Cameriere's Method Research Articles

Assessing the accuracy of Cameriere\u2019s Indian-specific formula for age estimation on right and left sides of orthopantomogram

BackgroundAge estimation is of prime importance in forensic science and clinical dentistry. In children, age estimation can be done by skeletal maturity indicators like hand-wrist radiographs and dental age estimation. Skeletal maturity indicators compared with dental age estimation is limited as they are influenced by various environmental parameters, whereas calcification of teeth depends on genes rather than environmental factors. Many of the dental age estimation methods use extracted teeth, which are quite invasive, whereas Cameriere’s method is a recently introduced radiographic method first in European population; where in age estimation is done using open apices of teeth by orthopantomogram (OPG). Indian-specific formula was introduced later using permanent mandibular teeth on left side of jaw. The present study aimed to estimate the age and also to determine the accuracy of Cameriere’s method using Indian-specific formula on both right and left sides of mandible in Khammam population of South India and also to determine the side which can be efficient in determining age.MethodologyThe present study comprised radiographs of 50 subjects (25 boys and 25 girls) ranging from 5 to 15 years. The soft copies of the radiographs of selected subjects were retrieved from the computer attached to the digital orthopantomogram machine (Orthophos XG5; Sirona Dental Systems). The 7 left and right permanent mandibular teeth were assessed in OPGs. The number of teeth with closed apical and with open apical ends of roots was examined and measured. The values were tabulated based on the Cameriere method of age estimation using Indian-specific formula. Statistical analysis was done using paired t test and Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient test.ResultsComparison of dental age with chronological age in males showed non-significant results on both left and right sides of the OPG with a p value of 0.3765 and 0.3045, respectively. Likewise in females, p values of 0.2167 and 0.8089 were noted. When males and females were compared, non-significant results were obtained with a p value of 0.1613 in the age estimated on the left side of the OPG and a p value of 0.4322 on the right side of the OPG. Correlation test showed that left side of the OPG showed better results in determining age than the right side of the OPG with an r value of 0.9982 and 0.9485 in males and females, respectively.ConclusionCameriere’s method of age estimation using Indian-specific formula proves to be an accurate and a reliable method which can be used to assess the chronological age of individuals. There is also a good correlation found between the chronological age and dental age of younger age group individuals.

Age Estimation in Mixed-dentition Children, Using Cameriere's European Formula and Demirjian's Method: A Comparative Pilot Study

The objective of the present investigation is to compare the accuracy of two methods of age estimation, Cameriere's European formula and Demirjian's method, in estimating the age of mixed-dentition children in Telangana. Digital orthopantomographs (OPGs) of 36 children between the age of 7 years and 12 years were subject to analysis. All the OPGs were analyzed for dental age using both Cameriere's and Demirjian's methods for mixed dentition. Chronological age was calculated by subtracting the date of births from the date on which the OPGs were taken. descriptive analysis was performed. The accuracies of both the methods (Cameriere's and Demirjian's) were evaluated by calculating the mean prediction error. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed for both methods of dental age estimation with chronological age and for boys and girls. Significance threshold was set at 5%. Cameriere method resulted in a mean prediction error of 0.579 for girls and 0.483 for boys. Demirjian's method resulted in a mean prediction error of 2.228 for girls and 2.046 for boys. In conclusion, as far as accuracy is concerned, Cameriere's European formula proved to be more accurate, according to the current investigation. The significance of age estimation is reflected in various fields such as pediatric endocrinology, orthodontics, law, anthropology, archeology, and forensics where identification of unascertained human bodies is required (crime investigations, mass disasters). Demirjian's method is commonly employed for dental age estimation in pediatric dentistry, orthodontics, and forensic dentistry. Cameriere's method may serve as a more accurate and reliable method for dental age estimation. Key message: Cameriere's European formula proved to be better, in terms of accuracy, in determining the chronological age of mixed-dentition children in the region of Telangana, according to the current investigation.

Age estimation in Brazilian adults by Kvaal's and Cameriere's methods.

The aim of this study was to verify the precision and applicability of two methods of age estimation, Kvaal's and Cameriere's methods, among Brazilian adults. A sample composed of periapical radiographs of canine teeth belonging to 320 Brazilian adults was analyzed, divided into groups according to sex (male and female) and age group (20-29 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years and 50-59 years). Kvaal's method presented better results when compared to the results of Cameriere's method in the general evaluation of each canine tooth, except for the upper left canine (tooth 23), which presented a mean error (ME) with no statistically significant difference between the methods (Kvaal: ME = 7.43, p = 0.4991, Cameriere: ME = 7.55, p = 0.6982). In the evaluation by age groups, Kvaal's method presented a lower variation between the real age and estimated age when applied to the age groups of 20-29 years and 30-39 years compared to the results provided by Cameriere's method. With respect to the groups aged 40 to 49 years and 50 to 59 years, Cameriere's method presented better performance than the results provided by Kvaal's method. The methods of estimating age proposed by Kvaal and Cameriere are simple and nondestructive and have demonstrated reproducibility and reliability. The Kvaal method was more accurate for the age groups of 20-29 and 30-39 years, and for those over 40 years, the Cameriere method was the most accurate.

DETERMINATION OF DENTAL AGE OF 10-13 YEAR-OLD CHILDREN OF THE CARPATHIAN REGION OF UKRAINE BY THE CAMERIERE METHOD IN COMPARISON WITH THEIR CHRONOLOGICAL AGE

Purpose: to evaluate the chronological and dental age of children in Lviv and the Lviv region aged 10-13 years with the help of the modified formula Cameriere. 
 Methods. Оrthopantomograms 46 children (26 boys and 20 girls) aged 10-13 years from Lviv and Lviv region have been used for this study. A questionnaire was developed for the submission of individual patient data and a standardized format for making their indicators derived from orthopantomograms (OPG). The examination of the area of the lower seven teeth on the left was done using the Cameriere method and the age of the child was evaluated, which was further compared with the chronological age. 
 Results.The obtained results of the study showed a high accuracy and reliability of the estimation of dental age in children up to 10-13 years with the help of the Cameriere formula modified by us. The research is based on the detection of physiological changes (the rate of formation of the roots) in the permanent teeth of children using the X-ray method. Evaluating the results obtained by two methods, among girls and boys of the selected age group, a statistically significant strong correlation between the chronological age and the age calculated by the Cameriere method was revealed. Cameriere research has been carried out in many countries around the world and, in particular, in European countries, by implementing the general formula.
 Children in the period of occlusive bite remain the most critical in terms of age and, therefore, the determination of the correct time for dental interventions. In this age group, the development of permanent teeth passes through different stages and depends on many factors of the environment, genetic, geographical and food factors. The process of teething also affects many local factors, such as space and space for a permanent tooth in the dental artery and the loss of temporary precursors. Even with a large number of factors affecting the eruption and formation of permanent teeth in children, this method showed high accuracy and independence.
 In order to assess the Cameriere method among the children under study and its further practical application, a comparison was made between the age obtained using this methodology and the chronological age of the children under study in different age groups, both among boys and girls.
 Analyzing the obtained data, it was found that the mean of chronological age among the studied boys aged 10-11 (n = 14) was 11.02 ± 0.59 years, and the Cameriere method was 10.63 ± 1.03 years. Student's assessment did not reveal a significant difference between the data (p = 0.22) for the age group of 10-11 years. Further analysis among the studied boys revealed that in the age group 12-13 years the average chronological age was 12.94 ± 0.49 years, and the age was determined by the Cameriere method 12.59 ± 0.63 years, and no significant difference was established between them (p = 0.14).
 The results of the studies have shown the suitability of the Cameriere formula modified during the process, based on the assessment of open tops and the number of teeth with completed root formation as a marker for the physiological development of the child and one that can be used to determine the child's age.Since studies had a limited age range on a particular sample of dental patients, further studies should evaluate the utility of this method in a larger sample of children in the extended age range of the given region of Ukraine and, if possible, adjust the formula we modified for the stability of the averaged indicators in different samples by age and sex.

Application of Demirjian's and Cameriere's Method in Dental Age Estimation of 8-16 Year Old Adolescents from Hunan Han Nationality.

Objective To apply Demirjian's and Cameriere's method for dental age estimation of adolescents from Hunan Han nationality, and compare the accuracy of the two methods. Methods A total of 480 orthopantomograms of?8-16 year?old adolescents from Hunan Han nationality?with no special diseases and good nutritional status were collected?by Xiangya Stomatological Hospital of Central South University from January, 2016 to July, 2017, among them 236 males and 244 females. The dental age of each adolescent was determined by Demirjian's method and Cameriere's method, respectively, and the paired t-test of the estimated dental age and the chronological age determined by the two methods was conducted by SPSS 20.0 software to compare the difference between estimated dental age and chronological age. Results Mean chronological age of males and females was 11.91 and 11.88 years, respectively. The estimated dental age determined by Demirjian's method showed an underestimate of chronological age by an average of 0.11 years （males） and 0.15 years （females）, while the estimated dental age determined by Cameriere's method showed an underestimate of chronological age by an average of 0.83 years （males） and 0.72 years （females）. Conclusion Demirjian's method is more accurate than Cameriere's method in dental age estimation of adolescents from Hunan Han nationality, therefore more suitable for dental age estimation of adolescents in this region.

A comparison of the accuracy of Willems’ and Cameriere’s methods based on panoramic radiography

Tooth development evaluation is majorly the current approach to identify age and maturity. Dental age (DA) is therefore considerably emphasized in forensic and pediatric dentistry. The aim of this study was to assess the applicability of Willems and Cameriere methods for Turkish children. Panoramic images of 636 Turkish healthy children (319 male; 317 female) aged between 6 and 15 years were assessed. DA of the subjects was determined by using Willems and Cameriere methods. The seven right and left permanent lower teeth were valued using these two methods. The mean chronological age (CA) of the subjects was 11.53±2.25 (min:6, max:14.99) years (boys: 11.29±2.34 years, girls: 11.77±2.15 years). Willems method overestimated the CA (p≤0.001), in contrast, Cameriere method underestimated the CA (p≤0.001) for both sexes. In different age groups the mean difference between the CA and DA calculated by Cameriere method (CADA) ranged from 0.86 to −0.41 years for boys and from 1.00 to −0.21 years for girls, while the mean difference between the CA and DA calculated by Willems method ranged from −0.26 to −0.71 years for boys and from 0.19 to −0.76 years for girls. Cameriere method provided a better percentage of accuracy (84.6% and 77.3% for males and females, respectively) in the absolute difference values within 1 year compared to Willems method. Cameriere method performed slightly better but, both methods may be used for DA estimation in the Turkish population.

Age estimation by measurement of open apices in tooth roots: Study using Saudi Arabian samples

The aim of this study was to verify Cameriere's regression formula to predict chronologic age in Saudi Population and if proven to be inaccurate, develop a new algorithm specific for Saudi children. A total of 788 Orthopantamographs(495 boys and 293 girls) were analyzed. The tooth measurement parameters were: number of teeth with closed apex (N0), open apex width (a), crown length (l), A/L ratio for each tooth (x1to x7) and summation of all open apex width (s). The radiographic measurements were substituted in the formula:Age = 8.971 + 0.375g + 1.631 x5 + 0.674 N0 – 1.034s–0.176s * N0The mean dental age assessed by Cameriere's method was significantly lower than chronologic age in Saudi population and with both genders and total study population (p < 0.05). A stepwise linear regression showed all parameters gender, N0, x1 to x7 except x2significantly associated with age (R2 = 0.6334, F (6,779) = 168.28, p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between predicted and actual chronologic age for 788 children using regression equation for Saudi population (p = 1). Cameriere's formula verified in Saudi children was found to underestimate the chronologic age in both genders. A prediction formula based on Cameriere's method specific to Saudi children has been developed for estimating chronologic age. The new regression formula developed will be more accurate for age assessment in Saudi children.

Порівняльна оцінка зубного віку, визначеного за методом Cameriere, і календарного віку 6–7-річних дітей Прикарпатського регіону України

Порівняльна оцінка зубного віку, визначеного за методом Cameriere, і календарного віку 6–7-річних дітей Прикарпатського регіону України

Applicability of Cameriere European formula for age estimation of 10-15 years legal threshold in South Indian population.

Aim:The aim of the present study is to assess the relationship between chronological age (CA) and the measurement of the open apices in teeth and also assess the accuracy of Cameriere methods on dental age (DA) estimation in the South Indian population.Subjects and Methods:A sample of 200 orthopantomographs of children aged between 10 and 15 years were collected. The seven left permanent mandibular teeth were evaluated with Cameriere method.Results:Regression analysis was carried out which derived the following linear regression formula: Age = 14.117 − 0.01 g − 1.732W3 + 0.016N0 − 0.289 × 5 − 0.099.s. N0. The equation explained 88.3% (R2 = 0.883) of the total deviance. The accuracy of the European formula and South Indian formula was determined by the difference between the estimated DA and CA. Cameriere formula produced 32% and 18% of absolute residuals falls within the range of ± 1 and ± 0.5 years, whereas the new regression formula produced 72% and 35% within range of ± 1 and ± 0.5 years.Conclusion:This further highlight the importance of population-specific formula keeping in mind about variation in dental maturation across different regions.

Comparative analyses of three radiographic dental age estimation methods amongst Nigerians

Background: Age estimation is a critical step in constructing biological profiles from human skeletal remains. This study aimed to compare three radiographic methods of age estimation with tested validity in different populations for accuracy and applicability in forensic investigations amongst Nigerians.Methods: This was a retrospective study of panoramic radiographs (Planmeca Romexis®) captured from 46 young Nigerian patients between ages 6 to 21 years in a Federal Tertiary Health Institution in Southwest Nigeria between July and December, 2017. Parameters on the panoramic radiographs were measured and scored based on Demirjian, Cameriere and Kvaal radiographic dental age estimation methods. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20 at p 0.5). Demirjian method was found to be strongly correlated with chronological age (rs = 0.763); Cameriere method moderately correlated (rs = 0.684) and Kvaal method weakly correlated (rs = 0.476). Demirjian method showed the strongest direct relationship (R² = 0.56) followed by Cameriere (R² = 0.44) and Kvaal method (R² = 0.22). Demirjian system was the only significant predictor of the chronological age of Nigerian subjects using multiple linear regression.Keyword: Age estimation, Demirjian, Kvaal, Cameriere, Nigeria

Validation of Cameriere's medical-legal age estimation method using seconds premolars in a Portuguese population

The goal of this project is to validate the Cameriere's method applied to the upper and lower second premolars in a Portuguese population, regarding the forensic estimate of age.The applied sample consisted in 100 panoramic radiographs, of 60 males and 40 females, patients of the Faculty of Dental Medicine of the University of Lisbon, whose ages vary between 15 and 35 years old. Thus, a total of 400 teeth were investigated (200 upper second premolars and 200 lower second premolars). Each radiograph was analysed using draw and measurement tools featured in Adobe Photoshop, applying the Cameriere's method, and then the pulp/tooth ratio was computed for the 15, 25, 35 and 45 teeth. All data were statistically analysed with the SPSS program, using a significant level of 5%.It was not observed any kind of relation, linear or not linear, between age and the pulp/tooth ratio. Linear regressions with considerably low values for the coefficient of determination were achieved, which indicates a low reliability for these models.Accordingly, we conclude that the knowledge of the pulp/tooth ratio does not allow the identification of an individual based on the Cameriere's method, in the scope of a forensic age estimate applied to panoramic radiograph. Further investigations with larger samples and broader age groups are required in order to provide suitable evidence to the legal and social aspects of age estimate in Forensic Dentistry.

Age estimation: Cameriere's open apices methodology accuracy on a southeast Brazilian sample

Age estimation plays an important role in clinical and forensic dentistry. Cameriere's 2007 open apices method for age estimation was applied in a sample of 612 digital panoramic orthopantomographs from Brazilian subadult individuals of known age and sex. The sample was composed of 290 males and 322 females individuals aged between four and 16 years of age from São Paulo metropolitan area who had undertaken radiographs for clinical purposes. Participant's ethnicity data was not available. An open code computer-aided drafting software (ImageJ) was used to measure the variables according to the author's published guidelines. Subjects' age was firstly estimated under the application of the European formula (2007) showing under-estimation (−1.24yr). On the other hand, the linear regression analysis modeled for this specific population was able to explain 91.2% of the chronological age variation with a standard error of 0.91yr. Residual analyses confirmed independent errors and a normal distribution. In conclusion, the present results support Cameriere's method for age estimation in Brazilian subadults to be a reliable method, although correlations may vary between specific groups and, hence, specific formulae may be useful for an accurate prediction.

Comparative analysis of kvaal's and cameriere's methods for dental age estimation: A panoramic radiographic study

Background and Aim: Age estimation is one of the indicators employed to identify an individual in forensic sciences. Teeth are frequently used as they can be preserved for long time even after many of the tissues have disintegrated. The radiological techniques of age estimation such as Kvaal's and Cameriere's are simple, noninvasive, and reproducible. These are less time-consuming and do not necessitate extraction. Hence, a study was conducted to evaluate and compare the accuracy of Kvaal's and Cameriere's methods for dental age estimation using panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: Panoramic radiographs of 120 patients within the age group of 20–60 years, reporting to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology over a period of 3 years were selected from the archives of database based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Radiographs of patients were divided according to age into four groups with an interval of 10 years, each group comprising of 30 individuals (15 males and 15 females). The mandibular cuspid, first bicuspid, and second bicuspid on either left or right side were selected for analysis as these teeth are not likely to undergo wear and tear. The required measurements were performed using Adobe Photoshop CS5 for both the methods. Results and Conclusion: The data were subjected to Pearson's correlation analysis, Stepwise linear regression analysis, Student's unpaired t-test, ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc analysis. Kvaal's method was found to be ideal compared to Cameriere's method to predict age. The best tooth to be considered for predicting age using Kvaal's method was found to be tooth number 34.

Accuracy of the demirjian, willems and cameriere methods of estimating dental age on turkish children.

Age estimation plays a significant role in forensic science, archeology, pediatric endocrinology and clinical dentistry. Tooth development is a reliable pathway for age estimation, especially in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the Demirjian method (DM), Willems method (WM) and Cameriere method (CM). This study included panaramic radiographs of 330 individuals (165 girls, 165 boys) aged between 5 and 15.90 years. The differences between chronological age (CA) and the estimated dental age (DA) were statistically tested using a paired sample t-test and the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The mean prediction error showed that; the DM overestimated the DA by 0.304 years, the WM underestimated the DA by -0.060 years and the CM underestimated the DA by -0.580 years. The difference between CA and estimated DA was not statistically significant according to WM (p = 0.074) and statistically significant according to DM and CM (p < 0.001). In conclusion, this study indicated that WM determines DA satisfactorily in a Turkish subpopulation.

Applicability of Cameriere's and Drusini's age estimation methods to a sample of Turkish adults.

The aim of this study was to investigate the applicability of Drusini's and Cameriere's methods to a sample of Turkish people. Panoramic images of 200 individuals were allocated into two groups as study and test groups and examined by two observers. Tooth coronal indexes (TCI), which is the ratio between coronal pulp cavity height and crown height, were calculated in the mandibular first and second premolars and molars. Pulp/tooth area ratios (ARs) were calculated in the maxillary and mandibular canine teeth. Study group measurements were used to derive a regression model. Test group measurements were used to evaluate the accuracy of the regression model. Pearson's correlation coefficients and regression analysis were used. The correlations between TCIs and age were -0.230, -0.301, -0.344 and -0.257 for mandibular first premolar, second premolar, first molar and second molar, respectively. Those for the maxillary canine (MX) and mandibular canine (MN) ARs were -0.716 and -0.514, respectively. The MX ARs were used to build the linear regression model that explained 51.2% of the total variation, with a standard error of 9.23 years. The mean error of the estimates in test group was 8 years and age of 64% of the individuals were estimated with an error of <±10 years which is acceptable in forensic age prediction. The low correlation coefficients between age and TCI indicate that Drusini's method was not applicable to the estimation of age in a Turkish population. Using Cameriere's method, we derived a regression model.

Applicability of Demirjian’s Method and Modified Cameriere’s Methods for Dental Age Assessment in Children

Tooth development is extensively used for age estimation as a part of forensic science. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of Demirjian's, Cameriere's and modified Cameriere's population-specific regression equation methods in the dental age estimation of West Godavari children. The study included orthopantomograms (OPG) of 60 children of West Godavari district with age group between 9 to 14 years on whom all the three methods were used for age estimation. The OPG were traced with the help of a tracing paper and lead pencil and the appropriate dimensions were measured. Age estimation was done based on canine calcification stage as per Demirjian's method and measurements of the seven permanent left mandibular teeth using Cameriere's formula and modified population-specific regression equation obtained for the South Indian population from Cameriere's formula. The resultant data were subjected to statistical analysis by student's paired t-test. The estimated age was closer to the chronological age when the modified Cameriere's population-specific regression equation was used (p=0.68); whereas, the difference was more in Demirjian's method (p=0.008) followed by Cameriere's method (p<0.001). The method using modified Cameriere's population-specific regression equation exhibited a least significant difference in chronological and dental age assessment in children of West Godavari district as compared to the other two methods.

Validation of Kvaal's and Cameriere's methods of age estimation in people of Marathwada origin

Context: Aging, in forensic context, is necessary both for the dead and the living. Kvaal et al. introduced a method of age estimation by indirectly measuring secondary dentin deposition on radiographs. Cameriere et al., later, put forth a method based on radiographic estimation of pulp/tooth area ratio (AR) in specific teeth of the dentition. Aim: The purpose of the present study was to assess the validity of Kvaal's and Cameriere's methods of age estimation in a specific populace of Marathwada origin. Materials and Methods: A total number of 110 patients aged between 15 and 75 years were selected and the variables P = complete pulp length/root length (from enamel-cementum junction [ECJ]-root apex), r = complete pulp length/complete tooth length, a = complete pulp length/root width at ECJ level, b = pulp/root width at midpoint level between ECJ level and mid-root level, and c = pulp/root width at mid-root level; and pulp/tooth AR were recorded as devised in Kvaal's and Cameriere's methods of age estimation, respectively. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS (version 10.5) package. Mean comparison of morphological variables was carried out using Student's t-test. Intra- and inter-observer reproducibility of measurements was studied using the concordance correlation coefficient. Results: Of all the morphological variables, variables P, r, mean (M), length (L), and pulp/tooth AR of Kvaal's and Cameriere's methods correlated significantly with age with variable P correlating the best among them. Conclusion: Variables associated with width ratios rather than length ratios of Kvaal's and Cameriere's methods correlated best with chronological age in the populace of Marathwada origin.

Assessment of Reliability of Width and Length Variables in Kvaal's and Cameriere's Methods of Age Estimation

Context: Comparison between antemortem and postmortem dental records and radiographs produce results with a high degree of reliability and relative simplicity. Kvaal et al. introduced an age estimation method by indirectly measuring secondary dentin deposition on radiographs. Cameriere et al., later, put forth a method based on the radiographic estimation of pulp/tooth area ratio (AR) in canines. The purpose of the present study was to assess the validity and reliability of the various width and length variables in Kvaal's and Cameriere's methods of age estimation in a specific populace of Central India origin. Materials and Methods: A total of 110 patients aged between 15 and 75 years were selected, and the variables P = complete pulp length/root length (from enamel-cementum junction [ECJ] to root apex), r = complete pulp length/complete tooth length, a = complete pulp length/root width at ECJ level, b = pulp/root width at midpoint level between ECJ level and mid-root level, and c = pulp/root width at mid-root level, and pulp/tooth AR were recorded as devised in Kvaal's and Cameriere's methods of age estimation, respectively. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS (version 10.5) package. Mean comparison of morphological variables was carried out using Student's t-test. Intra- and inter-observer reproducibility of measurements was studied using the concordance correlation coefficient. Results: Of all the morphological variables, variables P = complete pulp length/root length (from ECJ to root apex), r = complete pulp length/complete tooth length, mean (M), length (L), and pulp/tooth AR correlated significantly with age with variable P = complete pulp length/root length (from ECJ to root apex) correlating the best among them. Conclusion: Variables associated with width ratios (a = complete pulp length/root width at ECJ level, b = pulp/root width at midpoint level between ECJ level and mid-root level, and c = pulp/root width at mid-root level) rather than length ratios (p = complete pulp length/root length (from ECJ to root apex) and r = complete pulp length/complete tooth length) correlated best with chronological age in the populace of Central India origin.

Dental Age in Orthodontic Patients with Different Skeletal Patterns

Objective. To evaluate the difference between chronological and dental age, calculated by Willems and Cameriere methods, in various skeletal patterns according to Steiner's ANB Classification. Methods. This retrospective cross-sectional study comprised the sample of 776 participants aged between 7 and 15 years (368 males and 408 females). For each participant, panoramic images (OPT) and laterolateral cephalograms (LC) were collected from the medical database. On LC ANB angle was measured; on OPT dental age (DA) was calculated while chronological age (CA) and sex were recorded. The sample was divided into three subgroups (Class I, Class II, and Class III) with similar distribution based on the chronological age and ANB angle. CA was calculated as the difference between the date of OPT imaging and the date of birth, while DA was evaluated using Willems and Cameriere methods. ANB angle was measured on LC by two independent investigators using the cephalometric software. Differences between sexes and the difference between dental and chronological age were tested by independent and paired samples t-test, respectively; one-way ANOVA was used to test differences among ANB classes with Tukey post hoc test to compare specific pairs of ANB classes. Results. The significant difference was found between Class III and other two skeletal classes in males using both dental age estimation methods. In Class III males dental age was ahead averagely by 0.41 years when using Willems method, while Cameriere method overestimated CA for 0.22 years. Conclusion. In males with Class III skeletal pattern, dental development is faster than in Classes I and II skeletal pattern. This faster development is not present in females.

Dental age assessment in 6- to 14-year old German children: comparison of Cameriere and Demirjian methods.

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to compare two frequently used dental age estimation methods for accuracy.MethodsA total of 479 panoramic radiographs in age groups 6–14 years from a German population were evaluated. The dental age of 268 boys and 211 girls was assessed by means of the method of Demirjian (1973) and Cameriere (2006) and compared with their actual chronological age.ResultsDemirjan’s method showed an overestimation of dental age compared to chronological age in all age groups for boys (mean difference −0.16, p = 0.010, range −0.35 to 0.09), age group 9 showed an underestimation. Using the same method for girls (mean difference −0.18, p = 0.008, range −0.45 to 0.13), an overestimation could also be shown in all age groups except for age groups 8 and 13. Results for Cameriere’s method showed for boys (mean difference 0.07, p = 0.314, range −1.38 to 3.83) in age groups 6 to 11 an overestimation, but in age groups 12 to14 an underestimation. The results for girls (mean difference 0.08, p = 0.480, range −1.55 to 4.51) showed an overestimation for age groups from 6 to 10, and an underestimation in age groups 11 to 14.ConclusionsThe comparison shows an advantage of Demirjian’s method for both genders. While Cameriere’s method showed a higher inaccuracy in all age groups, Demirjian’s method showed more appropriate results for dental age estimation of the investigated German population. To avoid errors in forensic age estimation and to prevent misidentifications for defendants in criminal processes, further studies of more precise methods for age estimation for the German population are required.