Campaign In Japan Research Articles

Trends in Participation in Rubella Antibody Testing among Working-Aged Men during Annual Health Check-Ups from 2019 to 2022 in Japan.

In 2019, the Japanese government established a scheme for rubella antibody testing of men born between 1962 and 1978 during workplace health check-ups. However, the use of vouchers for rubella antibody testing was limited. Health check-up data analyses are needed to determine the reason why rubella antibody testing is not widely used. In this study, we aimed to describe changes in rubella antibody test-taking behavior during health check-ups during the first 3 years of the rubella catch-up campaign in Japan. In 2019, 2020, and 2021 (2020 in some areas) vouchers were sent to men born during the fiscal years 1972-1978, 1966-1971, and 1962-1965, respectively. We calculated the prevalence in men born between 1962 and 1978 who underwent rubella antibody testing during mandatory health check-ups under the Industrial Health and Safety Act. Rubella antibody testing uptake was relatively high (approximately 15%) in all three age groups soon after the distribution of the vouchers and then declined to below 2% during the second and third years. Further population-based approaches with continuous public engagement are required in workplaces to effectively promote and expand the rubella vaccination program in Japan.

Cultural Adaptation of the Actionable Health App Evaluation in Japan: Protocol for a Web-Based Modified Delphi Expert Consensus Study

Background With an increase in both the number of mental health disorders people are experiencing and the difficulty in accessing mental health care, the demand for accessible mental health care services has increased. The use of mobile devices has allowed people to receive care in their daily lives without restrictions on time or location. However, the majority of publicly available mobile health apps are not evidence-based, and the top-rated apps are not always safe or user-friendly and may not offer clinically beneficial results. Objective This study aims to create a cultural adaptation of the American Psychiatric Association’s comprehensive app evaluation framework in Japan using a web-based modified Delphi expert consensus. Methods A web-based modified Delphi study includes developing the Japanese version of the comprehensive app evaluation framework and 3 Delphi rounds. In the first round, our working group sends a questionnaire to the panelists, who then complete it. In the second and third rounds, the working group sends a questionnaire and a summary of the panelists’ answers based on each of the previous rounds. The panelists answer the questionnaires based on this summary. The summarization procedure is automated to help reduce the biases that can be generated when panelists’ answers are summarized and when the panelists receive them. The working group sends only the result of the summarization with the next round’s questionnaire. All interactions between the working group and the panelists will be conducted on Qualtrics (Qualtrics Japan LLC), a questionnaire platform. To culturally validate the comprehensive mental health app evaluation framework, participants from the following three categories will be recruited in Japan: (1) researchers, (2) practitioners, and (3) app developers. Results This study received funding from a crowdfunding campaign in Japan (April 2023). The Delphi study began in January 2023 and will be completed in December 2023. We had already completed the translation of the 105 original app evaluation item questions by December 2022. Conclusions While the need for treatment using mental health apps is increasing, no framework that can be used to develop a centralized database for health apps is available or accessible, and no consensus has been reached among stakeholders in Japan about an appropriate framework. The results of the web-based modified Delphi method presented in this paper may provide direction for the development and use of mental health apps in the future among the relevant stakeholders. Furthermore, this study will enhance recognition of the framework among researchers, clinicians, mental health app developers, and users, in addition to devising new instruments to help users or practitioners efficiently choose the right app for their situations. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/44469

Mumps vaccine hesitancy: Current evidence and an evidence-based campaign in Japan

BackgroundMumps is still endemic in Japan because mumps vaccination is voluntary. In this study, we investigated associations of parental socioeconomic status, family structure, and knowledge/belief about mumps and mumps vaccine with parental decision to vaccinate their children. We also evaluated effectiveness of a campaign based on survey results. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey of parents with children aged 1–6 years attending preschools or kindergartens in Tokamachi City, Japan. We assessed the association of parental factors with their decision to vaccinate their children using multivariable logistic regression analyses. We designed a campaign based on the survey results, and compared the number of annual vaccinations at Tokamachi Hospital per the child population aged 1–6 years in Tokamachi City before and after the campaign using a trend test. ResultsIn total, 1391 of 1617 (86%) eligible parents completed the survey. Among these parents, 229 (16%) vaccinated their children. In multivariable analyses, higher parental education [odds ratio (OR) = 2.21; 95% CI, 1.59–3.08; P < 0.001], greater knowledge about mumps and the mumps vaccine (OR = 1.88; 95% CI, 1.60–2.21; P < 0.001), and living without grandparents (OR = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.05–1.99; P = 0.024) were significantly associated with parental decision to vaccinate their children. The number of annual vaccinations per the child population significantly increased following the campaign (P < 0.001). ConclusionOur study showed several sociodemographic factors significantly associated with mumps vaccination. Further research is needed to examine the relevance of our findings to the uptake of other voluntary vaccines among children.

Personal infection prevention behaviors and campaign to encourage travel during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study.

The Go To Travel campaign in Japan was launched to subsidize travel and accommodation costs for tourists through vouchers that could be used at domestic destinations. Infection prevention behavior can lead to refraining from travel owing to infection concerns; conversely, taking preventive action can promote travel. There is a lack of information about the association between infection prevention behaviors and desire to travel. During a pandemic of infection, there is the difficult challenge of balancing the promotion of infection prevention behavior with economic revitalization. Thus, we examined the relationship between personal infection prevention behaviors and using Go To Travel. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 26,637 workers who responded to a large-scale questionnaire survey about COVID-19 in Japan. We built multilevel logistic regression models adjusted for confounders to assess the association between each personal infection prevention behavior and using Go To Travel. We analyzed the seven infection prevention behavior individually: wearing a mask when among other people; disinfecting hands with alcohol before going indoors; washing hands after using the toilet; gargling upon returning home; opening a window to ventilate a room; carrying an alcohol sanitizer; and disinfecting hands after touching objects outside. Among the 26,637 participants, 7,959 (30%) used Go To Travel. For "wearing a mask in the presence of others" and "washing hands after using the toilet," the majority of respondents answered "almost always: 86.5 and 85.6% respectively. Action "carrying alcohol disinfectant" was the least implemented, with 36.9% of respondents saying "almost never." Two of the seven preventive behaviors ("disinfecting hands with alcohol before going indoors" and "carrying alcohol disinfectant") were positively related to using Go To Travel, that is, the more of these actions they took, the more they used Go To Travel (p for trend <0.001). To balance pandemic preparedness with economic preparedness, it is also necessary to promote travel when the infection situation is calm. However, since human mobility can be a factor that exacerbates the infection situation, it is necessary to promote more infection prevention behaviors among individuals. We confirmed that Go To Travel users were basically doing a good infection prevention behaviors, but they tended not to wash their hands after touching things or carry alcohol sanitizer. It is necessary to encourage these measures to be taken when traveling.

The Round-Table project in Kashiwa: a dialogue to reconcile consumers and farmers in the Tokyo suburbs after the Fukushima accident

This paper describes the practice of dialogue between various stakeholders at the Round-Table project in Kashiwa, a radiation hotspot in the Tokyo suburbs after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, where the author played a central role. Kashiwa is both a dormitory town and an important production area for some vegetables, but its residents coming from different regions of Japan and working in Tokyo are not particularly attached to the area, so the dialogue and stakeholder involvement in Kashiwa faced different difficulties than those in Fukushima Prefecture. In this context, after months of deliberate discussions, the Round-Table decided on independent standard value and a protocol for measuring individual farmer’s vegetables and farmland soil. As a result of this optimization process, the farmers who participated in the Round-Table became involved in radiation protection as an extension of their ordinary marketing activities. This paper examines the achievements and failures of the “Eat and Support” campaign in Japan, and discusses the significance of the marketing concept in radiation protection and the strategy of extending trust from a small circle of producers and customers, based on the experience of Kashiwa.

Antimelanoma Differentiation-Associated Gene 5 Antibody-Positive Interstitial Lung Disease After Vaccination With COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines.

Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) is a viral RNA sensor induced by SARS-CoV-2. Similarities have been reported between the clinical presentations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and anti-MDA5 antibody-positive interstitial lung disease (anti-MDA5-ILD). However, it is unknown whether COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are associated with anti-MDA5-ILD. We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with anti-MDA5-ILD admitted to our hospital between April 2017 and March 2022. In addition, we investigated the clinical presentations of patients who developed anti-MDA5-ILD after vaccination with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. We also examined the annual number of anti-MDA5-ILD cases before and after the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. Nine patients with anti-MDA5-ILD were seen during the study period, of whom 4 developed anti-MDA5-ILD between August and October 2021, approximately 6 to 12 weeks after vaccination with a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine and a few months after the rapid mRNA COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Japan. None of the 4 patients had evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The difference in the annual number of anti-MDA5-ILD cases before vs after the COVID-19 vaccination campaign (1.25 ± 0.96 cases/yr vs 4.0 cases/yr) was not statistically significant (P = 0.08). We encountered 4 cases of anti-MDA5-ILD after COVID-19 vaccination. Further large population studies are needed to clarify the relationship between anti-MDA5-ILD and vaccination with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines.

Effects of tourism promotion on COVID-19 spread: The case of the “Go To Travel” campaign in Japan

IntroductionOn July 22, 2020, the Japanese government launched the “Go to Travel” campaign that subsidizes 50% of personal travel expenditure to support the tourism industry under the COVID-19 pandemic. This policy was controversial from the viewpoint of infection spread and was temporarily cancelled in December 2020, though there was no statistical evidence. MethodsThis is the first study that measures the extent to which this campaign increased COVID-19 cases. This study regards the campaign as a natural experiment: although Tokyo and its commuting areas experienced the same time-series trends of COVID-19 cases before the “Go To Travel” campaign, this campaign was implemented in areas outside Tokyo, but not in Tokyo. Then, the comparison (difference-in-differences) yields the campaign's effect. ResultsThe estimation shows that the “Go To Travel” campaign significantly raised the increment rate of cases by 23.7%–34.4% during July 30—August 4. There is no significant effect after August 5. In addition, our simulation identified the number of campaign-related cases in each city. ConclusionsAlthough the campaign significantly spread COVID-19, the effect was not continuous to permanently change the time-series trend.

International Sports Diplomacy in Action – An Investigation of AUS+RALLY: An Australian Sports Diplomacy Campaign in Japan

As exercised by the recent Tokyo 2020 Olympics and 2020 Paralympics, both delayed until 2021 due to COVID-19 conditions, sports diplomacy is shifting, from emergence as a concept, toward empirical legitimacy. Extant literature has allowed scholars to clearly establish the factors constituting sports diplomacy, which has culminated in the sports diplomacy model proposed by Abdi and colleagues. This study examines the sports diplomacy model through a qualitative investigation of an operational Australian sports diplomacy campaign, AUS+RALLY, within the context of Japan. The evident conformity of the extant sports diplomacy model with the AUS+RALLY campaign represents an important step for sports diplomacy scholarship, and the case utilised provides critical insights into the conduct of sports diplomacy activities and suggests enhancements to the extant sports diplomacy model.

Assessing the impact of the national traffic safety campaign: a nationwide cohort study in Japan

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the difference in mortality from serious road traffic injuries during the National Traffic Safety Campaign compared with other periods and identify the common mechanisms of...

Interventions to Support Tourism and its Impact on Air Quality - A Case Study of the Go To Travel Campaign in Japan –

The effects of COVID-19 measures on the quantitative changes in atmospheric substances associated with economic activities have been explored in various studies. However, the specific relationship between the changes in economic activities due to government interventions and the associated changes in atmospheric substances remains unclear. This relationship needs to be understood in detail, especially in the tourism industry where conflicting responses are needed, such as promoting people flow and socioeconomic development while adopting measures to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Therefore, this study focused on the tourism industry in Japan, used Google Earth Engine to calculate the changes in five atmospheric substances before and during the government’s Go To Travel Campaign, which was implemented to support domestic travel, and analyzed the correlations with statistical data such as the number of travelers, use of buses, and taxis. As a result, a series of connected behaviors clarified the fact that socioeconomic activities affected by the government’s Go To Travel Campaign surfaced with the changes in the atmospheric substances. To further understand the relationship between interventions to promote tourism and air quality, additional datasets and approaches are needed, including data on the operation status of facilities and the behavioral characteristics of Japanese travelers.

Pushing resistance theory in IR beyond ‘opposition’: The constructive resistance of the #MeToo movement in Japan

AbstractThis article aims to specifically contribute to debates concerning dissent within the scholarship of International Relations (IR), through elaborating the constructive qualities of resistance. Composite and fruitful stories concerning resistance against power have flourished in studies of the ‘global’. Still, there has been a trend in IR to embrace resistance as a sense of opposition and it has been primarily described in terms of, ‘“counter”, “contradict”, “social change”, “reject”, “challenge”, ‘opposition”, “subversive”, and “damage and/or disrupt”’.1 This article adds to the literature on resistance's productive dimensions by drawing upon the case of the #MeToo campaign in Japan. The #MeToo movement in Japan should not only be viewed as a ‘non-cooperative’ form of resistance – that is, resistance that breaks norms, rules, laws, regulations and order, typically in public and in confrontative ways; rather, the #MeToo movement should be regarded as a ‘constructive’ form of resistance, which produced new resistance figures, movements, narratives as well as established new expressions of resistance. It may be perceived as a contagious form of resistance, which operated through reiterations, doublings, and re-experiences. The campaign provides a significant example of how discourses move transnationally through the force of repetition.

Comparative Conservation Strategy Efficacy for Grus japonensis and Grus americana: A Post-Policy Implementation Assessment

Southeastern Texas/northern Alberta and northeastern Japan are homes to populations of two extremely similar species of cranes with similar conservation histories. The whooping crane of North America, specifically the Aransas–Wood Buffalo (AWB) migratory flock, and the red-crowned crane of Hokkaido were both pushed to the brink of extinction with surviving populations numbering 21 and 33 individuals, respectively, in 1952. Both species have been subjects of focused rehabilitation efforts led by national governments. While both governments relied on a variety of conservation methods throughout their programs’ histories, the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (FWS) focuses mainly on habitat management, while in Japan the Ministry of the Environment (MoE) and its predecessors lean most heavily on a direct population management strategy via a long-standing winter artificial feeding program. The recovery histories of these two similar species provide a unique opportunity for comparing and contrasting the relative efficacy of two primary endangered species management approaches: habitat management versus direct population management through artificial feeding. An initial review of these two case studies reveals indications that artificial feeding in periods of lean food availability resulted in much faster overall population recovery in Japan, with the red-crowned crane population expanding at a rate approximately 11% to 26% faster than the AWB whooping crane population over a 68-year period reviewed in this study. Today Japan’s red-crowned crane population is more than triple the size of North America’s AWB whooping crane population: 1,900 red-crowned cranes by 2020 according to the Red-Crowned Crane Conservancy (RCCC), versus 506 AWB whooping cranes as of 2019 per FWS. These results suggest Japanese conservationists may have uncovered a method for ensuring faster population recovery in an endangered species: sustained long-term artificial feeding during times of least forage availability. Further lessons can be drawn from how these two species respond to changes currently underway in both programs. Much remains unknown. Additional research is necessary to eliminate other variables that could explain these population growth outcomes. But an early post-policy implementation assessment points to the artificial feeding campaign in Japan as the reason for the differences in historical population recovery.

Changes in Numbers of COVID-19 Cases among Residents of Tourist Resort Areas before and during the "Go To Travel" Campaign: Descriptive Epidemiology in Gunma Prefecture.

The "Go To Travel" campaign in Japan, which encouraged people to travel throughout the country, was implemented in July 2020 to revitalize economic activity that was sluggish due to COVID-19. Although the risk of the spread of infection has been reported for tourists crossing prefectural borders, the spread of infection among residents living in tourist areas is unclear. The present study evaluated the number of COVID-19 cases among residents of tourist resort areas in Gunma Prefecture using a descriptive epidemiological method. Data regarding infected individuals were obtained from public data available on the prefecture's official homepage. Evaluation of epidemic curves showed that the number of cases increased slightly after the start of the campaign, with numbers affected by the occurrence of clusters. Toward the end of 2020, the number of cases increased in both resort and non-resort areas, although the increase was smaller in resort areas. Thus, the increased transmission of cases during the campaign suggested a need to take additional preventive measures, more-so for tourists than for resort area residents.

Oral health for healthy aging

During the 74th World Health Assembly, a resolution was passed aiming to achieve better oral health as part of universal health coverage, with plans to draft a global strategy and action plan. Oral diseases are a significant problem globally, with implications for older people’s health and quality of life. Oral health is important for healthy aging. Integration of oral health into primary care settings and use of a life-course approach have been shown to be effective in the 8020 campaign in Japan. Accurate data on prevalence of oral disease is required to monitor effectiveness of public health approaches, which should be segregated based on setting, sociodemographic status, and comorbidities. These public health approaches should also be adapted and tailored for implementation during the current COVID-19 pandemic. These considerations are essential to progress the agenda of oral health for healthy aging.

Individual and contextual determinants of adoption of online media services in the 2017 lower house election campaign in Japan

• Candidates adopted online media services in a consistent order (range: easy-difficult to operate); • MCA and Mokken analysis are useful scaling techniques to measure adoption of technology; • Individual and contextual characteristics both explain adoption of online media services; • Candidates on the PR list adopted more online media services than those in districts; • Incumbent candidates adopted more online media than new and former candidates; • Younger candidates adopt more online media for campaigning than older candidates. • In densely populated areas, candidates adopted more online media services for campaigning.

Tradition vs. Pop Culture: Attracting Tourists with the Cool Japan Campaign

In 2008 the Japanese government set a goal of attracting 20 million foreign tourists by the Olympics in 2020. The country managed to achieve that goal by last year and has since revised their goal to 40 million tourists by 2020. A big part of the drive to increase tourist numbers has been the government led Cool Japan campaign. Attracting foreign tourists remains one of the mainstays of the Cool Japan campaign, as can be seen in the tourist-focused events and advertising witnessed overseas. One of the key aspects of the Cool Japan campaign has been to promote creative cultural industries, in particular businesses associated with anime, manga and gaming. This can be seen in such promotional activities as the closing ceremony for the Rio Olympics and the appointment of anime characters such as Doraemon, Atom Boy and Sailor Moon as ambassadors for Japan. However, the campaign has been accused of lacking focus as it tries to simultaneously promote aspects of both traditional and modern Japanese culture. This can be seen in the Japan National Tourism Organisation’s promotional campaigns featuring more traditional aspects of Japanese culture such as temples and festivals. In addition, there have been accusations that the Cool Japan campaign has done little to understand what foreign visitors are actually interested in and how best to promote the country. This paper investigates the success of the Cool Japan campaign and looks at the extent to which this fractured focus is actually attracting tourists. The research draws on data collected in Japan with those experiencing Japan as part of their vacation and interviews with tourists. The focus of this paper is on how the Cool Japan campaign influences potential tourists, and how effective the use of anime characters to promote Japan actually is.

Repercussion effects of consumption by Chinese, Taiwanese, and Korean tourists in Kyoto: using a regional waste input\u2013output approach

Since the 2003 launch of the Visit Japan Campaign by Tourism Agency, the number of foreign visitors to this nation has climbed significantly, reaching 19.7 million people in 2015, a number 3.8 higher than 2003. The increase in tourists from China, Taiwan, and Korea was especially significant, accounting for 74% of Japan’s total visitors. Although the increased tourism yielded considerable economic benefits, it also stimulated direct and indirect environmental loads. In this study, we evaluated the direct and repercussion effects of visitors from China, Taiwan, and Korea to Kyoto, both economically and environmentally, using a regional waste input–output approach. For this purpose, we first estimated the direct effects which are the visitors’ consumption activities in Kyoto in 2000 and 2014. We found that direct consumption by those tourists increased 10-fold during that period, accounting for ¥134 billion in 2014, while repercussion effects of consumption on production values by those same visitors increased from ¥16 billion in 2000 to ¥176 billion in 2014. As for waste generation and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, induced waste requiring treatment increased from 2809 (2000) to 26,856 tonnes (2014), and accompanying GHG emissions increased from 12,000 ton-CO2 (eq.) (2000) to about 144,000 ton-CO2 (eq.) in 2014. To depress the level of waste generation increase and the treatment that accompanies the promotion of tourism, environmental efficiency improvements in the two main industrial sectors related to tourism, “eating and drinking locations” and “lodging,” will be crucial. Additionally, encouraging “food waste,” “waste paper,” and “plastic bag” recycling activities could also prove effective. The results implied that imported goods from other parts of Japan were purchased by Kyoto visitors, which means that visitor consumption in Kyoto stimulated production activities in other parts of Japan, especially in the manufacturing industries.

Japón imaginado. El imaginario manganime y la peregrinación mediática en el marco de la estrategia «Cool Japan

In the last decades, the words manga and anime have become part of our everyday language, no longer requiring further clarifications. Meanwhile, in recent years, a worldwide phenomenon has intensified: film locations from famous fiction TV dramas and blockbusters have become touristic hotspots. Manga and anime are not oblivious to this boom. The depiction of rich and detailed world-settings is one of the foundations of manga and anime, coded within their DNA. A well-built world-setting enables the connection between the reader/spectator and the story being told (Kelts, 2006). On top of that, the fact that Japan is indeed a real place beyond manga and anime’s fictional locations provides a new level of meaning to the stories in both media. Over the last years, the Japanese government, as well as regional and local councils, have begun to benefit from the touristic potential of manga and anime under the umbrella of “Cool Japan”, the national branding campaign addressed by the government in the early 21st century. This paper will address how this phenomenon develops within the Cool Japan campaign.

Departure and Repatriation as Cold War Dissensus: Domestic Ethnography in Korean Documentary

Abstract This article examines autobiographic documentaries about families that expose “dissensus” in the mapping of transborder migration and diasporic desire that were the results of the Cold War in North Korea, South Korea, and Japan. Jae-hee Hong (dir. My Father’s Emails) and Yong-hi Yang (dir. Dear Pyongyang and Goodbye Pyongyang) document the ongoing Cold War in their fathers’ histories through their position as a “familial other,” who embodies both dissensus and intimacy. Hong reveals that anticommunism in South Korean postwar nation building reverberated in the private realm. Yang documents her Zainichi father, who sent his sons to North Korea during the Repatriation Campaign in Japan. The anticommunist father in South Korea (Hong’s) and the communist father in Japan (Yang’s) engendered family migration with contrasting motivations, departure from and return to North Korea, respectively. Juxtaposing these two opposite ideologies in family histories, as well as juxtaposing the filmmakers’ dissonance with the given ideologies in domestic space, provide the aesthetic form for “dissensus.” The politics of aesthetics in domestic ethnography manifests in that the self and the Other are inextricably interlocked because of the reciprocity of the filmmaker and the communist or anticommunist subject.

The impact of carperitide usage on the cost of hospitalization and outcome in patients with acute heart failure: High value care vs. low value care campaign in Japan

BackgroundThe usefulness of carperitide in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) has not been confirmed; carperitide is expensive, and thus, its routine use has not been shown to add much value in clinical settings. We analyzed the impact of carperitide usage on the outcome and cost of hospitalization in AHF patients. MethodsData obtained from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) database from July 2014 until June 2015 from 371 hospitals were analyzed. Emergent patients with acute heart failure (ICD code I50* and DPC code 050130) who did not undergo any surgical procedures were enrolled. We compared the outcomes and cost between the carperitide group and non-carperitide group using propensity score matched analysis. ResultsIn 37,891 heart failure patients (52.2% male; 79.2±11.9years), 13,421 pairs were selected according to the propensity score matching. In-hospital death occurred more frequently in the carperitide group (n=997; 7.4%) than in the non-carperitide group (n=844; 6.3%; p<0.01). Carperitide use was also related with higher costs of hospitalizations, and total dose of carperitide administered during hospitalization decreased with the increasing case volume (p<0.01). On the other hand, carperitide usage was frequently recognized in hospitals with larger annual case volumes (32.1%, Q1; 37.3%, Q2; 40.7%, Q3, p-value<0.01). ConclusionsCarperitide usage negatively affected patient outcomes and cost of hospitalization. In hospitals with lower annual case volume, clinicians should pay attention to the total dose and duration of carperitide. On the other hand, in hospitals with larger annual case volumes, clinicians should pay attention to the thresholds/indications to prescribe carperitide in AHF patients.