Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumor that predominantly affects adolescents and young adults. Despite advances in treatment modalities, including surgery and chemotherapy, the prognosis for osteosarcoma patients remains challenging. Therefore, there is growing interest in exploring alternative or adjunctive therapeutic approaches, including dietary interventions utilizing phytoactives found in plant-based foods. Secondary metabolites found in plants, or phytoactives, have a variety of biological effects, one of which is the prevention of cancer in humans. Their multitarget mechanism of action includes cell apoptosis, inhibition of cell proliferation, and anti-oxidant and anti-mutagenic effects. A growing number of people are interested in bioactive plant-derived compounds due to their potential to treat cancer. Furthermore, several naturally-derived substances have the potential to greatly increase the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy medications, and in certain circumstances, even lessen the side effects that the medication causes. Notably, flavonoids, such as quercetin, apigenin, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate, exhibit potent anti-cancer properties by inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and suppressing metastasis in preclinical models. Furthermore, curcumin, resveratrol, and berberine demonstrate multifaceted effects, including cell cycle modulation and angiogenesis inhibition. Importantly, dietary phytoactives may synergize with conventional therapies, enhancing efficacy while mitigating adverse effects. In the present review, we summarize the effects of various naturally occurring bioactive compounds against osteosarcoma.

Gender differences in cancer burden have been consistently reported worldwide, with men exhibiting higher incidence and mortality rates for most non-sex-specific cancers. However, the extent and patterns of these disparities across cancer sites, age groups, and geographical regions in Italy remain poorly investigated. We analysed data from population-based cancer registries belonging to the AIRTUM network, including 1359,053 cancer cases diagnosed between 2013 and 2017, overall and stratified by age group (0-49, 50-69, ≥70 years) and by geographic macro-areas (North, Centre, South & Islands). Differences in five-year net survival between men and women were also assessed. Overall, cancer incidence was markedly higher in men (male-to-female incidence rate ratio [M/F IRR] 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.38-1.39), and this gap increased when excluding breast cancer (M/F IRR = 1.90; 95% CI: 1.89-1.90). Male predominance was observed in 29 of 30 sites, most notably laryngeal (M/F IRR = 8.74; 95% CI: 8.31-9.19), bladder (5.23; 95% CI: 5.15-5.32), mesothelioma (3.60; 95% CI: 3.40-3.82), and lung (2.92; 95% CI: 2.89-2.95) cancers, while thyroid cancer was more common in women (0.37; 95% CI: 0.36-0.38). Incidence gender gaps were greater in the South & Islands than in the North and Centre. Women showed higher five-year survival rates than men for most major cancers, including colorectal and lung. In Italy, men bear a substantially higher cancer burden than women, with significant geographical variability, while women consistently achieve better survival outcomes. Biological, behavioural, and sociocultural factors likely contribute to these differences. Addressing these disparities requires incorporating a gender perspective into cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies.

Findings underscore the need for linguistically accessible cancer prevention materials that include information clearly outlining cancer symptoms, causes, screening test names, steps, locations, and cost and insurance coverage details. Professional interpreters should also be integrated into the healthcare system in Germany.

Diagnostic performance of urine-based versus cervical swab human papillomavirus testing among women in a high-burden region in Northeastern, India: A prospective cross-sectional study.

The Effect of Allogenic Blood Transfusion on Oncologic Outcomes in Locally Advanced Kidney Cancer.

Bioactive metabolites and probiotic microorganisms in traditional fermented condiments: Insights on prevention and treatment of cancer

The early diagnosis of malignant transformation in oral leukoplakia (OLK) assumes paramount importance in the preventive and timely intervention strategies for oral cancer. Nevertheless, the existing diagnostic modalities exhibit complexity, invasiveness, or inherent limitations. The therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of miR-185 in extracellular vesicles (EVs) in oral cancer have been previously demonstrated. Thus, this study aims to establish a diagnostic model using miR-185 from salivary EVs to identify the malignant transformation of OLK and facilitate the prevention and treatment of oral cancer. miR-185 in salivary EVs was characterized in a discovery cohort comprising healthy controls (n = 8) and patients with hyperplasia (n = 13), mild to moderate dysplasia (n = 15), severe dysplasia (n = 10), and squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC, n = 23). A training set from a validation cohort (n = 164) underwent analysis using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and logistic regression analysis to distinguish malignant forms (MT; i.e., severe dysplasia and OSCC) from non-malignant forms (N-MT; i.e., hyperplasia, mild to moderate dysplasia). The validation set was then utilized to validate the model. miR-185 in salivary EVs demonstrated accurate identification of MT [area under ROC (AUC) = 0.9349, specificity = 90.32%, sensitivity = 80.77%], and its feasibility and accuracy were successfully confirmed in the validation set (specificity = 93.55%, sensitivity = 84.21%). miR-185 in salivary EVs can serve as a non-invasive biomarker for the detection of OLK malignant transformation.

Follow-Up Cervical Cancer Screening After Benign and Low-Grade Colposcopy.

Osteosarcoma (OS) [1] is the most prevalent primary bone cancer and is highly prone to both local invasion and metastasis. FAM162A, a protein implicated in cell growth transformation, is recognized as an oncogene in various cancers. Its role in osteosarcoma, however, remains poorly understood. This study investigates the role of FAM162A in the OS development. We identified that FAM162A was observably upregulated in osteosarcoma and inversely correlated with the prognosis of patients using bioinformatics and immunohistochemical analysis. The CCK-8, colony formation, scratch, and trans-well migration assays were performed to detect the effects of FAM162A on OS cell proliferation and migration. Then we found FAM162A-associated pathways in OS using GO and KEGG analyses and verified and used the downstream factor HIF-1α inhibitor to restore the OS cell proliferation induced by FAM162A overexpression to detect the mechanism of FAM162A in OS. Mechanistically, FAM162A facilitates glycolysis by activating HIF-1α and subsequently PKM2, a critical glycolytic gene, thereby advancing OS progression. These insights elucidated FAM162A's involvement in OS and its impact on glucose metabolism reprogramming, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic target.

Polyvinyl chloride microplastics exposure accelerates endometrial cancer progression via regulating AHR/CYP1A1 signaling pathway.

Adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR Cancer Prevention Recommendations is associated with lower breast cancer incidence: A real-world prospective analysis from the Moli-sani Study and exploration of biological pathways.

We previously found that higher insulin resistance (IR) was associated with larger prostate size and greater risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Since BPH is the most common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), we investigated whether IR is also linked to incidence and progression of LUTS in the REDUCE study, a 4-year randomized trial of dutasteride vs. placebo for prostate cancer prevention. Participants were required to complete the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire at recruitment and every subsequent 6 months. Fasting insulin and glucose levels were measured at study baseline, and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated based on these values. Multivariable Cox regression was used to assess associations between HOMA-IR and (1) LUTS incidence among asymptomatic patients (baseline IPSS < 8); or (2) LUTS progression among symptomatic patients (baseline IPSS ≥ 8) respectively. As previously reported within this cohort, at baseline, higher HOMA-IR quartiles were correlated with larger prostate volumes among both asymptomatic (N = 2745; p < 0.001) and symptomatic patients (N = 1942; p = 0.007). However, among asymptomatic patients, HOMA-IR whether analyzed as a continuous (p = 0.74) or categorized variable (all p ≥ 0.60) was not associated with LUTS incidence in multivariable analysis. Similarly, in symptomatic participants, no associations were found between HOMA-IR and LUTS progression in multivariable analyses, whether HOMA-IR was assessed as a categorical (all p ≥ 0.46) or continuous variable (p = 0.83). Although IR was linked to larger prostate volumes, it was not an independent risk factor of LUTS development or progression despite the known associations between BPH and LUTS.

High-risk human papillomavirus co-infection with other sexually transmitted infections and its association with cervical precancerous lesions in Ethiopian women: A cross-sectional study.

Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Lifestyle Recommendations on Early- and Later-Onset Breast Cancer Risk in Mexican Women.

The effect of vigorous physical activity on the incidence of kidney cancer.

By 2045, more than three quarters of global cancer deaths are projected to occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); however, the global availability of cancer care remains constrained by high costs and inequitable access. Value-based frameworks that integrate clinical benefit with affordability, feasibility, and equity are essential to better guide research prioritization, resource allocation, and regulatory policies in LMICs. A key component of a value-based approach is the generation of high-quality, locally relevant data to support evidence-based implementation of cancer prevention and control strategies. Herein, we provide three contemporary examples from JCO Global Oncology which demonstrate how economic evaluation in cancer research can address locally relevant, health system-specific questions.

Associations of smoking with the risk of second smoking-associated primary cancer among adults with a history of cancer.

Present work was designed to investigate antioxidant activity of plant extract in search for new, safe and inexpensive antioxidant.Bauhunia picta is extensively used in Ayurvedic medicine.The pharmacological properties of Bauhinia picta are --antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antitumor, analgesic and antipyretic.In Bauhinia picta, Flavonoid -quercetin may be powerful cancer preventive agent and known to balance the exercises of different protein frameworks due to their collaboration with biomolecules.Ethanolic and watery concentrates of B. picta created noteworthy cancer prevention agent action completed by in vitro rummaging of free radicals utilizing 1, 2-diphenyl 1-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide and superoxide.

Redefining holistic care for gynecologic hereditary cancer syndromes through universal social work referrals.

Arsenic, a widespread environmental toxicant and unexpectedly effective chemotherapeutic agent, has complex and significant effects on cellular homeostasis. Autophagy, a conserved lysosomal degradation process, plays a key role in arsenic's dual functions as a carcinogen and a treatment. While current reviews have documented interactions between arsenic and autophagy, this review introduces a new conceptual model: the "Autophagy Switch." We propose that the cellular choice between autophagy-assisted survival and autophagy-dependent death is not simply black and white but exists within a dynamic balance called the Arsenic Contextual Triad-comprising chemical form, exposure pattern (dose and duration), and the cell's oncogenic background. We compile evidence showing how this switch influences outcomes across the cancer spectrum, from promoting skin cancer through p62/Nrf2 feedback loops to breaking down oncogenic factors like PML-RARα and BCR-ABL in leukemia. Additionally, we critically assess the therapeutic potential of targeting this switch, emphasizing how drugs that either inhibit or promote autophagy can work together with arsenic trioxide (ATO) to combat drug resistance in solid tumors such as glioblastoma and ovarian cancer. By shifting from simple descriptions to a detailed mechanistic and contextual understanding, this review offers a valuable guide for future research aiming to harness the autophagy switch for cancer prevention and personalized treatment.