Campanulate Flowers Research Articles

A new species of Pitcairnia (Bromeliaceae) with nocturnal anthesis from Oaxaca, Mexico

Background: Pitcairnia is the third largest bromeliad genus in Mexico with 57 species and ca. 82.5 % endemism, and is characterized mostly by zygomorphic, ornithophilous flowers of diurnal anthesis in several hues of red, orange, or yellow, whereas white or green flowers are uncommon. Moreover, there are just a few species with nocturnal anthesis in Megamexico. One of them is documented and discussed here. Questions: Is the Pitcairnia with campanulate, fragrant flowers of nocturnal anthesis from Oaxaca different from other species with similar characters native to Mexico and the Neotropics and what is its conservation status? Studied species: Pitcairnia abundans, P. lokischmidtiae, P. zapoteca. Study site and dates: Oaxaca, Mexico, 2016-2024. Methods: Live plants, herbarium material, protologues, and high-resolution images of herbarium specimens, both of the new taxon and of morphologically similar taxa, were studied and compared against each other. The conservation status of the new species was assessed using the IUCN criteria. Results: Pitcairnia zapoteca is similar but different at the species level from P. lokischmidtiae from Jalisco; both share campanulate flowers of nocturnal anthesis and a musky or frutal fragances. The conservation status of the new taxon is assessed as DD. Conclusions: Pitcairnia zapoteca is a new species, only known from the type locality in the state of Oaxaca and only one of three Mexican species with campanulate, white, yellowish or greenish flowers of nocturnal anthesis. The assessment the true conservation status of the new taxon requires detailed exploration of the SE portion of Oaxaca.

A new species of Meriania (Melastomataceae: Merianieae) from southeastern Ecuador

Meriania judithiae, a new species from the southeast of Morona Santiago in Ecuador, is described and illustrated. With this new addition, the number of species of the genus increases to 33 in this country. Meriania judithiae has leaves with a attenuate base extending down the petiole as wings, multiflorous inflorescences with sub-umbellate paraclades, pink-orange campanulate flowers, the calyx with conical projections, and isomorphic stamens with connectives prolonged below the thecae. It is compared with M. cuneifolia, its most similar species which shares the distant supra-basal venation and gradually narrowing base of the leaves. In addition, the taxonomic similarities of the new entity are discussed and information about its distribution, habitat, and conservation status is provided.

A new species of Meriania (Melastomataceae: Merianieae) with winged hypanthium from the Cordillera del Condor in Ecuador

A new species of Meriania, from the Cordillera del Condor in Ecuador is described and illustrated here. With this new addition, the number of species of the genus increases to 32 in this country. Meriania urdialesii has few-flowered, pendulous inflorescences with paraclades in regular dichasia, reddish-orange campanulate flowers, 10-winged hypanthium, and isomorphic stamens with connectives that are not prolonged below the thecae. In this paper, we compare the new species with the most similar species that also feature ornamented hypanthia: Meriania campii, M. costata, and M. sumatika. In addition, the taxonomic similarities of the new entity are discussed, and information about its distribution, habitat, and conservation status is provided.

Moraea saxatilis (Iridaceae: Iridoideae), a new montane species from the Groot Winterhoek Wilderness Area of the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa

The new species Moraea saxatilis Goldblatt & J.C.Manning (Iridaceae: Iridoideae) is a narrow endemic of the Kliphuisvlakte above Porterville in Western Cape, South Africa. First recorded in September 2019, M. saxatilis is restricted to shallow, seasonally waterlogged soils on sandstone sheets. This diminutive species has unusual terete leaves with a median dorsal translucent line, and distinctive pale lilac flowers irregularly speckled or streaked with dark blue towards the centre, with the filaments ±free or connate only in the basal third. The acaulescent habit and ±campanulate flowers with subequal tepals connate below in a solid perianth tube and reduced style crests place the species in subg. Galaxia (Thunb.) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning. Within the subgenus, the fringed style branches of M. saxatilis place it in ser. Galaxia, which currently includes nine species, all with white or yellow flowers. Among these, only M. luteoalba has ±free filaments but it differs considerably from M. saxatilis in having plane, ovate to elliptic leaves and larger yellow flowers sometimes creamy white distally.

A new species of Pinalia (Orchidaceae) with bell-shaped flowers from the mossy forest of southern Mindanao, Philippines

We present the first orchid species described from the Mount Busa Key Biodiversity Area (KBA 196) in southern Mindanao, Philippines. The new species was discovered growing on moss-covered tree trunks in the upper montane forest. It is primarily distinguished among the genus Pinalia by its very short inflorescence that bears few, closely spaced and relatively large campanulate flowers with trilobed, weakly keeled labellum and a dentate callus on disc. The discovery of this species brings the total number of Pinalia in the Philippines to 39. More importantly, it highlights the need for more field-based research on the flora of southern Mindanao to alleviate knowledge shortfalls that continue to limit our understanding of the region’s biodiversity.

Fertile Intersectional F1 Hybrids of 4x Andean Blueberry (Vaccinium meridionale) and 4x American Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon)

Vaccinium meridionale (section Pyxothamnus), a tetraploid species native to higher altitude locations in Jamaica, Colombia, and Venezuela, is of interest to Vaccinium breeders for its profuse, concentrated springtime flowering and monopodial plant structure, both of which may be useful in breeding for mechanical harvest. In this study, tetraploid V. meridionale was hybridized successfully as a male with 4x V. macrocarpon (section Oxycoccos, American cranberry). The first-generation hybrids with 4x cranberry were intermediate in morphology and notably vigorous. The 4x F1 hybrids displayed a vining plant structure, increased flower bud numbers, and white campanulate flowers. The F1 hybrids displayed modest fertility as females upon selfing and backcrossing to 4x V. macrocarpon. Evaluations of male fertility found good pollen production and a range of pollen quality ranging from very good to poor. Hybrids functioned well as males in crosses that used US 1930, a V. meridionale–V. vitis-idaea hybrid as the female. The fertility suggests that these hybrids, despite being derived from intersectional crosses, might be used conventionally in cranberry breeding without significant difficulty.

New species of Hessea and Strumaria (Amaryllidaceae: Amaryllideae) from Namaqualand in Northern Cape and Western Cape, South Africa

Described are two new species in the southern African subtribe Strumariinae (Amaryllidaceae: Amaryllideae). In Hessea the new species H. pallida (subg. Hessea) from Toringberg, Western Cape, on the westernmost edge of the southern Namaqualand Hardeveld, is known on the edges of a seasonal pan within Namaqualand Granite Renosterveld. The whitish to pale pink flowers have crisped tepal edges in common with three species known exclusively from fire-prone fynbos in the Core Cape Floristic Region. Hessea pallida is inferred to be most closely related to H. monticola. The two species differ in the size, colouring and markings of the flowers, shape of the tepals and flowering habit. Hessea monticola is a fire obligate whereas H. pallida flowers regularly in a habitat free of fire. The recognition of Toringberg as a minor refugium for core Cape plants is briefly discussed. In Strumaria the new species S. crystallina (subg. Strumaria) is described from the Nama shales of the Skaaprivier gorge on the northern Namaqualand Escarpment. The widely campanulate flowers have sculptured stamens and style like those of S. bidentata, but S. crystallina stands out in having soft, narrow leaves unlike the firm, upright leaves spread into a flattened fan as in most other species in the subgenus, apart from S. prolifera in northern Namaqualand. Both new species are known only from the type locality.

Drymonia mexicana (Gesneriaceae), a new endemic species from Veracruz (Mexico)

Ongoing research on the systematics of Drymonia (Gesneriaceae) resulted in the discovery of a new species, Drymonia mexicana Clavijo & J.L. Clark of the Gesneriaceae (tribe: Gesnerieae, subtribe: Columneinae). The new species is distinguished by the combination of narrow leaves with large corollas, glabrous leaves adaxially, calyx lobes ovate, and campanulate flowers with the tube slightly recurved ventrally and the limb purple. The new species is endemic to high elevation forests in the the Mexican state of Veracruz. The plant is commonly cultivated, but its introduction from Mexico to the horticultural community is unknown. Here, we describe and illustrate Drymonia mexicana Clavijo & J.L. Clark and present a key to identify the species of Drymonia native to Mexico.

<p><strong><em>Fritillaria arsusiana</em> (Lilieae, Liliaceae), a new species from southern Anatolia</strong></p>

In this study, Fritillaria arsusiana (Liliaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from Hatay province in southern Anatolia, Turkey. It is related to F. amana and F. hermonis by habitus features and broadly campanulate flowers, but differs mainly by its bulb shape and size, smaller leaf and flower features, and flower colour. It has also been morphologically compared with F. wendelboi, F. pinardii, and F. latakiensis. The detailed description, diagnostic characters, original photographs, geographical distribution, habitat and phenology, etymology, conservation status, and identification key of the new and the related species are presented in this study. IUCN conservation status of F. arsusiana is suggested as Critically Endangered (CR).

Systematics of Ledebouria sect. Resnova (Hyacinthaceae: Scilloideae: Massonieae), with a new subtribal classification of Massonieae

The species in Ledebouria sect. Resnova are revised, with an identification key, full nomenclature, descriptions, ecological notes, and illustrations. Sect. Resnova is defined by its deeply campanulate flowers with tepals shortly connate basally and erect throughout or spreading distally; biseriate stamens with white, filiform filaments; sessile or subsessile ovary; and diagnostic seeds, obliquely obovoid with an inflated and invaginated raphe, and a finely puberulous-echinulate testa. Five species are recognised, divided between the monotypic ser. Lachenalioides, diagnosed by larger flowers with multi-nerved tepals, and ser. Resnova, with smaller flowers and uni-nerved tepals. Species in ser. Resnova are distinguished primarily by the presence or absence of hairs on one or both surfaces of the leaves, and by the presence or absence of a pseudopetiole. The new species Ledebouria hardyi J.C.Manning is described for a collection of plants from near Burgersfort in Limpopo with mostly solitary, markedly pseudopetiolate foliage. The species in sect. Resnova are geographically and ecologically separated by altitude and climate. A revised subtribal classification is provided for Massonieae, based on available phylogenetic hypotheses. Three subtribes are recognised: the monotypic Merwillineae is described for the genus Merwilla and is diagnosed by its white ovary and beige seeds; the genus Schizocarphus is transferred to join Ledebouria in Ledebouriinae, which is weakly diagnosed by the development of multiple inflorescences in some species and a flexuous scape; and Lachenaliinae is included within Massoniinae, which comprises all remaining genera in the tribe and is diagnosed by its few to many subglobose seeds per locule and often tunicated bulbs. This classification replaces existing hypotheses, which are inconsistent with available morphological and phylogenetic data.

Pachyphytum huastecanum (Crassulaceae), a New Species from the Huasteca Canyon, Nuevo León, Mexico

Pachyphytum huastecanum is described as a new species discovered in the Cañón de la Huasteca in the Sierra Madre Oriental in the Mexican state of Nuevo León. This species is placed in section Diotostemon, where it is morphologically related to Pachyphytum hookeri, from which it differs by its shorter stems, compact rosettes, flat, olive-green colored leaves, shorter pedicels, its campanulate flowers and obovate petals. Additionally, two DNA diagnostic nucleotides were found at the ITS2 nuclear genome region which differentiate the new species from other 19 Pachyphytum species.

Hoya amicabilis sp. nov. (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae), from Java discovered on Facebook

A new species from Java, Hoya amicabilis S.Rahayu & Rodda is described and illustrated. It was first identified as a new species from pictures posted on social media in 2017. Hoya amicabilis is part of a small group of species that have an unusual shrubby habit, but it is the only one in that group with bright yellow campanulate flowers. Furthermore, Hoya amicabilis is a rather unusual species of Hoya since its staminal corona lobes are oblong, erect, while most species of Hoya have well‐developed generally spreading corona lobes, and its style head is umbonate, brightly coloured and extending above the anther appendages, while most species have a conical style head covered by anther appendages.

Systematics of the sub-Saharan African squills: The genera Merwilla, Pseudoprospero, Schizocarphus and Spetaea (Hyacinthaceae: Scilloideae)

The sub-Saharan African species previously included in Scilla subgenus Scilla are reviewed, with full nomenclature, descriptions, ecological notes, and colour illustrations. Four genera and five species are recognised. Pseudoprospero firmifolium (tribe Pseudoprospereae) is endemic to South Africa and is separated by leaf width and ovary colour into subsp. firmifolium from the Eastern Cape and subsp. natalensis from KwaZulu-Natal. It is diagnosed primarily by its bi-ovulate locules, and often branched raceme. Merwilla (tribe Massonieae) is recognised by its white ovary, and unique, pale beige seeds. It includes the dwarf M. dracomontana from the foothills of the KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape Drakensberg, distinguished by its prostrate foliage and hispidulous scape, and the variable M. plumbea from southern and east subtropical Africa, with hispidulous or glabrous foliage but consistently glabrous scape. Dwarf forms of this species from the southeastern coast and near-interior of South Africa that include the type of M. kraussii are segregated as subsp. kraussii. The subtropical M. lazulina is treated as a synonym of subsp. plumbea. The monotypic Schizocarphus (tribe Massonieae) is diagnosed by its fibrous leaves and dark ovary, and S. nervosus is widely distributed through southern and subtropical Africa. Although it is highly variable in stature, in the shape and vestiture of the foliage, and in the length of the pedicels, it is not possible to recognise more than a single species. Spetaea lachenaliiflora (tribe Massonieae) is endemic to the southwestern mountains of the Western Cape, South Africa, and is readily distinguished from the other three genera by its tunicated bulb, ebracteolate raceme, and campanulate flowers with exserted stamens and style.

A taxonomic revision of Thesium section Hagnothesium (Santalaceae) and description of a new species, T. quartzicolum

Thesium L., section Hagnothesium is endemic to the Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR), South Africa. In the past there has been a propensity in revisionary work of the section Hagnothesium to split taxa into distinct species or vice-versa. Consequently, 15 different names exist although only 6 are accepted formally. Following recent molecular phylogenetic studies, the monophyly of the section Hagnothesium is now well-established but the circumscription of species within the section remains problematic given the complicated nomenclatural history which has added further confusion. In this paper we revise the section using a total evidence approach to propose a revised taxonomy. We studied both herbarium collections as well as plants in their natural populations to circumscribe species boundaries, determine their geographical ranges and estimate their conservation statuses. Species of the section Hagnothesium are dioecious, generally having four-merous campanulate flowers produced in spikes borne in bract axils and arranged along the length of branchlets, with valvate perianth lobes and a short to absent hypanthial tube. We recognise eight species, of which one is described in this study as new: T. fragile L.f., T. fruticulosum (A.W.Hill) J.C.Manning & F.Forest, T. hirtum (Sond.) Zhigila, Verboom & Muasya comb. nov., T. leptostachyum A.DC., T. longicaule Zhigila, Verboom & Muasya nom. nov. T. microcarpum A.DC., T. minus (A.W.Hill) J.C.Manning & F.Forest) and T. quartzicolum Zhigila, Verboom & Muasya sp. nov. We provide updated taxonomic keys, species descriptions, illustrations, distribution maps, new combinations, synonyms, and notes on the red list status for each species.

Evolutionary Analysis of Monopyle (Gesneriaceae) from Panama

Monopyle Moritz ex Benth. (Gloxiniinae: Gesneriaceae) is a group of terrestrial understory or facultative epiphytic herbs distributed from Guatemala southward through northern South America. Monopyle is traditionally characterized by differentially swollen internodes, anisophyllous opposite leaves, campanulate flowers, osmophore and the presence of uncinate trichomes (Keene, 2013; Roalson et al. 2005; Weber, 2004). Monopyle is currently represented by six species and one variety in Central America. The largest percentage of taxa have been confirmed to reside from the premontane to montane forest in Panama and Costa Rica from 300–1300 m. Monopyle puberula C.V. Morton and Monopyle maxonii C.V.Morton have the broadest distribution in the region with other species being narrow endemics. Revisionary work on the genus has led to the identification of several newly discovered species in the region previously lumped within Monopyle macrocarpa Benth. A morphological and molecular assessment of species from this region have shown that Monopyle macrocarpa does not occur in Central America and is actually restricted to an area of Northern Peru. The newly discovered species can be determined by a suite of characters which include density of pubescence, petiole length, calyx shape, and corolla shape coupled with color. My research focuses on separating both Monopyle dichotoma Keene ined.and Monopyle sessilis Keene ined. as new species from previously known taxa.

Miliusa chantaburiana (Annonaceae), a new species from SE Thailand

Miliusa chantaburiana Damthongdee & Chaowasku, a new species of Annonaceae from SE Thailand, is described and illustrated. It belongs to a clade with campanulate flowers and inner petals that are generally tightly appressed from the base to more or less the midpoint at anthesis. The new species is remarkable in possessing a strongly recurved apex of the inner petals at anthesis and can be principally differentiated from its morphologically closest species, M. pumila Chaowasku and M. filipes Ridl., both from Peninsular Thailand, by the higher number of stamens and carpels per flower and horseshoe-shaped stigmas. Miliusa chantaburiana is also unique in having a 6-base-pair insertion in the plastid matK sequence. A revised key to species in the campanulate-flowered clade in Thailand is given.Citation: Damthongdee A. & Chaowasku T. 2018: Miliusa chantaburiana (Annonaceae), a new species from SE Thailand. – Willdenowia 48: 293–301. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.48.48208Version of record first published online on 24 August 2018 ahead of inclusion in August 2018 issue.

Convergent evolution of floral shape tied to pollinator shifts in Iochrominae (Solanaceae).

Flower form is one of many floral features thought to be shaped by pollinator-mediated selection. Although the drivers of variation in flower shape have often been examined in microevolutionary studies, relatively few have tested the relationship between shape evolution and shifts in pollination system across clades. In the present study, we use morphometric approaches to quantify shape variation across the Andean clade Iochrominae and estimate the relationship between changes in shape and shifts in pollination system using phylogenetic comparative methods. We infer multiple shifts from an ancestral state of narrow, tubular flowers toward open, bowl-shaped, or campanulate flowers as well as one reversal to the tubular form. These transitions in flower shape are significantly correlated with changes in pollination system. Specifically, tubular forms tend to be hummingbird-pollinated and the open forms tend to be insect-pollinated, a pattern consistent with experimental work as well as classical floral syndromes. Nonetheless, our study provides one of the few empirical demonstrations of the relationship between flower shape and pollination system at a macroevolutionary scale.

Orobanche mlokosiewiczii (Orobanchaceae): a new species from the Greater Caucasus, and nomenclatural notes on similar species

A new, probably endemic species, Orobanche mlokosiewiczii (Orobanchaceae) is described from Georgia, in the Greater Caucasus. The species grows near waterfalls, on slopes with thermo-hygrophilous subalpine tall herbaceous vegetation, and is exclusively parasitic of another endemic species: Aconitum cymbulatum. It is a graceful whitish or pale white-yellow plant, characterised by campanulate flowers and usually a very wide open throat of corolla. So far, for the Orobanche parasite on Aconitum (exlusively A. lycoctonum) only one species O. lycoctoni is known—occurring in the Cantabrian Mts. in Spain and in the Alps. A detailed description, diagnosis, illustrations, and comparison with possible related species (O. lycoctoni, O. krylowii, O. inulae, O. flava subsp. cicerbitae) are provided. We also present phylogenetic analysis, and nomenclatural notes about the above species, and a lectotype of O. inulae is designated. Moreover, inside the Orobanche sect. Orobanche, a new combination Orobanche subsect. Curvatae and a new series Orobanche ser. Krylowianae are proposed and their types are designated.

Drimia edwardsii (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new urgineoid species from the Mkhomazi River Valley of eastern South Africa

A new species endemic to South Africa, Drimia edwardsii, is described and illustrated, with data provided on its morphology, ecology and distribution. The species appears to be closely related to Drimia delagoensis and Urginea lydenburgensis, and whereas all are synanthous and produce small, pale-brownish campanulate flowers, several leaf and bulb features clearly distinguish the new species.

A New Species ofTriteleia(Themidaceae) from the Southern Sierra Nevada

Abstract Triteleia piutensis E. Kentner & K. Steiner is described as a new species from the Piute Mountains of the southern Sierra Nevada in Kern County, California where it is known from only two small populations. Both populations are located in openings in pinyon-juniper woodland on volcanically derived soils. It is distinguished from other Triteleia species that have stamens attached at two different levels by its erect, yellow, campanulate flowers with recurved lobes, its short ovary stalk, and a geographic range restricted to the extreme southern Sierra Nevada Mountains. A revised key to Triteleia species with stamens attached alternately at two levels is provided.