Camphoric acid and 2,5-bis(pyrid-4-yl)pyridine laden Cd(II)-coordination polymer as reversible turn-off-on sensor for glutamate.

In recent years, the unsustainable consumption of fossil resources has been causing major ecological concerns, especially for the production of polymeric materials. 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is one of the most appealing biobased chemical building blocks, because of its potential to replace the industrially widespread petrochemical, terephthalic acid. Camphoric acid (CA) is also an interesting biobased chemical derived from camphor, one of the most widespread fragrances. This work had the objective of combining CA, FDCA and biobased 1,6-hexanediol to synthesize random copolymers for sustainable food packaging applications by means of a solvent-free polycondensation process, obtaining poly(hexamethylene furanoate-co-camphorate)s (PHFC). The optimization of the synthesis made it possible to obtain high molecular weight polyesters with a percentage of camphoric acid up to 17 mol%, which could be compression-molded into films. They were subjected to molecular, structural, thermal and functional characterization via NMR, GPC, WAXS, DSC, and TGA analyses, as well as mechanical and gas permeability tests. Compared to the homopolymer of reference, it was possible to obtain higher flexibility, 430% higher elongation at break, and 223% higher toughness, with comparable, excellent gas permeability properties. Calorimetric evidence suggested that camphoric acid might have enhanced the formation of a partially ordered mesomorph phase in the copolymers under study.

Bioderived camphoric acid (CPA) was cross-linked with epoxidized soybean oil to yield fully biobased thermosets with self-healing ability at room temperature. The self-healing performance improved with increasing temperature close to the curing temperature of 180 °C, with the welding starting as early as 1 h, and the cut was completely repaired after 16 h. The cross-linker’s rigid 5-carbon ring reinforced the polymeric structure, resulting in a higher Tg (28.9 °C) as compared to aliphatic cross-linkers. The thermoset films exhibited hydrophobic properties, with a contact angle of greater than 90° and excellent thermal stability above 300 °C. These biobased thermosets were synthesized through a facile method in the absence of a catalyst, enhancing the green credential of the products. These thermoset materials were utilized in the fabrication of biobased triboelectric nanogenerators (bio-TENGs). The electrical output performance of the bio-TENG demonstrated significant promise with an output voltage of 75 V and a current of 4 μA. The ESO/CPA thermoset films therefore represent an interesting alternative for manufacturing environmentally friendly TENGs.

Conversion of cyclic renewable monomers derived from camphoric acid and CHDM into biobased polyesters with tunable thermal and structural properties.

Four new porous homochiral metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), [M2(camph)2(bpa)]∙Solv (M = Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II)), based on (+)-camphoric acid (H2camph) and 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (bpa) were synthesized and characterized. The crystal structures of [Ni2(camph)2(bpa)] and [Zn2(camph)2(bpa)] were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Powder X-ray data prove the phase purity and isostructural nature of all four compounds. The thermal stability of [M2(camph)2(bpa)] was found to depend on the electronic configuration, as well as on the redox properties of the metal cation, and varied from 225 °C (M = Zn2+) to 375 °C (M = Ni2+). The reversible, solvent-induced sponge-like dynamics of the coordination frameworks was thoroughly investigated. Changes in the positions of reflexes, related to the length of the flexible bpa linker, were observed by powder XRD, pointing to transitions between an open-framework phase and a squeezed, non-porous phase in a crystal-to-crystal manner, while the integrity and connectivity of the coordination network were maintained. Size-selective adsorption from a benzene–cyclohexane 1:1 mixture on [Zn2(camph)2(bpa)] was studied by 1H NMR analysis. The benzene-favorable composition of guest molecules (C6H6:C6H12 = 5:1) occluded within the host crystalline sponge revealed a preferable adsorption affinity towards smaller benzene compared with larger cyclohexane. High framework stability in various solvents, as well as successful molecular separation in the liquid state, validates the potential utilization of chiral porous metal(II) camphorate MOFs in important stereoselective applications.

Unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs) were synthesized from camphoric acid and diluted with styrene, partially replaced (up to 30%) by trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA). Rheological tests showed increased but sustainable viscosity due to TMPTA’s higher polarity. These UPRs served as matrices for composites reinforced with non-woven bamboo and flax mats from recycled waste. Mechanical testing revealed that Cf-UPR/TMPTA30 exhibited the highest tensile strength (25.2 MPa) and modulus (0.96 GPa), compared to 18.7 MPa and 0.74 GPa for the styrene-based resin, respectively, attributed to greater cross-link density. Bamboo composites showed lower tensile properties (13.6 MPa) due to random fiber orientation and porosity, while flax-reinforced systems, especially Cf-UPR/TMPTA30–FLAX, reached 42.7 MPa tensile and 95.5 MPa flexural strength, indicating synergy between TMPTA-modified resin and flax fibers. Dynamic-mechanical analysis confirmed stable thermo-mechanical behavior, and water uptake tests showed reduced absorption (by ~10%), suggesting improved fiber/matrix adhesion. SEM images revealed brittle fracture and fiber pull-out in styrene systems, but fiber breakage and ductile textures in TMPTA-based ones, proving better stress transfer. Thermal analysis indicated slightly earlier degradation onset for TMPTA-modified resins but higher char yield in fiber composites. Overall, TMPTA substitution and flax reinforcement enhance the mechanical, interfacial, and thermal properties of bio-based UPRs, supporting sustainable high-performance composites.

In light of the broad-spectrum biological activities of camphor and α-aminophosphonate, a series of camphor acid derivatives incorporating α-aminophosphonate moieties were rationally designed, synthesised, and evaluated for their biological activities. The target compounds were characterised using IR,1H NMR,13C NMR, and ESI-MS techniques. Preliminary bioassays revealed compound 5a displayed a 93.7% inhibitory effect, while compound 5i showed a 96.2% inhibitory effect against B. dothidea when tested at a concentration of 50 mg/L, much better than that of the positive control Chlorothalonil. Herbicidal evaluations revealed that at 100 mg/L, the growth inhibition rates of compounds 5a, 5c, 5f, and 5h on the roots of rape (Brassica campestris) were 81.5%, 82.8%, 81.2%, and 96.6%, respectively, much better than that of the positive control Flumioxazin. Preliminary insecticidal assays suggested that the introduction of α-aminophosphonate significantly enhanced the insecticidal activity of the parent compound. This investigation establishes a proof-of-concept foundation, indicating that the drug design strategy could be effectively applied in agrochemical research.

ABSTRACT In this paper, eight new liquid crystal compounds containing cholesterol and camphoric acid as chiral agents were designed and synthesised, and the cinnamic acid group as a bridge bond is introduced into the system to make the synthesised liquid crystal compounds have certain optical properties with excellent liquid crystal properties. The structure of liquid crystal compounds was characterised by FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The liquid crystal phase behaviour of liquid crystal compounds was characterised by POM, DSC and TGA. The optical properties of liquid crystal compounds were tested by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The influence of different carbon chain lengths on liquid crystal performance and selective reflection performance was explored. The synthesised liquid crystal compounds were observed to exhibit diverse liquid crystalline textures, distinct selective reflection colours, and high thermal stability, demonstrating favourable optical properties. These chiral compounds demonstrate significant application potential, offering a viable pathway for chiral optical material development.

Zhi-Zi-chi decoction: A promising remedy for liver inflammation via gut microbiota modulation.

ABSTRACT The development of the technology for bio‐based resin and related composites production has nowadays become a key focus in materials research. In line with that, in this study, the effect of the structure of camphoric acid (C f A) based unsaturated polyester resin (C f ‐UPR) on the mechano‐chemical properties of related C f ‐UPR/K f L composites, produced at 5–20 wt.% of Kraft lignin (K f L) addition, was examined. Camphoric acid, along with bio‐based maleic anhydride (MA) and propylene glycol (PG), was used in the synthesis of the C f ‐UPR designed to enhance the wetting power of K f L providing improvement in mechanical properties and thermal stability of the composites. The structure of C f ‐UPR was proved using FTIR and NMR techniques. The morphological and mechanical properties of C f ‐UPR/K f L composites were studied using FE‐SEM, TEM, TGA, DTA, micro indentation, and tensile test measurements. The tensile strength and toughness increase, compared to pure C f ‐UPR, for 23.9% and 93.4% at 5 wt.% K f L addition in C f ‐UPR, respectively, while at higher K f L addition the values gradually decrease. The maximum increase in microhardness, 33.1%, was recorded with the addition of the 5 wt.% K f L. Furthermore, the tensile strength of the flax fabric‐reinforced laminated composite (C f ‐UPR/Ff) increased by an impressive 481%, which corroborates the idea about future consideration of sustainable production of high‐performance bio‐based composites. By using renewable resources and minimizing environmental impact, this method not only improves the material's performance but also complies with green chemistry principles. These composites are suitable for use in construction materials, automobile parts, and other sectors looking for environmentally friendly substitutes.

The XuLing JianGu recipe (XLJGR) is an empirical traditional Chinese medicine formula used for the treatment of osteoporosis. This study aims to explore the effects of XLJGR on the intestinal microbiota composition and endogenous metabolites in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. An OVX rat model was established to evaluate the intervention effects of XLJGR. The measured indicators included bone density, serum bone metabolism markers, and an analysis of the types and abundances of intestinal microbiota, along with changes in endogenous metabolites. Additionally, MC3T3-E1 cells were used to validate the differential metabolites. XLJGR significantly reduced the abundance of Bacteroides, Butyricicoccus, and other bacterial strains in the gut. KEGG metabolic pathway enrichment analysis showed that XLJGR intervention led to notable changes in pathways such as peptidoglycan biosynthesis, carbapenem biosynthesis, and vancomycin resistance. Moreover, XLJGR significantly upregulated key intestinal microbiota metabolites, including gabapentin(GAB), camphoric acid(CAA), and nonanedioic acid(AZA), thereby promoting the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. This study highlights the potential biomedical applications of XLJGR in promoting bone health by positively affecting intestinal microbiota and metabolic characteristics. These findings suggest that XLJGR may serve as a viable alternative in the treatment of osteoporosis, warranting further exploration of its therapeutic mechanisms and clinical applications.

High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is a severe neurological condition that can occur at high altitudes. It is characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the brain, leading to a range of symptoms, including severe headache, confusion, loss of coordination, and even coma and death. Exosomes play a crucial role in intercellular communication, and their contents have been found to change in various diseases. This study analyzed the metabolomic characteristics of blood exosomes from HACE patients compared to those from healthy controls (HCs) with the aim of identifying specific metabolites or metabolic pathways associated with the development of HACE conditions. A total of 21 HACE patients and 21 healthy controls were recruited for this study. Comprehensive metabolomic profiling of the serum exosome samples was conducted using ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‒MS/MS). Additionally, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis was performed to identify the metabolic pathways affected in HACE patients. Twenty-six metabolites, including ( +)-camphoric acid, choline, adenosine, adenosine 5′-monophosphate, deoxyguanosine 5′-monophosphate, guanosine, and hypoxanthine-9-β-D-arabinofuranoside, among others, exhibited significant changes in expression in HACE patients compared to HCs. Additionally, these differentially abundant metabolites were confirmed to be potential biomarkers for HACE. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed several pathways that significantly affect energy metabolism regulation (such as purine metabolism, thermogenesis, and nucleotide metabolism), estrogen-related pathways (the estrogen signaling pathway, GnRH signaling pathway, and GnRH pathway), cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways (the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway and cAMP signaling pathway), and hormone synthesis and secretion pathways (renin secretion, parathyroid hormone synthesis, secretion and action, and aldosterone synthesis and secretion). In patients with HACE, adenosine, guanosine, and hypoxanthine-9-β-D-arabinofuranoside were negatively correlated with height. Deoxyguanosine 5′-monophosphate is negatively correlated with weight and BMI. Additionally, LPE (18:2/0:0) and pregnanetriol were positively correlated with age. This study identified potential biomarkers for HACE and provided valuable insights into the underlying metabolic mechanisms of this disease. These findings may lead to potential targets for early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention in HACE patients.

Comprehensive SummaryThe crystallization of chiral molecules is of great significance to understand the origin and evolution of hierarchical chirality and reveal the relationships between structural chirality and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activity. Here, we report two pairs of chiral metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) (DCF‐17/LCF‐17, DCF‐18/LCF‐18) by utilizing tetradentate ligands tetra(3‐imidazoylphenyl)ethylene (TIPE) and 4,4'‐[4',5'‐bis[4‐(4‐pyridinyl)phenyl][1,1':2',1”‐terphenyl]‐4,4”‐diyl]bis[pyridine] (TPPP) as linkers. It can be observed that the spontaneous resolution of the achiral ligands is converted into the induced resolution, and the ligands form the absolute configuration by using enantiopure camphoric acid (cam) as chiral induced reagent (CIR). As a result, the racemate MOFs can be driven to generate absolute homochiral crystallization. Another two achiral MOFs [Cd(D‐cam)(TPPP)0.5] (AF‐1, AF = achiral framework) and [Cd(L‐cam)(TPPP)0.5] (AF‐2) were prepared. The position disorder of D/L‐cam skeleton causes the generation of nonchiralization, further leading to disappearance of symmetry breaking of TPPP. For the perspective of structure, this is the first report which reveals the chiral transfer and nonchiralization between chiral induced agents and tetradentate ligands. Besides, DCF‐17 and LCF‐17 show CPL with luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) of –1.0 × 10‐2 and +9.2 × 10–3, respectively. This work provides the useful evidences to reveal the induced chiral crystallization and the construction of CPL‐active crystalline materials.

Camphoric Acid in Nanomagnetic Photocatalyst Synthesis: Direct and Indirect Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation of PCBs

Synthesis of novel Bis-1,2,4-Triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]Thiadiazines from natural camphoric acid as potential anti-candidal agents

Two pairs of chiral MOFs with hierarchical chiral structures were constructed through assembly of achiral AIE-type multidentate linkers and chiral camphoric acid. Non-reciprocal circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) can be observed on the macroscopic due to the coexistence of optical anisotropic and chiroptical nature. This study provides a new perspective to recognize and construct chiral crystalline materials.

A multifunctional fluorescence probe based on a new Cd-MOF for HSO4−, acidic amino acids, and continuous basic amino acids detection

ABSTRACT Two series of chiral liquid crystal compounds were synthesised from benzoic acid containing cholesterol with different carbon-chain lengths and bisphenol monoester containing camphoric acid with different carbon-chain lengths, named BCP-C and DCP-C. The structure of the monomers is characterised by IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR, which indicate that the synthesised molecule conforms to the molecular design. The textures of monomers were characterised by POM, and their selective reflection was studied. It was found that the synthesised liquid crystal compounds exhibited good liquid crystal and optical properties. The phase transition behaviour was characterised using DSC, and the results were consistent with those observed by POM. TGA showed that they had good thermal stability.

ABSTRACT In this paper, first series of liquid crystal polymers (PF) synthesised by hydrosilylation of monomer containing furan group (MA), monomer containing cholesterol group (MB), monomer containing D (+)-camphoric acid group (MC) and monomer containing cyano-group (MD), catalysed by platinum catalyst. Another series of liquid crystal polymers (EF) is synthesised by the Dies-Alder reaction of the former series and cross-linker containing bismaleimide group. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance(1H NMR) showed the successful preparation of various monomers as well as polymers. The thermal properties of two series were characterised by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). We observed dramatic colour changes and Grand-jean textures of polymers using polarised optical macroscope (POM). The results of POM and selective reflection showed that both series of polymers are cholesteric liquid crystals. In the latter series, crosslinking by Diels-Alder reaction can make the liquid crystal better oriented, which can maintain their wonderful liquid crystal (LC) texture and selective reflection, and at the same time, it has a certain regulation effect on the appearance of cholesteric Grand-jean blue texture. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) further proved the two series of polymers are cholesteric liquid crystals.

Zn-based metal-organic-framework as a multifunctional fluorescent sensor for HSO4−, acidic and basic amino acids