated CaO catalyst pellets can be utilized as a catalyst for the continuous biodiesel production process.

Development of Hydroxyapatite Coating on Titanium Alloy for Orthopedic Applications

Biomaterials are synthetic materials that are utilized to restore or replace damaged or diseased human body parts, allowing them to regain their original form and function to improve the quality and longevity of human life. Titanium and its alloys have long been employed in biomedical applications due to its remarkable features, such as good biocompatibility, resistance to bodily fluid effects, tremendous tensile strength, flexibility, and high corrosion resistance. Titanium and its alloys have a unique combination of strength and biocompatibility that makes them suitable for medical or recreational purposes. If these materials are used as bio-implant, it releases toxic ions like aluminium and vanadium in the body fluid environment after implantation. [1-3] To overcome the problem, Ti6Al4V alloy was coated with hydroxyapatite (HAp), which provides better bioactivity, osteocompatibility, and antibacterial activity. This layer prevents the further passing of ions from the biomaterial and improves the tissue growth on the bone. The present work is to synthesize HAp from snail shells using a simple wet precipitation method.[4] The waste material of snail shells can be utilized for the development of the HAp, which was non-toxic, eco-friendly, and also to improve bioactivity and biocompatibility of the biomaterials. The prepared HAp was coated on the Ti6Al4V alloy by using the electro-deposition method.[5] Thermal analysis of obtained CaO powder was investigated by TG–DTA analysis. The coated alloy was characterized by various techniques such as FTIR, XRD, TG-DTA, FESEM, EDAX, AFM, and antibacterial activity.

Study the ability of using basic oxygen furnace slag as a flux for removing impurities from liquid iron in a pre-treatment process

In this study, a flux, mixture of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag and CaO powder, was investigated the ability of the slag recycling in a pre-treatment process. The first step of the experimental procedure was to melt iron using a high-frequency induction furnace, then 3 kg of flux was embedded into the metal. There were two kinds of experimental conditions including with and without Argon gas protection of the furnace. After ten minutes from the moment of adding the flux, the metal and slag samples were taken out for chemical composition analysis. The results showed that Sulphur (S) content of the iron significantly decreased by 38% and 19% with and without the Argon gas protection, respectively. Meanwhile, the Phosphorus (P) content of the iron was concluded to be independent of the conditional experiments. Besides, the Fe content of the slag decreased in both cases of experiments.