CAM Technology Research Articles

Improvement preclinical and clinical skills for dental preparations using assisted training software.

Digital workflow is currently available for different fields of dentistry. Additionally, to clinical use, digital technology is focused on the education and training of students. The objective of this study was to show the potential benefit of the use of digital CAD / CAM technology and assisted training software in the evaluation and improvement of student skills in preclinical and clinical environments. 30 models of dental preparations were digitalised and analysed by PrepCheck software, after that was used the PrepCheck Report tool, gathering the results of the analysis in an automatically created report and containing the following parameters: analysis of the conicity, distance between a preparation and the opposing jaw, analysis of the type of preparation, quality of the margin and total occlusal convergence. The use of the PrepCheck Pro 2.1 software makes evident the errors made by the students during the biomechanical preparation, since they generally change the inclination, in order to have less difficulties to comply with the parameters established in the preparations. Regarding the evaluated parameters for anterior and posterior fixed prosthesis) such as: 'Conicity', 'Type of preparation' and 'Distance to the antagonist', the preparations, in their majority, were classified within the tolerance range with of 50-60%, 80-93% and 53-67%, respectively. This pilot study demonstrated the benefits of using software and CAD/CAM technology in both preclinical and clinical environments for teaching and learning. Its use on preclinical environments allows the student observe qualitatively and quantitatively a preparation flaws when compared to a master's preparation. Lastly, the ease of visualising errors associated with magnification would allow students to improve their skills.

A Comparative Study to Evaluate the Marginal Fit and Fracture Resistance of Peek Material with two Other Restorative Crowns Fabricated Using Cad – Cam Technology – An In Vitro Study

Aim : To compare and evaluate the marginal fit and fracture resistance of PEEK material with two otherrestorative crowns namely – DMLS (metal-ceramic – cobalt-chromium) & All ceramicMaterials and methods: 35 artificial crownsn were fabricated. 20 samples were earmarked for evaluationof marginal fit using stereomicroscope and 15 samples were intended for fracture resistance. Materials usedfor fabrication of crowns were metal ceramic, all-ceramic, and PEEK materialsResults : There was no statistically significant difference between these materials (P > 0.05). than fractureresistances were compared.Conclusion : The marginal fit of all ceramic-zirconia crowns was higher than that of the PEEK and DMLSmetal-ceramic crowns and Fracture resistance of DMLS - metal-ceramic crowns was higher than the fractureresistance of the PEEK and all-ceramic- zirconia restorative crowns.

O uso do sistema CAD/CAM para confecção de próteses fixas: aplicações e limitações

O sistema CAD/CAM, sigla derivada do inglês Computer Aided Design / Computer Aided Manufacturing, é uma tecnologia baseada no desenho de uma estrutura protética em um computador seguida de sua confecção em uma máquina de fresagem. Tem como objetivo a simplificação na produção de estruturas protéticas, otimização do tempo de trabalho e a produção de estruturas com alto padrão de qualidade e estética. O emprego desta tecnologia consiste em três etapas: digitalização do preparo protético, planejamento virtual e produção da restauração. O preparo dentário pode ser digitalizado fora da cavidade oral, sobre o modelo de gesso, ou dentro da cavidade oral, através de um sistema de digitalização intra-oral. Após efetuada a digitalização do preparo, a imagem será transferida para um programa de desenho assistido por computador (CAD), pelo qual o operador poderá desenhar de forma virtual a restauração. Através de uma fresadora ou da impressão digital em 3D, o sistema CAM irá reproduzir a reabilitação desejada. Dependendo da estrutura e do seu objetivo, pode-se optar por diversos materiais, como em resina acrílica, cerâmica, híbrido, metal, e resinas compostas. O objetivo do presente trabalho é explanar o uso do sistema CAD/CAM na Odontologia para confecção de próteses fixas através de um levantamento nas bases de dados Lilacs, Pubmed, Scielo e Google Acadêmico. Pôde-se concluir que a tecnologia CAD/CAM aumenta a versatilidade, a precisão e o custo-benefício da confecção de restaurações indiretas. Acredita-se que em breve, fará parte da rotina clínica da maioria dos cirurgiões-dentistas.

Does CAD–CAM and navigation technology enable a more conservative approach to the management of odontogenic tumours?

Does CAD–CAM and navigation technology enable a more conservative approach to the management of odontogenic tumours?

25 Years Ago November 1995

Mould tool making meltdown; CD-ROM machine tool spec database; ABB’s two decades in robots; DSG’s manual/CNC combo; deburring specialist’s success; aqueous degreasing; cam technology come-back; Renishaw founder’s award

Evaluation of Clinical Marginal Adaptations of the Copings Fabricated in Cad Cam - Retrospective Study

CAD CAM Technology is a computer aided design and manufacturing system for the production of crowns.A variety of metal and all ceramic materials is available for the crown fabrication. The accuracy and the fit ofthe prosthesis depends on the CAD CAM system and each component individually like the milling and thescanner units. The aim of the present study was to determine the marginal adaptations of copings fabricatedwith CAD CAM and to analyse which technique has been used commonly to check the marginal fit of thecopings. The study was carried out on a hospital setting with ethical approval. The records of the patientswere collected and Chi square test was done to evaluate the results. From the overall study, it was found thatthere were different methods for the evaluation of fit of the copings. Most of the FPD patients were in theage group of 26 to 40 years. Most common method for checking marginal fit adaptation was RVG/IOPA. (pvalue =0.37) which is not statistically significant, followed by the catching on probing and the fit checker.

Using CAD – CAM Technology in The Design of Prosthetic Devices

During last years a lot of improvements have been put on in order to develop many products by the introduction of computer-aided tools, to reduce the cost and time of the Design and Manufacturing process, and to have a faster and cheaper evaluation for different variants of the same product. Also, a great interaction has been happened between the custom-fit of products character-rized with the human body or part of it. Innovative computer-aided tools could support to realize custom-fit products with a strict interaction with human body and definitely improve people’s life style, in particular of persons with disabilities. This research presented a specific-fit of the lower limb prosthesis, which can guide and support the user of prosthetic devices, it has been studied the history and improvement of prosthetics, the modular ones that mainly composed by commercial components, except for the socket that is highly customized and manufactured around the patient stump. All the product and process knowledge is strictly correlated to a specific set of parameters, which guides the whole prosthesis design process: the patient’s characteristics. In particular, these data are necessary to select the appropriate standard components, to model a functional socket according to the patient’s anatomy, and creates the 3D model of the socket. The proposed framework is centered on the digital model of the amputee and directly manages the experts’ knowledge in order to guarantee a product of high quality, commercial 3D CAD system has been adopted to create a library of 3D parametric models to represent standard components and for final prosthesis assembly.

Comparação da resistência de pino intrarradicular de fibra de vidro com pino experimental confeccionado pela tecnologia CAD/CAM

Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a resistência à fratura de dentes causados pela restauração endodonticamente restaurada com pino de fibra de vidro e pino experimental de fibra de vidro usada pelo método auxiliado por computador / fabricação auxiliada por computador (CAD / CAM). Metodologia: Um total de 20 bovinos incisivos com coroas seccionadas e raízes foram preparadas com 15mm de comprimento foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos (n = 10): G1 - fibra de vidro (controle) G1 - e G2 - fibra de vidro (experimental) . Em ambos os grupos, como peças que tiveram seus condutores radiculares usados endodonticamente.Como as raízes foram incluídas em resina acrílica, os pinos cimentados com cimento resinoso duplo e posteriormente, o teste de resistência à fratura por uma velocidade de 0,05 mm / min, sob uma pressão de 45 ° na máquina de ensaio universal até uma fratura . Os valores de resistência a fratura foram submetidos a teste t-Student com o programa SPSS com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: acordo com testes, os resultados da força requerida para fratura foi menor no Grupo de pinos de fibra pré-fabricados personalizados (48,2kgf) do que Grupo de pinos fresados pelo sistema CAD / CAM (56,9kgf), porém não mostra diferença estatística entre eles (p = 0,26). Com média de DP ± 14,6 para o primeiro e de ± 19,0 para o segundo grupo. Conclusão: Os pinos de fibra expandida pela tecnologia CAD / CAM podem surgir como alternativa viável para restaurações intrarradiculares de elementos usados endodonticamente, uma vez que não apresentem diferenças estatísticas de resistência à fratura com fragmentos pré-fabricados.

THE IMPORTANCE OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR IMPACT ON INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT, SERVICE ACTIVITIES AND UNEMPLOYMENT

New information and communication technologies have found their applicationin all fi elds of activity (manufacturing, construction, wholesale and retail, transport andstorage, information and communication, education, health care and social care andother activities). CAD / CAM applications are used in the industry for design, prototyping,fi nished products and realization of production programs, and in service activitiessuch as health care-dentistry is a process that achieves the fi nal treatment of the teeththrough fi ne grinding of fi nished ceramic blocks in order to achieve more effi cient work.CAD / CAM technology essentially allows the creation of two-dimensional, three-dimensional,fi ve-dimensional models and their materialization with numerically controlledmachines. In order to function more effi ciently, reduce costs, increase the effi ciency of theprocessing industry and services, achieve customer satisfaction and ultimately make aprofi t, many companies and dental offi ces in the world have focused on the implementationof modern IT solutions in everyday practice. From dedicated ceramic blocks, a dentistcan quickly provide a service (precise bridging and crown compensation) using CAD/ CAM technology (computer assisted-designed / computer-assisted production). The advantagesof this technology are presented in this paper. There are many systems likePoverMill, PoverShape, DeskProto 3D CAM, DeskProto V 7.0 in the industry as well asCercon, Celai, Cerec, Lava, Everest, which represent the imperative of modern dentistry.

An Effective Approach for Prosthodontic Rehabilitation for A Trismus Patient Seeking Removable Partial Denture: A Clinical Report

Background:, Prosthodontic Rehabilitation for trismuspatients with extremelyrestricted mouth openings by using traditional methods represent a big challenge for prosthodontists. Intra oral scanning and digitalized three dimensional CAD,CAM technology have affordeddifferenttechniquesused in the construction of highly accurate virtual dentition casts. Aim: to improve the accuracy of aRPD framework by incorporating the digitalization technology, computer-aided design (CAD), and 3D printing. Materials and Methods: Multiple intraoral scans were used to reconstruct the virtual cast on which the authors planned the virtual RPD framework. Thenusing a 3D printing process, the titanium alloy framework was constructed, and the final RPD was fitted on the patient mouth. Conclusions: Digitalization technology, computer-aided design (CAD), and 3D printing andIntraoral scanning provided an accurate and effective method in the construction of a removable prosthesis for a trismus patient with severly restricted mouth opening.

Comparison of 3D printing MJP and FDM technology in dentistry

Purpose: Many printers are tempting at low prices, but later their accuracy turns out to be insufficient. The study has included checking the accuracy of printing and reproducing details of 3D printers used in dental technology and dentistry such as MultiJet Printing (ProJet MP3000, 3D Systems) and Fused Deposition Modelling (Inspire S2000, Tiertime). Design/methodology/approach: The 3D prints were created from scans of the maxillary gypsum model with the loss of left premolar. In the test, objects were set to the X and Y-axis. In order to check the dimensional differences after printing, scans of the printed models were superimposed on scans of the plaster model in the GOM Inspect V8 SR1 (Braunschweig, Germany). The focus was on the distance of scans from each other and a deviation map was created for each object. Findings: The average absolute value of deviations for each of models were equalled: FDMfor X-axis 0.06 ± 0.04 mm, for Y-axis 0.07 ± 0.04 mm; MJP- for X-axis- 0.04 ± 0.02 mm, for Y-axis- 0.06 ± 0.02 mm. A chart of arithmetic averages calculated for each tooth for the best printouts in each series show that higher deviation values exist in case of FDM printout. The models printed in the X-axis have smaller values of deviations from those printed in the Y-axis. Practical implications: MultiJet Printing technology can be used to create more precise models than the FDM, but these printouts meet the requirements of dimensional accuracy too. Originality/value: CAD / CAM technology in the future will exist in every dental technology laboratory so it is important to be aware of the way the 3D printers works. By paying attention to the quality of detail reproduction, a Dental Technician is able to choose the best 3D printer for them.

Wykorzystanie technologii CAD/CAM w rehabilitacji protetycznej pacjentów leczonych z powodu nowotworów środkowego piętra twarzy

Wykorzystanie technologii CAD/CAM w rehabilitacji protetycznej pacjentów leczonych z powodu nowotworów środkowego piętra twarzy

A decision model for investment analysis in CNC centers and CAM technology

An aircraft engine housing is a complex thin-walled structure composed of hard to machine Inconel. Machining of complex geometries requires a multi-axis machining center. The programmers who plan the machining strategy need a sophisticated technology, since both processes are very expensive. The demand for challenging applications is rapidly growing. The machining industry must invest in machines and technology in order to stay competitive.This study offers an effective decision tool that supports such complex examination. We use this tool to determine the conditions under which the investment in technology is beneficial. We argue that the skills, experience and learning abilities of programmers have serious ramifications for: the duration of strategy planning, the quality of the final product and the efficiency of the machining process. We demonstrate that the programmers’ performance curve has high impact on the value generated by technology and must be considered on equally important footing with the material, machine, tooling and labor costs when technology investment is examined.

Aplicabilidade clínica dos avanços da tecnologia CAD-CAM em Odontologia

O avanço tecnológico tem se mostrado um grande aliado em diversas áreas, assim como na odontologia. O surgimento da tecnológica CAD/CAM (Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing) na década de 1950 trouxe outra realidade para a prática clínica diária. Previamente todo o processo laboratorial de trabalhos protéticos era demorado e puramente físico, atualmente a fabricação das peças protéticas demanda um menor tempo devido a utilização do meio digital, o que consequentemente diminui as consultas aos Cirurgiões-Dentistas. A adição de ferramentas digitais no planejamento e na execução dos tratamentos odontológicos alterou completamente o workflow, fazendo com que a busca para um aperfeiçoamento seja constante visando sempre o melhor atendimento e qualidade dos tratamentos realizados. Dessa forma este trabalho tem o objetivo de realizar uma revisão crítica da literatura sobre a aplicabilidade clínica da tecnologia CAD-CAM em Odontologia.

Custom‐made alloplastic and xenogenic scaffolds for bone augmentation – 1st year clinical outcomes

Background Severe maxillary bone loss influences the selection of implants and their locations, with consequences to the prosthetic rehabilitation. Different grafting strategies, such as the use of bone blocks, guided bone regeneration, bone distraction, among others, have been developed to overcome this problem. Presently, with the advances in CAD CAM technology it is possible to fabricate a custom-made scaffold from a xenogenic or alloplastic block, based on the CT scan of the bone defect. Aim/Hypothesis Custom-Made CAD CAM scaffolds can be considered an alternative bone augmentation technique. Material and Methods Dicom files obtained from the CT scan of the patient with a radiological guide from waxup was the starting point for graft design. Once introduced into a specific software (TailoredImplant), a 3D virtual model of the maxillary is created. Then we are able to choose the diameter, length and correct 3D position of the implants. Once established those, we were able to design, modulate and adapt the virtual scaffold, according to the bone needs for the implants location. Finally, 2 STL file were generated and sent to the manufacture. In the clinical cases presented, HA TCP and xenogenic custom-made scaffolds were used to graft two bilateral horizontal defects for later implant rehabilitation. A new CT scan was taken 6 months after 1st surgery and histological samples were collected during 2nd surgery (implants placement). Both patients received 2 MIS C1 implants and were rehabilitated with fixed prosthesis after 4 months. Results The histomorphometric results showed 17.8% and 19.9% of new bone formation, with alloplastic and xenogenic scaffolds respectively, at 6 months. The CT scan measures showed an average horizontal gain was 4.1 and 4.3 mm with xenogenic and alloplastic scaffolds respectively. Both scaffolds and implants have a 100% survival rate after 1 year. There were no complications during this follow-up period. Conclusions and Clinical Implications In conclusion, despite of the good results with a predictable bone volume augmentation and indicators revealed by these clinical cases, which agrees with the available literature, more cases and longer-term studies are needed to support this bone augmentation technique.

Influence of Aragonite Calcium Carbonate on Bone around implants loaded with Mandibular Zirconia Telescopic Overdenture: A CBCT Radiographic Comparative Study

Implant overdenture treatment is a popular line of treatment in edentulous patients where a hybrid implant-supported bridge is unsuitable. Telescopic attachment is considered one of the successful type of attachment used in overdenture patients. This study is conducted to clarify the value of using Calcium Carbonate graft material to enhance osseointegration and peri-implant bone. Zirconia was used as telescope material prepared by CAD CAM technology to maximize quality of attachment used. Ten completely edentulous male patients were selected according to predetermined criteria to receive twenty root-form endosseous implants (Protem/secure implant systemDio implant Dio corporation 1464, U-dong Haeundae-gu Busan, Korea) at the mandibular canine areas. As a within subject study, implants were categorized into two groups, graft material received group and control group. Overdentures were constructed after incorporating the telescopic attachment and finally the peri-implant bone was monitored using cone-beam CT (CBCT) at loading time, after 3, 6, and 12 months to measure the amount of marginal bone height loss and quality change around each implant. The results showed improvement in both peri-implant bone height and quality. Accordingly, within the limitation of the present study, the use of Calcium Carbonate graft material is an effective measure to enhance and stabilize peri-implant bone in implant overdenture patients.

Implant-Supported Screw-Retained Vs Cemented Single Crown Fabricated By CAD / CAM Technology: A Clinical Case Report

Implant-Supported Screw-Retained Vs Cemented Single Crown Fabricated By CAD / CAM Technology: A Clinical Case Report

АПАРАТ ОЦІНКИ КУКСИ ДЛЯ ПРОТЕЗУВАННЯ КІНЦІВОК

Вступ. Розроблено та віпробувано необхідні зонди, Які поєднують в Собі здатність візначаті форму та стан тканини Кукса. Зонди ма ють шкалу регулювання відносно "нульового" рівня Кукса та об'єднані з датчиками руху. На Основі Отримання Даних програмне забезпечення формує форму протеза. Це дает можлівість Здійснювати автоматичні вимірювання, Забезпечує метрологічні вимоги во время Калібрування пристрою. Для визначення механічніх властівостей тканин зонди оснащені датчиками тиску та прибудований для создания конкретного механічного НАВАНТАЖЕННЯ на зонди, что відповідає реальному, дБА на куксу в цілому. Є кілька режімів для вимірювання механічніх властівостей тканини Кукса.Мет ою дослідження Було Розробити прилад для визначення 3-D форми та механічніх характеристик тканин Кукса, что взаємодіють з гільзою протеза.Матеріали и методи. У процесі дослідження були проаналізовані матеріали про основні найбільш пошірені технології протезування кінцівок. Медичні, реабілітаційні та ерготерапевтічні проблеми пацієнтів в процесі протезування и ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЇ протезів. Для проектування були вікорістані пакети MatCad, SolidWorks та технології метрологічної ОЦІНКИ датчіків.Визначили такоже вимоги до автоматизації Втрата Даних та сумісності з технологіямі CAD-CAM. У конструкції пристрою враховуються економічні та технологічні возможности его реализации. Технологія может буті частина технології CAD / CAM для виробництва протезів кінцівок.Висновки. Розроблення Пристрій дозволяє розробляті форму та стан залішкової кінцівкі тканини. Автоматизована система дозволяє зніматі та збіраті дані з вимірювальних зондів и передаваті ЦІ дані на комп'ютер для Подальшого АНАЛІЗУ. Це дозволяє використовуват розроблення Пристрій як CAD-CAM технологічний елемент при формуванні оптімальної-протезної системи "протезування кінцівок".

INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT SURFACE TREATMENTS OF CAD/CAM HYBRID NANOCERAMICS CROWNS ON BOND STRENGTH OF RESIN COMPOSITE CEMENT

Introduction: Urgent demand for high-esthetic material, which at the same time has the possibility of absorption of mastication stress, has led to the technological development of hybrid nanoceramics used in CAD / CAM technology. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of different surface modification of hybrid nanoceramic crowns on the quality of the cement retention and the influence of the mastication stress after one year of function. Material and methods: 50 hybrid nanoceramic CAD/CAM crowns (CERASMART, GC) are cemented on titanium implant abutments with self-adhesive resin cement (G-CEM, LinkAce). The samples were divided into five main groups according to surface treatment (n=10): I (sandblasted with 50 microns Al2O3), II (treated with CERAMIC PRIMER II, GC), III (treated with 5% hydrofluoric acid), IV (treated with combination of 5% hydrofluoric acid and CERAMIC PRIMER II), V (control, non-treated group). The samples were storaged during 24 hours at 37°C, thermocycled and loaded under 10 000 mechanical cycles loads (simulation of 12 months of function). Retention forces measured in Universal testing machine. The data were represented as mean ± standard deviation, and for statistical analysis ANOVA test was used. Results: The highest initial retention force was demonstrated in the group IV (6.99±1.18), followed by group I (6.22±1.29), group III (5,97±1,25), group II (5,86±1,17) and control group samples (4.92±1.19). A statistically significant decline in retention force was recorded in all tested groups, with the lowest decrease observed in samples treated with a combination of 5% hydrofluoric acid and CERAMIC PRIMER II (6.08 ± 1.03). Conclusion: Mechanical and chemical surface modification can strongly influence the retentions between resin cement and hybrid nanoceramics. The results from this study are suggesting that the most efficient clinical outcome is the combination of 5% hidrofluoric acid and CERAMIC PRIMER II.

63. Crossing the chasm: ceramic dental biomaterials and cad cam technology.

63. Crossing the chasm: ceramic dental biomaterials and cad cam technology.