Canada Research Articles

GRB 180418A: A possibly-short GRB with a wide-angle outflow in a faint host galaxy

The authors acknowledge Phil Evans for the useful advice to obtain the full set of X-ray GRB afterglow light curves from the UK Swift Science Data Centre. The authors thank Daniel Perley for his valuable contribution to proposals. The Fong Group at Northwestern acknowledges support by the National Science Foundation under grant Nos. AST-1814782 and AST-1909358. Support for this work was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Chandra Award Number G08- 19025X issued by the Chandra X-ray Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of the National Aeronautics Space Administration under contract NAS8-03060. P.V. acknowledges support from NASA grants 80NSSC19K0595 and NNM11AA01A. This work made use of data supplied by the UK Swift Science Data Centre at the University of Leicester. Based on observations obtained at the international Gemini Observatory (Program IDs GS-2018A-Q-127, GN-2018A-Q-121, GN-2018B-Q-117), a program of NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation on behalf of the Gemini Observatory partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), National Research Council (Canada), Agencia Nacional de Investigaci´on y Desarrollo (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog´ia e Innovaci´on (Argentina), Minist´erio da Ciˆencia, Tecnologia, Inova¸c˜oes e Comunica¸c˜oes (Brazil), and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (Republic of Korea). This work was enabled by observations made from the Gemini North telescope, located within the Maunakea Science Reserve and adjacent to the summit of Maunakea. We are grateful for the privilege of observing the Universe from a place that is unique in both its astronomical quality and its cultural significance. Observations reported in this paper were obtained at the MMT Observatory, a joint facility of the University of Arizona and the Smithsonian Institution (Programs 2018C-UAO-G4, UAO-G213-20A, UAO-G4, UAO-G7, UAO-G212-20A, 2018b-UAO-G15). MMT Observatory access was supported by Northwestern University and the Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA). Observations obtained by the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT; program: U/18A/UA01) was supported by NASA and operated under an agreement among the University of Hawaii, the University of Arizona, and Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center; operations are enabled through the cooperation of the East Asian Observatory. We thank the Cambridge Astronomical Survey Unit (CASU) for processing the WFCAM data and the WFCAM Science Archive (WSA) for making the data available.

Young Muslim Women, Willfulness, and the Honor Crime.

In this paper I suggest that Muslim women’s emotional and affective relation to ‘culture’, ‘honor’ and Islam, often evident in transgressive acts but also attributed to them to serve other interests, becomes elided in feminist rhetorical and discursive struggles over the interrelationship between colonialism, Islam, gender and culture in existing scholarship on ‘the honor crime.’ As a Pakistani–Canadian Muslim woman, I draw from experiences in my own classes to reflect on young Muslim women’s emotional responses to cultural and honor-related regulation. Conceptualizing Canada and Pakistan as culturally, politically and affectively entangled transnational sites, I consider a strategy to validate the emotions of my students in Toronto by describing, sharing and theorizing the story of young Pakistani Muslim women’s disruptive acts, as demonstrated in Aurat (Women’s) March. I draw on Sarah Ahmed’s concept of willfulness as one possible strategy for young Muslim women to understand their own – and other Muslim women’s – transgressive desires, emotions and acts, which may run counter to identitarian constructs of Muslim/Western, Islamic/unIslamic, good/bad women. In doing so, this paper draws upon, but also diverges from, postcolonial and critical feminist approaches that have responded variously to the dilemma of confronting honor-related violence against Muslim women, which is (always) intersected by colonialism, racism and imperialism.

Microbial Greenhouse Gas Dynamics Associated With Warming Coastal Permafrost, Western Canadian Arctic

Permafrost sediments contain one of the largest reservoirs of organic carbon on Earth that is relatively stable when it remains frozen. As air temperatures increase, the shallow permafrost thaws which allows this organic matter to be converted into potent greenhouse gases such as methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) through microbial processes. Along the Beaufort Sea coast in the vicinity of the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula, Northwest Territories, Canada, warming air temperatures are causing the active layer above permafrost to deepen, and a number of active periglacial processes are causing rapid erosion of previously frozen permafrost. In this paper, we consider the biogeochemical consequences of these processes on the permafrost sediments found at Tuktoyaktuk Island. Our goals were to document the in situ carbon characteristics which can support microbial activity, and then consider rates of such activity if the permafrost material were to warm even further. Samples were collected from a 12 m permafrost core positioned on the top of the island adjacent to an eroding coastal bluff. Downcore CH4, total organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and stable carbon isotopes revealed variable in situ CH4 concentrations down core with a sub-surface peak just below the current active layer. The highest DOC concentrations were observed in the active layer. Controlled incubations of sediment from various depths were carried out from several depths anaerobically under thawed (5°C and 15°C) and under frozen (−20°C and −5°C) conditions. These incubations resulted in gross production rates of CH4 and CO2 that increased upon thawing, as expected, but also showed appreciable production rates under frozen conditions. This dataset presents the potential for sediments below the active layer to produce potent greenhouse gases, even under frozen conditions, which could be an important atmospheric source in the actively eroding coastal zone even prior to thawing.

OP544 Appraising Variation In Health Technology Assessment Of Novel Immuno-Oncology Medicines In Australia, Canada, France, And The United Kingdom

IntroductionDemonstrating the value of medicines through health technology assessment (HTA) systems is becoming increasingly complex. Innovative therapies – such as immuno-oncology (IO) agents – are testing limits of methodological approaches in markets with established HTA systems. The objective of this study is to understand how requirements, approaches, and decision-making differ between select HTA agencies with a focus on specific PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed death receptor-1/programmed death-ligand 1) agents and cancer indications, and to describe how this variation impacts patient access. To achieve this objective, we conducted a detailed HTA dossier review for several recently launched IO products across Australia (AU), Canada (CA), France (FR), and the United Kingdom (UK).MethodsContent experts reviewed HTA dossiers for pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and atezolizumab for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) first-line monotherapy, NSCLC combination therapy, and adjuvant melanoma. A systematic analytic framework was developed to understand best-practice methodology across systems. Information on submitted data, patient/expert input, and access decisions were extracted; key themes were identified and refined through workshop discussion, and probed further through blinded primary research with eight individuals with current or recent experience of HTA systems.ResultsWe identified six major elements of variation impacting decision-making: evidentiary expectations for biomarkers, use/impact of patient-centered data; use/impact of real-world data, acceptance of surrogate endpoints, approaches for clinical data extrapolation, and accepted time horizons. Considerable variation in time to access was observed; for pembrolizumab (NSCLC first-line monotherapy), time from product registration to HTA decision ranged from 42 (CA) to 487 (AU) days; time from registration to listing ranged from 189 (CA) to 605 (AU) days.ConclusionsEvaluated HTA systems demonstrate a large degree of variability in approaches to decision-making for novel IO medicines; resultant access decisions and time to access are also highly variable. Inconsistency between systems and duplication of effort when assessing similar clinical/economic data could be contributing to limited or delayed patient access; the relationship merits further exploration. Assessed HTA systems are currently undergoing process revisions but expert input suggests that this is not expected to reduce variation, and could further increase complexity. The influence of parallel scientific advice programs between HTA agencies and regulatory bodies in reducing variation must also be determined.

An Element of Hope: Radium and the Response to Cancer in Canada, 1900-1940, by Charles Hayter

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ISTAS 2021 to be Held in Ontario, Canada [News and Notes

ISTAS 2021 to be Held in Ontario, Canada [News and Notes

Abstracts from the Immunodeficiency Canada—8th SCID Symposium, 22 October 2020

Abstracts from the Immunodeficiency Canada—8^th SCID Symposium, 22 October 2020

The Audacity of His Enterprise: Louis Riel and the Métis Nation that Canada Never Was, 1840–1875. M. Max Hamon

<i>The Audacity of His Enterprise: Louis Riel and the Métis Nation that Canada Never Was, 1840–1875</i>. M. Max Hamon

Big Data in Sport Industry: Interview With Michal Lorenc, Head of Industry—Ticketing and Live Events at Google

Michal Lorenc, head of industry—ticketing and live events at Google, has been with Google for 19 years Lorenc has held multiple leadership roles on the revenue-generating side of the business He currently oversees the sales and account services team responsible for fostering strategic relationships with key partners in sports, family entertainment, music, and ticketing industries A seasoned industry veteran, Lorenc worked on a variety of strategic initiatives in marketing, business development, and sales capabilities in North America and Europe, including establishing Google’s presence in his native Poland;helping build out Google offices in Ann Arbor, Michigan;and building out the midmarket sales team for Google Canada Lorenc sat with Gashaw Abeza to discuss Google and sport, the impact of COVID, and, mainly, big data in the sport industry © 2020 Human Kinetics, Inc

Canada and the World Since 1867. Asa McKercher

<i>Canada and the World Since 1867</i>. Asa McKercher

Canada

Canada

Michael D. Barton, Janet Browne, Ken Corbett and Norman McMillan (eds.), The Correspondence of John Tyndall, vol. 6: The Correspondence, November 1856–February 1859. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2018. Pp. lviii + 537. ISBN 978-0-8229-4533-8. $125.00. (hardback).

The editing (shared between four scholars from Canada, the USA, England and Ireland for greater speed of production) is meticulous and helpful in dating undated letters and identifying people and places, publications, literary references and any scientific concepts or experiments discussed in the letters The editors occasionally nod, as when Mrs Louisa Tyndall's transcription of letter 1401 by Mrs Juliet Pollock is printed as referring to a ‘Mrs Crosser's Memorial of her Husband’ instead of to Cornelia Crosse's biography of her electrician husband;and no man of science, let alone Edwin Lankester, was president of the British Association for twenty-five years (letter 1488), whatever Wikipedia may say Because the Royal Institution has been celebrating the bicentennial of Tyndall's birth this year (2020) in COVID-muted form, it is interesting to find further confirmation in one of Tyndall's own letters (item 1366) that he was probably born in 1822, not 1820 The other topics highlighted by the editors’ Introduction provide context for Tyndall's professional activities as a lecturer at the Royal Institution in Albemarle Street and the London Institution in the City of London's Finsbury Square, his activities as an examiner for the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, and his continuing friendship with French and German scientists whom he had met and worked with as a mature student between 1848 and 1851

William Rowan and Canada’s 5¢ Whooping Crane stamp: the proposal and a Saskatchewan photograph

This article focused on the photograph of two Whooping Cranes in Saskatchewan that William Rowan used as a basis of a stamp issued by Canada Post in 1955. Details of the proposal submitted in support of this issue are outlined.

Canada

Canada

Cell Block Brushes: Art Therapy-Based Murals for Indigenous and Incarcerated Men in Federal Correctional Services (Pinceaux de bloc cellulaire : peintures murales fondées sur l'art-thérapie avec des hommes autochtones incarcérés dans les services correctionnels fédéraux)

Facilitated by a Kanien'kehá:ka First Nations art therapist and framed by her cultural knowledge, this article explores the impact of co-creating two murals on the identity development, wellness and pro-social interaction for 32 Indigenous male participants within a Canadian Federal correctional institution. This project aimed to address the Indigenous overrepresentation within correctional systems and the potential impacts of colonization on crime, including addiction, trauma and other mental health conditions. By correlating court findings with research on cultural safety for Indigenous populations, this project suggested that healing the impacts of colonization and crime can be connected to cultural accessibility and multigenerational trauma awareness in sentencing and programming. As such, the following participatory mural making project was presented and delivered by and for Indigenous, incarcerated men. Bringing cultural knowledge, teachings from the land and drawing from the ancestral wisdom of the participants, the mural was created as a space to explore the interconnected web of relationships between the self, community and the land. The outcome of the experience seemed to suggest the importance of setting a therapeutic frame for mural making as well as the benefit of cultural access, symbolism and community building for Indigenous men within the correctional setting.

“You Made a Great Mistake…you left the [your] Job and Moved to Canada”: A Study on the Information Experiences of Bangladeshi Immigrants in Canada

This paper reports on key findings from a recently completed doctoral study into the transitional information behaviour of Bangladeshi immigrants to Canada. The study uses a mixed method approach including semi-structured interviews (n=60) and surveys (n=205) with Bangladeshi immigrants who arrived in Canada between the years of 1971 and 2017. We discuss the information experience of participants in terms of their personal networks, information sharing fear, and information intelligence. Cet article rend compte des principales conclusions d'une étude doctorale récemment achevée sur le comportement informationnel des immigrants bangladais au Canada. L'étude utilise une approche mixte comprenant des entrevues semi-structurées (n = 60) et des enquêtes (n = 205) auprès d'immigrants bangladais arrivés au Canada entre 1971 et 2017. Nous discutons de l'expérience informationnelle des participants en ce qui conerne leurs réseaux personnels, la peur du partage d'informations et l'intelligence informationnelle.

United Church of Canada's Reconciliation Documents and the Indexing of Collective Memory

Following a distinct trajectory in the field of Knowledge Organization, I explore how indexes are part of the structure of our everyday lives. Drawing on extensive archival research, I look at documents created and used by the United Church of Canada as part of its reconciliation work with Indigenous peoples. I conclude that these documents index the narrative the church tells about itself—and therefore its identity—as part of the development and maintenance of the UCC’s evolving collective memory. My findings reinforce Knowledge Organization’s new line of inquiry while also complicating its message concerning the nature of infrastructure. En suivant une trajectoire unique issue du domaine de l'organisation des connaissances, j'explore comment les index font partie de la structure de notre vie quotidienne. En m'appuyant sur des recherches archivistiques approfondies, j'examine les documents créés et utilisés par l'Église Unie du Canada dans le cadre de son travail de réconciliation avec les peuples autochtones. Je conclus que ces documents indexent le récit que l’Église raconte sur elle-même - et donc sur son identité - dans le cadre du développement et du maintien de la mémoire collective en évolution de l’ÉUC. Mes conclusions renforcent cette nouvelle avenue de recherche du domande de l'organisation des connaissances, tout en complexifiant son message par rapport la nature de l’infrastructure.

Michael Dawson, Catherine Gidney, and Donald Wright, eds., Symbols of Canada

Michael Dawson, Catherine Gidney, and Donald Wright, eds., Symbols of Canada

Committees

Conference General Co-Chairs Prof. Orawan Siriratpiriya, Aquatic Resources Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, ThailandProf. Khaled M. Bali, University of California, San Diego, USAProf. Byoung Ryong Jeong, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University,Korea Conference Program Chair Prof. Koh Hock Lye, Sunway University, Malaysia Technical Committee Prof. Je-Lueng Shie, National I-Lan University, TaiwanProf. Maw Tien Lee, National Chiayi University, TaiwanProf. Małgorzata Szczepanek, UTP University of Science and Technology, PolandProf. Phebe Ding, Universiti Putra Malaysia, MalaysiaProf. Dr. Christopher R. Bryant, Université de Montréal, CanadaProf. Dr. Resul GERÇEKCİOĞLU, Gaziosmanpasa University, TurkeyProf. Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto,Universitas Gadjah Mada, IndonesiaAssoc. Prof. Aglaia (Litsa) Liopa-Tsakalidi,Technological Educational Institute of Western Greece,GreeceAssoc. Prof. Jintana Salaenoi, Kasetsart University, ThailandAssoc. Prof. Subhash J. Bhore, AIMST University, MalaysiaAssoc. Prof. HE Jie, National Institute of Education, SingaporeAssoc. Prof. Pawinee Iamtrakul,Thammasat University, ThailandAssoc. Professor RAMESH.H.RATAGERI, DAVANGERE UNIVERSITY, IndiaDr. Lovorka Gotal Dmitrovic,University North, CroatiaDr. Buncha Pongpisantham, Maejo University, ThailandDr. Dong Shuoxun, Beijing Forestry University, ChinaDr. Hameed Sulaiman, Sultan Qaboos University, OmanDr. Zulfiqar Ahmad, Wuhan University,ChinaDr. Aussanee PICHAKAM, Mahidol University, ThailandDr. Maegala Nallapan Maniyam, Universiti Selangor, MalaysiaDr. Nor Suhaila Yaacob, Universiti Selangor, MalaysiaDr. SASIKARN NUCHDANG,Thailand institute of nuclear technology, ThailandDr. Zhu Chengxiang, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, ChinaDr. Noor Awanis Muslim, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Malaysia

Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of Metformin Treatment in Pregnant Women with Type 2 Diabetes

To investigate the effects of metformin treatment on pregnancy outcomes, investigators in Canada and Australia conducted a placebo-controlled trial in