Institute Of Cancer Research Research Articles

Developing Mouse Models for Ovarian Tissue Transplantation and Xenotransplantation: A Review.

Ovarian tissue transplantation (OTT) is the only option for preserving fertility in prepubertal girls and young women who require immediate cancer treatment. Due to ethical constraints and the limited number of clinical cases, human OTT research is challenging. Mouse OTT models serve as valuable preclinical models. This article aims to review the current status of mouse OTT models, including xenotransplantation from humans. We conducted a systematic analysis of original research articles and reviews of mouse OTT models published in PubMed and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The construction methods included different mouse strains (C57/BL6, Institute of Cancer Research, Naval Medical Research Institute, genetically engineered, and immunodeficient mice), transplantation sites (subcutaneous tissue, sub-renal capsule, back muscle, peritoneum, and ovarian bursa), and transplantation types (xenotransplantation, allogeneic, and autologous transplantation). The evaluation metrics included histological analysis, assessment of neovascularization density, measurement of granulosa cell proliferation activity, and hormonal and estrous cycle monitoring. The choice of metrics should be selected according to the stage after transplantation. To advance the clinical application, mouse OTT models could be improved by developing standardized evaluation criteria and simplified, rapid, noninvasive detection methods to enhance consistency and comparability of research outcomes. Key areas for further research include addressing safety concerns (eg, risk of tumor cell reimplantation), optimizing efficacy evaluations (eg, follicle quality and endocrine function recovery), and improving cost-effectiveness through analysis of mouse strains and transplantation protocols. This review provides valuable insights for future research and clinical applications.

Toxicological evaluation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii enriched with protoporphyrin IX.

The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (red) is a strain rich in protoporphyrin IX, which could be used as algal-derived novel sustainable nutritional sources. However, the safety research on C. reinhardtii (red) remains insufficient and further investigation is needed. In order to assess the safety of C. reinhardtii (red) and to expand its use in food applications, a series of toxicological safety evaluations were carried out to observe acute toxicity, subchronic toxicity and genotoxicity of C. reinhardtii (red). The C. reinhardtii (red) was administered to an acute oral toxicity test, mammalian micronucleus test, mouse chromosomal aberration test in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice, and 90-day repeated-dose oral toxicity test in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. In the acute oral toxicological test, no mortality or abnormalities were observed in male and female rats, with an median lethal dose(Lethal Dose, 50%) (LD50) exceeding 10.0g/kg body weight (BW). Similarly, male and female mice exhibited no mortality or abnormalities, with an LD50 surpassing 20.0g/kg BW. The results of bacterial reverse mutation test, mammalian micronucleus test, and mouse chromosomal aberration test were all negative, suggesting that the C. reinhardtii (red) did not show mutagenicity under the conditions of this experiment. In a 90-day repeated-dose oral toxicity study, the SD rats were orally administered daily doses of 2.0g/kg BW, 4.0g/kg BW, and 8.0g/kg BW without exhibiting any signs or symptoms of toxicity. Therefore, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of C. reinhardtii (red) was 8.0g/kg BW/day. This study contributes to information necessary to form a basis for safety for expanding the application range of C. reinhardtii (red) in food. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The aim of this study was to assess the safety of C. reinhardtii (red) and to expand its use in food applications. The major finding of this study is that the C. reinhardtii (red) did not show acute toxicity, subchronic toxicity and genotoxicity under the conditions of this experiment. This study contributes to information necessary to form a basis for safety for expanding the application range of C. reinhardtii (red) in food.

Meta-analysis of Germline Whole-exome Sequencing in 1435 Cases of Testicular Germ Cell Tumour to Evaluate Disruptive Mutations Under Dominant, Recessive, and X-linked Inheritance Models.

Meta-analysis of Germline Whole-exome Sequencing in 1435 Cases of Testicular Germ Cell Tumour to Evaluate Disruptive Mutations Under Dominant, Recessive, and X-linked Inheritance Models.

Development and validation of a short screener to evaluate adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Cancer Prevention Recommendations.

Development and validation of a short screener to evaluate adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Cancer Prevention Recommendations.

Cost-effectiveness of an outreach program for HCC screening in patients with cirrhosis: a microsimulation modeling study.

Cost-effectiveness of an outreach program for HCC screening in patients with cirrhosis: a microsimulation modeling study.

Prevalence and associated risk factors of suicidal behaviors among cancer patients in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh

Suicide-related behaviors among cancer patients represent a significant yet understudied public health concern in Bangladesh. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of suicidal behaviors (suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt) and identify associated risk factors among cancer patients in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital using a convenience sampling method among a total of 318 cancer patients between January and February, 2024. Data were collected on socio-demographics, clinical characteristics, and past-year suicidal behaviors. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to explore the association between suicidal behaviors and various socio-demographic, and clinical factors. The prevalence of past-year suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt was 22.3%, 13.8%, and 5.7%, respectively. Bladder and cervical cancer patients show the highest rates of suicidal behaviors. Key risk factors for suicidal behaviors included lower income, advanced cancer stages, and inadequate social support (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, higher education and unemployment appeared protective against suicidal ideation (p < 0.05). Among female participants, patients with breast cancer were less likely to attempt suicide than those with cervical cancer (p < 0.05). This study underscores the urgent need for routine mental health screening, risk assessments, and integrated social and financial support programs for cancer patients to reduce suicide risk and improve their quality of life.

Anxiety-like behavior associated with alcohol withdrawal syndrome in mice and possible antagonistic effect of Polycephalomyces nipponicus aqueous extract

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Polycephalomyces nipponicus (P. nipponicus) extract on ethanol withdrawal syndrome in mice. Methods: Male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were divided into 3 groups of 10 animals per group. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with ethanol (2 g/kg/day) or normal saline solution 0.9 % (0.05 mL/kg) as control for 10 consecutive days. Anxiety-like behavior associated with alcohol withdrawal syndroms (AWS) was assessed at 12, 24, and 36 h after the last dose of ethanol or normal saline using the light-dark box, open field, and elevated plus maze tests. Thereafter, the time that showed the most prominent AWS was chosen to determine the effect of P. nipponicus extract. P. nipponicus extract (600 mg/kg, orally) or diazepam (4 mg/kg, i.p., as a positive control), was administered 1 h before the tests. Results: Polycephalomyces nipponicus extract significantly mitigated anxiety-like behavior in alcohol-withdrawn mice across all evaluated models (p &lt; 0.05). The results suggest that P. nipponicus reduced alcohol withdrawal syndrome, especially anxiety-like behavior. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that P. nipponicus may be useful in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome, especially anxiety-like behavior. This study shows the potential of P. nipponicus as a new intervention for alleviating neurochemical imbalances linked to alcohol withdrawal.

Cancer attributable to excess body weight in Korea: a focus on primary prevention

Background: The prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly around the world. The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research has reported that obesity raises the risk of several cancers, including esophageal, pancreatic, liver, colorectal, and breast cancers. Consequently, maintaining a healthy body weight is recommended for cancer prevention. In this article, the concept of the population attributable fraction (PAF) of cancer due to excess body weight is introduced, along with the methods for estimating the PAF, and the resulting values are compared across different countries.Current Concepts: The PAF quantifies the extent to which obesity contributes to the development of each cancer type. A recent study estimated that in 2015 the PAF for cancer due to obesity was 2.40% for men and 3.29% for women. Because the calculation relies on obesity prevalence data from over 10 years earlier, current obesity rates will influence future PAF values. As obesity has increased significantly in Korea, the burden of obesity-related cancers is expected to rise. Although Korea’s PAF is lower than that reported in Western countries, it is higher than that in other Asian nations.Discussion and Conclusion: With the growing prevalence of obesity, the incidence of obesity-related cancers is projected to increase. Effective obesity management is therefore essential for cancer prevention.

The Immunogenicity of Coxsackievirus A6 (D3a Sub-Genotype) Virus-Like Particle and mRNA Vaccines.

In recent years, coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) has surpassed enterovirus A71 to become the main pathogen causing severe Hand, Foot, and Mouth disease (HFMD) in China with a substantial disease burden. However, there is currently no commercial CVA6 vaccine. The D3a genotype of CVA6 is the predominant genotype in China. In this study, virus-like particles (VLPs) and mRNA vaccines based on the CVA6 sub-genotype D3a were successfully developed. The immunogenicity and protective effects of the VLP of CVA6 combined with Al(OH)3 and CpG adjuvant indicated that VLP-induced neutralizing antibodies against three CVA6 sub-genotype (D2, D3a, and D3b) strains in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice, and the combination of the two adjuvants enhanced cellular immunity. Passive immunization with serum from mice immunized with VLPs protected suckling mice against CVA6 lethal challenge in both antiserum transfer and maternal immunization experiments. The immunogenicity and protective effects of the mRNA vaccine of CVA6 indicate that it induces robust T-cell immunity. T-cell immunity was found to cross-protect against coxsackievirus A10 infection in mice. This is the first trial of a CVA6 mRNA vaccine worldwide and the first comparison of the immunogenicity and protective effects of VLP and mRNA vaccines based on D3a CVA6. The study provides a theoretical basis for the development of enteroviruses vaccines and the formulation of immunization strategies.

Adherence to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) recommendations and overall mortality among adults with colorectal cancer in a multiethnic cohort study.

29 Background: High adherence to AICR recommendations on diet, adiposity, and physical activity is associated with improved survival among adults with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, over 80% of participants in existing studies self-reported as non-Hispanic White (NHW). We studied the association between adherence to AICR recommendations and overall mortality among adults with CRC in a multiethnic cohort. Methods: This prospective analysis used data from the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study. The MEC is a racially/ ethnically diverse cohort of over 200,000 participants residing in Hawaii and Los Angeles. Lifestyle behaviors in the MEC were assessed by questionnaire at enrolment/Q1 (1993-1996) and periodically over follow-up. We included those with incident CRC before completing Q3 (2003-2008). Follow-up was from Q3 survey completion to December 2019. The main exposure was the standardized AICR score [0-7 points] at Q3. The primary outcome was overall mortality; CRC-specific mortality was secondary. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: There were 1127 adults diagnosed with CRC prior to Q3. Of these, 1079 (95.7%) had non-missing data on the AICR score and comprised our study population. Median (IQR) age at diagnosis was 69 (62-75); median (IQR) follow-up was 12.2 (0.1-16.4) years. There were 489 (45.3%) women. By self-reported race/ethnicity, there were: 153 (14.2%) Black/African Americans, 453 (42.0%) Japanese Americans, 79 (7.3%) Latinos, 165 (15.3%) Native Hawaiians, and 229 (21.2%) NHWs. Only 48 (4.4%) adults had high adherence (AICR≥5 points). Those in the highest category of AICR scores (AICR≥4.5) had statistically significant lower risk of overall mortality relative to those in the lowest category (AICR≤2.5) (HR: 0.64, 95% CI, 0.47-0.89). A similar (but non-statistically significant) association was observed with CRC-specific mortality [HR (high vs low): 0.70, 95% CI, 0.31-1.60]. Those who increased their score between Q1&amp;Q3 had lower overall mortality (HR: 0.87, 95% CI,0.79 - 0.96). Similar trends were observed in stratified analysis by race/ethnicity; however, statistical power was limited. Conclusions: High adherence to AICR recommendations was associated with lower risk of overall mortality in this multiethnic population of adults with CRC. Efforts to increase adherence to AICR recommendations in this population are needed.

Long-term outcomes of total neoadjuvant treatment (TNT) for locally advanced rectal cancer: Maria Sklodowska Curie National Cancer Research Institute (MSCNCRI) cohort from Polish-II study.

84 Background: The data on long-term outcomes of TNT for locally advanced rectal cancer are still limited. The Polish-II study randomized 515 cT4/fixed cT3 rectal cancer to pre-operative chemoradiation (CRT) with 5fu/oxaliplatin or 5x5 Gy radiotherapy with consolidating chemotherapy (TNT). Despite the early separation of survival curves with benefit for TNT, the outcomes at the longer observation were similar reaching 49% in both arms surviving at 8 years. Here, we present the long-term oncological and functional outcomes of patients recruited to the study in MSCNCRI along with the quality of life in survivors at &gt;10 years of observation. Methods: Of 180 patients treated in the study in MSCNCRI 88 and 92 pts were randomized to TNT and CRT arms, respectively. The long-term follow-up was performed according to the standard protocol, FACT-C and EORTC QLQ-C30 scales were used to assess the functional outcomes. Results: Median survival in the TNT group and CRT was 115 and 61 months (p=0.191). At the cut-off in March 2023, 53.4% and 61.1% of pts died in the TNT and CRT group (p = 0.375). In the TNT group, 73.9% of deaths were attributed to cancer corresponding to 81.8% in CRT (p = 0.725). Late relapses diagnosed over 5 years from the end of the active treatment were identified in 5 of 94 patients in the follow-up (1 local recurrence in the TNT group, 4 patients with lung metastasis – 3 in TNT with one having also CNS relapse - and 1 in CRT). All late relapses in the TNT group could be salvaged with local therapies. Regarding long-term quality of life, no differences were observed in FACT-C and EORTC QLQ C30 in patients treated with either arm: QLQ C30 – TNT: 50.68 ± 12.74 in the range 34.00- 79.00; CRT: 48.61 ± 11.39 in the range 34.00-70.00 (p = 0.507); FACT-C - TNT: 113.00 in the range 42.00-136.00; CRT: 118.00 in the range 74.00-136.00; p=0.252). No difference in physical, family, and emotional status was observed. At the ultimate observation, stoma was present in 40.5% and 40.6% of TNT and CRT groups, respectively (p&gt;0.999). Conclusions: In this randomized cohort, after more than 10 years of observation TNT led to numerically longer OS than CRT, although this was not statistically significant. The functional outcomes of the long-term survivors are similar in both cohorts. Late relapses are rare but could be salvaged in most cases. This study further supports the use of TNT in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Clinical trial information: NCT00833131 .

Ameliorative Effects of Betanin in Mice with Trimethyltin-Induced Pancreatic and Hepatocytic Alterations

The effects of TMT on metabolic alteration are on the rise, including obesity and diabetes. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of betanin (Bet) against TMT-induced glycemic disturbance and pancreatic and hepatocytic alterations, expanding on TMT’s and Bet’s effects on metabolic diseases. Fifty male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were randomly divided into Sham-veh, TMT-L-veh, TMT-H-veh, TMT-L-Bet100, and TMT-H-Bet100 groups. A low dose (L) (1 mg/kg) and high dose (H) (2.6 mg/kg) of TMT were given via one-time intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection before intragastric gavage administration of treatments for 4 consecutive weeks. A weekly oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted for glycemic control capacity evaluation with serum insulin assessment. Pancreatic and hepatic tissues were collected to analyze islet number and beta cell density, glycogen content, and histopathology. TMT exposure did not significantly change glycemic control capacity or serum insulin level (p &gt; 0.05). TMT significantly reduced pancreatic beta cell density, and this was accompanied by a decrease in hepatic glycogen content and an increase in hepatosteatosis and inflammation (p &lt; 0.05). Treatment with Bet significantly alleviated all these alterations (p &lt; 0.05). Bet showed alleviative effects against TMT-induced pancreatic and hepatocytic alterations, including preventing pancreatic beta cell damage, maintaining the liver’s glycogen content, anti-hepatosteatosis, and anti-inflammation.

Indicators of survival and prognostic factors in women treated for cervical cancer at a tertiary care center in Bangladesh

Background: Cervical cancer remains a major cause of cancer deaths among females in low and middle-income countries. Local survival studies are crucial for assessing overall management effectiveness, as they reflect the level of care provided and awareness among the population about screening and early diagnosis. Objectives: To analyze disease-free survival (DFS) among patients treated for cervical cancer and investigate clinical, management, and outcome-related independent factors associated with survival. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 393 cervical cancer patients from January 2014 to 2020 at the Gynecological Oncology Department of the National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital (NICRH), analyzing demographic and clinical data, tumor characteristics, treatment options, and outcomes, including recurrence, as predictors of survival. Results: Three hundred ninety-three patients included in this study. The mean average age was 49 years, range 28-85 years. Total follow-up times(months), mean 38; range (6-108) months. Among them 61% were postmenopausal, with a majority of women having a parity of 59% and an average marriage age of 14.93±3.95. The most common presenting symptom was irregular bleeding, with 62.8% of patients being illiterate. Tumor characteristics included FIGO stage I, II, and III, with squamous cell carcinoma being the most common histopathological type. Patients received initial surgery (21.6%), radiotherapy (74%), and palliative care (4%). The mean duration of follow-up (DFS) was 2.20 years in &lt;24 months and 3.35 years in &gt;24 months. Residual disease and recurrence were 6.4% and 30.5%, with local recurrence being the most common (22.6%) and liver being the most common site of distal recurrence (38.3%). Survival was independently associated with age, grade II, and FIGO stage III. Conclusion: Age, grade, and FIGO clinical stages adversely affect the overall survival of cervical cancer patients. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2025; 43: 25-31

Heterogeneity in Fluorescence-Stained Sperm Membrane Patterns and Their Dynamic Changes Towards Fertilization in Mice.

Sperm represent a heterogeneous population crucial for male reproductive success. Additionally, sperm undergo dynamic changes during maturation and capacitation. Despite these well-established processes, the complex nature of sperm heterogeneity and membrane dynamics remains elusive. The composition of phospholipids in the sperm membrane changes dynamically during maturation, with their release occurring during capacitation. This study aims to investigate the heterogeneity and dynamic changes in the sperm membrane during maturation and capacitation towards fertilization by visualizing these membrane dynamics. Sperm were collected from the cauda epididymis or testis of Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) male mice and stained with MemBright dye (commercial name: MemGlow™-560, MG-560), a fluorogenic live-cell membrane probe. Staining was performed either before, during, or after incubation for capacitation. In pre-staining experiments, sperm were stained with MG-560 before capacitation and then incubated to induce capacitation. Acrosome-reacted sperm were assessed after staining with peanut agglutinin FITC (PNA-Lectin FITC). Stained sperm were observed using fluorescence or confocal microscopy. MG-560-stained sperm from the epididymis before capacitation showed four staining patterns: head-midpiece-tail (HMT), head-midpiece (HM), head (H), midpiece (M) positive, or totally negative, with ratios remaining unchanged during capacitation (30.5%, 29%, 11.3%, 3.7%, and 25.5%, respectively). In contrast, all testicular sperm were negative for staining. Pre-stained sperm exhibited an increased number of HM and M patterns over time, whereas the number of HMT-stained sperm decreased. Consistently, spontaneous acrosome-reacted sperm were detected predominantly in HM- or M-stained sperm. After in vitro fertilization (IVF) using pre-stained sperm, zona pellucida-attached sperm were mostly negative for staining. Finally, all sperm detected in the perivitelline space were only negative. Mature sperm membranes stained with MG-560 exhibited heterogeneous and dynamic changes during the capacitation and fertilization process. MG-560 staining identified sperm with the potential to undergo the acrosome reaction, and these MG-560-positive sperm eventually became negative as they penetrated the zona pellucida for fertilization. Thus, the MG-560 staining patterns likely reflect the physiological state and potential of the sperm. These findings provide new insights into sperm heterogeneity and dynamics, and this staining method may also prove useful for assessing sperm quality.

Evaluating Radiotherapy Treatment Compliance at Cancer Hospital and Research Institute Gwalior

Background: Radiotherapy (RT) is a fundamental component of the management of various cancers and significantly contributes to treatment efficacy and patient survival. However, noncompliance with RT protocols poses a substantial barrier to achieving optimal clinical outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the rate of RT noncompliance among patients with cancer at the Cancer Hospital and Research Institute in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, and to identify the clinical, psychological, and socioeconomic factors contributing to noncompliance. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 306 noncompliant patients who underwent RT between January 2022 and March 2023. Data on patient demographics, cancer types, RT protocols, causes of non-compliance, and treatment outcomes were collected. Non-compliance was defined as an interruption exceeding five consecutive days during the RT course. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0, was employed for data analysis. Results: The overall non-compliance rate was 22.17%. The majority of the non-compliant patients were male (247 patients, 80.7%) and were diagnosed with head and neck cancers (231 patients, 75.5%). The primary factors associated with noncompliance included emotional challenges or frustration (153 patients, 54.9%), advanced disease stage (168 patients, 55.0%), and treatment-related toxicities (118 patients, 38.6%). Additionally, a significant proportion of patients traveled long distances for treatment, with an average distance of 149.1 kilometers from the hospital. Treatment outcomes revealed that only 68 patients (22%) completed their prescribed RT plans, while 173 patients (56.5%) died, 134 of which (77%) occurred before treatment completion. Seventy-one patients (23.2%) survived, and the outcomes of 62 patients (20.3%) remained unknown due to loss to follow-up or incomplete records. Conclusion: The high noncompliance rate highlights the intricate interplay of clinical, psychological, and socioeconomic factors affecting RT adherence. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive, patient-centered approach that includes early cancer detection, enhanced psychological support, effective management of treatment toxicities, expanded financial assistance programs, and proactive follow-up mechanisms. Implementing these strategies is essential for improving RT compliance, thereby enhancing treatment effectiveness, quality of life, and survival outcomes in cancer patients.

Experience in performing multivisceral resections for pelvic cancer

Background. Treatment of patients with locally advanced pelvic cancer remains challenging. The use of modern surgical techniques has expanded the feasibilities of performing multivisceral resections (MVR) in this category of patients. However, the postoperative period in patients who have undergone MVR is associated with a high risk of developing postoperative complications. The purpose of the study was to assess the short-term and long-term treatment outcomes in patients with locally advanced and multiple-primary pelvic cancer. Material and Methods. From 2009 to 2021, 114 patients treated in the clinics of Cancer Research Institute of Tomsk National Research Medical Center underwent MVR for primary or recurrent rectal cancer (n=40, 35.1 % and n=4, 3.5 %, respectively), female reproductive cancer (endometrial cancer: n=18, 17.1 % and recurrent ovarian cancer: n=18, 17.1 %), primary and recurrent bladder cancer (n=15, 13.2 % and n=2, 1.8 %, respectively), synchronous multiple primary pelvic tumors (n=8, 7.0 %) and extraorgan mesenchymal tumors of the pelvis (n=4, 3.5 %). Paraneoplastic complications were observed in 31 (27.2 %) patients. Invasion to more than 2 adjacent pelvic organs was diagnosed in 52 (45.4 %) cases. Total pelvic evisceration (TPE) was performed in 9 (7.9 %) patients, including 5 (4.4 %) patients who underwent TPE for primary rectal cancer with extensive local spread and 4 (3.5 %) patients who underwent TPE for multiple primary cancer: 2 (1.75 %) for synchronous primary rectal cancer and bladder cancer and 2 (1.75 %) for primary rectal cancer and recurrent bladder cancer. MVR for rectal cancer was the most common (n=101, 88.6 %). Resections with the formation of colorectal anastomosis were performed in 75 (65.8 %) cases and obstructive resections of the rectum were performed in 14 (12.5 %) cases. Urinary tract surgeries were performed in 66 (57.5 %) cases. One-stage plastic surgery of the resected segment as a transposition of one or both ureters into the bottom of the bladder was performed in 22 (19.3 %) cases. Heterotopic and orthotopic plastic surgery of the bladder was performed in 19 (16.6 %) and 5 (4.4 %) cases, respectively. Combined uterine extirpations, including vaginal resection, were performed in 52 (45.4 %) cases. Grade III postoperative complications according to the Clavien–Dindo classification occurred in 18.4 % of cases. Urological complications were the most common (8.7 %). Postoperative mortality rate was 0.8 %. The assessment of the long-term outcomes was carried out using the example of patients with rectal cancer (n=45), as the most homogeneous and largest subgroup. The overall 3-year survival rate was 71.1 % and the relapse-free 3-year survival rate was 60.0 %. Conclusion. Treatment of locally advanced pelvic cancer requires extensive surgeries performed by a multidisciplinary team of surgeons. The immediate results can be assessed as satisfactory. In case of resection of the urinary tract as a component of MVR, regardless of the primary localization of the tumor, primary plastic surgery of the bladder and/or ureters is preferable. Long-term outcomes allow us to consider MVR as a method of choice in the treatment of this group of patients.

Early diagnosis of lung cancer using a sensor gas analysis complex: case report

Background. Currently, low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is the only screening test that reduces the risk of death from lung cancer. However, there are a number of disadvantages, such as lack of widespread use, high cost, high false-positive rate and the need to conduct studies only in high-risk groups, which significantly limit mass screening. exhaled breath analysis, which uses sensitive breath sensors, is a promising method to improve early diagnosis of lung cancer. Cancer Research Institute of Tomsk National Research Medical Center together with Tomsk State University and Tomsk Polytechnic Research Institute has developed a gas analysis complex capable of analyzing the gas composition of exhaled air with remote sampling from bags. during the study, data obtained by digitizing signals from gas analysis system sensors and patient metadata are recorded in a database for subsequent automated processing and analysis using a neural network. Case description. A 48-year-old female patient with a long history of smoking came to the clinic of the Cancer Research Institute for consultation with suspected pathological infiltration around the celiac trunk detected by abdominal CT. As a clinical trial of the developed gas analytical complex for cancer detection, a sample of exhaled air was taken, and the comparison of the composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with that in the control group (healthy individuals) revealed abnormalities characteristic of lung cancer. the patient underwent a chest CT scan, which revealed stage IIB peripheral cancer of the lower lobe of the left lung. the original sensor gas analysis complex, which has no analogues in Russia, was used for the first time in the detection of lung cancer. the data obtained allowed us to suspect the presence of lung tumor in the patient and perform radical surgical treatment. the composition of VOCs in exhaled air was assessed on day 10 after surgery, and no significant changes in the composition of exhaled air were observed. Conclusion. Machine learning algorithms are actively used to diagnose socially significant diseases. the platforms being developed based on arrays of chemical sensors with data analysis using a neural network are promising candidates for implementation in screening activities.

Global research trends in the application of artificial intelligence in oncology care: a bibliometric study.

To use bibliometric methods to analyze the prospects and development trends of artificial intelligence(AI) in oncology nursing from 1994 to 2024, providing guidance and reference for oncology nursing professionals and researchers. The core set of the Web of Science database was searched for articles from 1994 to 2024. The R package "Bibliometrix" was used to analyze the main bibliometric features, creating a three-domain chart to display relationships among institutions, countries, and keywords. VOSviewer facilitated co-authorship analysis and its visualization was used for co- occurrence analysis. CiteSpace calculated citation bursts and keyword occurrences. A total of 517 articles were retrieved, representing 80 countries/regions. The United States had the highest number of publications, with 188 articles (36.4%), followed by China with 79 articles (15.3%). The top 10 institutions in terms of publication output were all U.S.-based universities or cancer research institutes, with Harvard University ranking first. Prominent research teams, such as those led by Repici, Aerts, and Almangush, have made significant contributions to studies on AI in tumor risk factor identification and symptom management. In recent years, the keywords with the highest burst strength were "model" and "human papillomavirus." The most studied tumor type was breast cancer. While Cancers published the highest number of articles, journals such as CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians and PLOS ONE had higher impact and citation rates. By analyzing the volume of AI literature in oncology nursing, combined with the statistical analysis of institutions, core authors, journals, and keywords, the research hotspots and trends in the application of AI in oncology nursing over the past 30 years are revealed. AI in oncology nursing is entering a stage of rapid development, providing valuable reference for scholars and professionals in the field.

Short-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins May Induce Ovarian Damage in Mice via AIM2- and NLRP12-PANoptosome.

Humans may intake 0.02 mg/kg/day of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs), and no study is available on mammalian ovarian damage caused by low-level SCCPs. In this study, four groups of 5-week-old female Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were orally administered 0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/kg/day SCCPs for 21 consecutive days, and serum and ovaries were collected 20 h after the last SCCPs-administration. SCCPs at ≥0.1 mg/kg/day were found to reduce follicle counts at each stage, induce dose-dependent oxidative stress in mice, and lower serum E2 and ovarian anti-Müllerian hormone levels. The data indicated that cellular PANoptosis increased in the ovaries of all SCCP-treated mice. Furthermore, AIM2- and NLRP12-PANoptosome gene and protein levels were considerably elevated. Female germline stem cells (FGSCs) in the cortical portion of the ovary exhibited substantial damage in all SCCP groups, additionally, the expression of FGSC marker genes and major marker proteins was diminished in the ovaries. Oral administration of SCCPs with 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/kg/day to mice resulted in PANoptosis of the ovaries. Therefore, it was suggested that the oral administration of ≥0.1 mg/kg/day of SCCPs suppressed ovarian function, which may be attributed to the fact that SCCPs induced the generation of AIM2- and NLRP12-PANoptosome in ovary cells.

Dietary-lifestyle patterns and colorectal cancer risk: Global Cancer Update Programme systematic literature review.

Dietary-lifestyle patterns and colorectal cancer risk: Global Cancer Update Programme systematic literature review.