Calculation Of Rate Research Articles

Quantitative Accident Risk Estimation for Infrastructure Facilities Based on Accident Case Analysis

The construction industry records higher accident rates than other industries, and thus, risk estimation is necessary to manage accident rates. Risk levels differ based on facility type and construction project size. In this sense, this study aims to calculate the quantitative accident risk level according to the construction project size per infrastructure facility type. To this end, the following five-step risk estimation was performed: (1) data collection and classification; (2) calculation of fatality rate based on construction cost; (3) calculation of fatal construction probability by construction cost classification; (4) reclassification of construction cost considering fatal construction probability; and (5) calculation of risk level by facility type and construction cost classification. As a result, the fatality rate per facility type was the highest in ‘Dam’ at 0.01024 (person/USD million). Additionally, the risk level according to the construction project size per facility type was the highest for ‘Dam’ (0.00403 person/USD million) for a construction of less than USD 0.77 million. The risk level presented in this study can be utilized as basic data in the design stage for safety management. Our results also indicate the necessity of preparing a separate construction cost classification for safety management.

Inverse bremsstrahlung absorption rate for super-Gaussian electron distribution functions including plasma screening.

We provide analytic expressions for the effective Coulomb logarithm for inverse bremsstrahlung absorption which predict significant corrections to the Langdon effect and overall absorption rate compared to previous estimates. The calculation of the collisional absorption rate of laser energy in a plasma by the inverse bremsstrahlung mechanism usually makes the approximation of a constant Coulomb logarithm. We dispense with this approximation and instead take into account the velocity dependence of the Coulomb logarithm, leading to a more accurate expression for the absorption rate valid in both classical and quantum conditions. In contrast to previous work, the laser intensity enters into the Coulomb logarithm. In most laser-plasma interactions the electron distribution function is super-Gaussian [Langdon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 575 (1980)0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.44.575], and we find the absorption rate under these conditions is increased by as much as ≈30% compared to previous estimates at low density. In many cases of interest the correction to Langdon's predicted reduction in absorption is large; for example at Z=6 and T_{e}=400eV the Langdon prediction for the absorption is in error by a factor of ≈2. However, we also account for the additional effect of plasma screening, which predicts a reduction in absorption by a similar amount (up to ≈30%). These two effects compete to determine the overall absorption, which may be increased or decreased, depending on the conditions. The corrections can be incorporated into radiation-hydrodynamics simulation codes by replacing the familiar Coulomb logarithm with an analytic expression which depends on the super-Gaussian order "M" and the screening length.

Perhitungan Iuran Dana Pengembangan Pendidikan dengan Menggunakan Metode ABC Pada Sekolah Raudatul Ilmi di Kota X

This study aims to calculate tuition fees appropriately and fairly at Raudatul Ilmi School in X City using the Activity Based Costing (ABC) Method and to find out the differences between the Traditional Method and the ABC Method. This research uses qualitative methods that collect data using interviews and documentation. The analysis technique used by this research uses descriptive analysis. The results obtained are the calculation of the tuition fee rate using the Traditional method shows the Play Group (KB) level rate of Rp 130,220, the Kindergarten (TK) level of Rp 168,315, the ABC calculation shows the KB level rate of Rp 160,055 and the Kindergarten level of Rp 200,561. These results cause undercosting at Raudatul Ilmi School.

Variability of sequence architecture in a rift margin controlled by tectonic activity: The Eocene Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China

AbstractSequence architectures along the margins of rift basins are still poorly documented compared to passive continental margin settings. The Eocene Shahejie Formation on the rift margin of the Dongying Depression records a complex sequence stratigraphic distribution of conglomerate, sandy conglomerate, sandstone and mudstone. These facies have been mainly attributed to fan delta and marginal subaqueous fan depositional settings that developed during segmented fault activity along the rift margin. We utilize three‐dimensional (3D) seismic data, conventional cores, and wireline log data to dissect the overall wedge‐shaped upper sub‐member strata of the Shahejie Formation's fourth member. The study interval is a third‐order sequence formed between 45.4 and 42.5 Ma and contains a lowstand–transgressive systems tract (LST–TST) and a highstand systems tract–falling‐stage systems tract (HST–FSST). We found that the LST–TST developed several huge amalgamated depocenters along the Chennan border fault; whereas, these depocenters gradually diminished or even disappeared during the HST–FSST period, illustrating less significant control by the border fault. Through calculations of strata growth rates, we confirmed that the segmented activity of the border fault influences the stratigraphic distribution and facies evolution during these two periods. Specifically, deep‐water depositional systems, represented by marginal subaqueous fans were widely developed in the LST–TST period and were influenced by overall strong tectonic activity, including retrogradational (R) and aggradational (A) patterns. However, the aggradational to progradational (AP) deltas and progradational to degradational (PD) deltas dominated the generally muted tectonic activity setting during the HST–FSST. Additionally, influenced by localized segmented fault activity, these systems tracts exhibit incomplete vertical development, resulting in spatial variability in stratigraphic stacking patterns.

Graphics processing unit/artificial neural network-accelerated large-eddy simulation of swirling premixed flames

Within the scope of reacting flow simulations, the real-time direct integration (DI) of stiff ordinary differential equations for the computation of chemical kinetics stands as the primary demand on computational resources. Meanwhile, as the number of transport equations that need to be solved increases, the computational cost grows more substantially, particularly for those combustion models involving direct coupling of chemistry and flow such as the transported probability density function model. In the current study, an integrated graphics processing unit-artificial neural network (GPU-ANN) framework is introduced to comply with heavy computational costs while maintaining high fidelity. Within this framework, a GPU-based solver is employed to solve partial differential equations and compute thermal and transport properties, and an ANN is utilized to replace the calculation of reaction rates. Large eddy simulations of two swirling flames provide a robust validation, affirming and extending the GPU-ANN approach's applicability to challenging scenarios. The simulation results demonstrate a strong correlation in the macro flame structure and statistical characteristics between the GPU-ANN approach and the traditional central processing unit (CPU)-based solver with DI. This comparison indicates that the GPU-ANN approach is capable of attaining the same degree of precision as the conventional CPU-DI solver, even in more complex scenarios. In addition, the overall speed-up factor for the GPU-ANN approach is over two orders of magnitude. This study establishes the potential groundwork for widespread application of the proposed GPU-ANN approach in combustion simulations, addressing various and complex scenarios based on detailed chemistry, while significantly reducing computational costs.

Investigation of segregation behaviour in 2060 aluminium-lithium alloy during twin-roll casting

The utilization of the twin-roll casting process to fabricate aluminium (Al) - lithium (Li) alloys is regarded as an efficient and energy-saving strategy to meet the aerospace industry’s demands for reducing processing steps, cost-effectiveness, and corrosion resistance. This study successfully achieved the preparation of Al-Li alloy twin-roll cast slabs across various processing ranges to investigate the corrosion resistance differences in different processing conditions. Remarkable macro segregation phenomena were observed in the fabrication under high twin-roll casting speeds for TRC-3. By combining temperature and flow rate calculations, we comprehensively analysed the results of this segregation mechanism. The segregation is inherited into the final T6 state microstructure, exacerbating the precipitation of the T1 phases and deteriorating the ultimate corrosion resistance performance. We delved into a profound discussion regarding the mechanistic impact of segregation on corrosion behaviour. Ultimately, this study postulates a process parameter range for twin-roll casting of Al-Li alloys, aimed at attaining minimal segregation and maximal corrosion resistance.

Real Time Hotel Booking Demand Optimization

The significance of having proper revenue management and convenient operations in hotels rely on accurate daily demand. The main challenges that are being tackled conventionally are the forecasting of the number of cancellations and the calculation of the Average Daily Rate (ADR). One of the distinct characteristics of the hotel industry being so unstable is to adopt proactive strategies by dealing with a lot of external changes such as pandemics, disasters caused by nature, and economic fluctuations around the world. Booking cancellations are instrumental in helping hotel managers to optimise resources and inventory while ADR forecasting offers them equally essential projections concerning anticipated profit or loss margins. This research relies on several data modelling steps, including time series aggregation and decision merging, which are later followed by decomposition and model selection. SARIMAX and LSTM models are adopted for future traffic flow modelling, which demonstrates better forecasting performances. Binary classification is employed for feature engineering techniques together with model selection methods. Binary Classification is performed with a number of experiments with machine learning algorithms, AdaBoost turned out to be the best model which surpassed CART , KNN , Random Forest, Gradient boosting algorithms , and Light Gradient Boosting algorithms. The results of this are of great help to the hotel management for taking better decisions which are connected to the changing situations of the market

Antioxidative Triplet Excitation Energy Transfer in Bacterial Reaction Center Using a Screened Range Separated Hybrid Functional.

Excess energy absorbed by photosystems (PSs) can result in photoinduced oxidative damage. Transfer of such energy within the core pigments of the reaction center in the form of triplet excitation is important in regulating and preserving the functionality of PSs. In the bacterial reaction center (BRC), the special pair (P) is understood to act as the electron donor in a photoinduced charge transfer process, triggering the charge separation process through the photoactive branch A pigments that experience a higher polarizing environment. At this work, triplet excitation energy transfer (TEET) in BRC is studied using a computational perspective to gain insights into the roles of the dielectric environment and interpigment orientations. We find in agreement with experimental observations that TEET proceeds through branch B. The TEET process toward branch B pigment is found to be significantly faster than the hypothetical process proceeding through branch A pigments with ps and ms time scales, respectively. Our calculations find that conformational differences play a major role in this branch asymmetry in TEET, where the dielectric environment asymmetry plays only a secondary role in directing the TEET to proceed through branch B. We also address TEET processes asserting the role of carotenoid as the final triplet energy acceptor and in a mutant form, where the branch pigments adjacent to P are replaced by bacteriopheophytins. The necessary electronic excitation energies and electronic state couplings are calculated by the recently developed polarization-consistent framework combining a screened range-separated hybrid functional and a polarizable continuum mode. The polarization-consistent potential energy surfaces are used to parametrize the quantum mechanical approach, implementing Fermi's golden rule expression of the TEET rate calculations.

Development of a variable refrigerant flow system emulator to host the second World Championship in Cybernetic Building Optimization

This paper introduces an emulator developed to assess the operational characteristics of variable refrigerant flow (VRF) for the second World Championship in Cybernetic Building Optimization (WCCBO). The emulator utilizes BACnet communication and provides a realistic simulation for evaluating energy conservation and comfort in buildings with VRF systems. Herein, we discuss the building specifications for calculation, operation of the emulator, calculation method for the vertical temperature distribution, dissatisfactory rate calculation, and consideration of championship rules. Notably, a thermal preference model was developed for predicting the thermal sensation of occupants and adjusting the dissatisfaction rate based on their ability to control the indoor environment. In addition, we developed a method for calculating the total scores during the WCCBO and devised a suitable network structure for score registration. The results of this study highlight the importance of personal control and impact of drafts on thermal comfort. This paper presents a meta-level methodology to determine the best operation for each specific VRF system for a future world championship, whose planning is underway and will be conducted to accumulate information on optimal operations.

An Overview of Data Collection in Health Preference Research.

This paper focuses on survey administration and data collection methods employed for stated-preference studies in health applications. First, it describes different types of survey administration methods, encompassing web-based surveys, face-to-face (in-person) surveys, and mail surveys. Second, the concept of sampling frames is introduced, clarifying distinctions between the target population and survey frame population. The discussion then extends to different types of sampling methods, such as probability and non-probability sampling, along with an evaluation of potential issues associated with different sampling methods within the context of health preference research. Third, the paper provides information about different recruitment methods, including web-surveys, leveraging patient groups, and in-clinic recruitment. Fourth, a crucial aspect addressed is the calculation of response rate, with insights into determining an adequate response rate and strategies to improve response rates in stated-preference surveys. Lastly, the paper concludes by discussing data management plans and suggesting insights for future research in this field. In summary, this paper examines the nuanced aspects of survey administration and data collection methods in stated-preference studies, offering valuable guidance for researchers and practitioners in the health domain.

Global Strong Winds Occurrence Characteristics and Climate Index Correlation

Guided by entering the deep sea and achieving deep marine development in marine construction, the factors hindering marine construction cannot be ignored. Strong ocean winds have a devastating impact on tasks such as ship navigation, carrier aircraft take-off and landing, naval operations and military exercises, and affect the planning of sea routes and the development of the long-distance sea. This paper uses ERA5 wind field data and key climate indices to conduct a systematic analysis of catastrophic winds in the global ocean using methods such as climate statistical analysis, the Theil–Sen trend method, Pearson correlation and contribution rate calculation. It points out the spatiotemporal distribution, variation trend, climate index correlation and contribution rate characteristics of strong winds occurrence (SWO) and hopes that the results of this study can serve as a guide for maritime route planning and provide technical assistance and decision-making support for marine development and other needs. The results show the following: The high global SWO occurs in the Southern Ocean, the North Atlantic, the North Pacific, near Taiwan, China, the Arabian Sea and other locations, with the strongest SWO in summer. The growth trend of SWO in the Southern Ocean is strongest, with decreasing regions near the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, and the growth trend is reflected in all four seasons. The climate indices with the strongest correlation and highest contribution to the global SWO are AAO (Antarctic Oscillation) and EP–NP (East Pacific–North Pacific pattern) with a correlation between −0.5 and 0.5 and a contribution rate of up to −50%~50%.

Addressing challenges of BiVO4 light-harvesting ability through vanadium precursor engineering and sub-nanoclusters deposition for peroxymonosulfate-assisted photocatalytic pharmaceuticals removal

In this study, we present a complex approach for increasing light utilisation and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation in BiVO4-based photocatalyst. This involves two key considerations: the design of the precursor for BiVO4 synthesis and interface engineering through CuOx sub-nanoclusters deposition. The designed precursor of ammonium methavanadate (NH4VO3, NHV) leads to reduction in particle size, better dispersion and improved light harvesting ability, confirmed by the calculations of the local volume rate of photon absorption (LVRPA) using the Six-Flux Radiation Absorption-Scattering model. The morphological changes result in a significant improvement in photocatalytic activity under visible light for the degradation of pharmaceuticals (naproxen and ofloxacin) compared to the commercial NH4VO3. Additionally, CuOx sub-nanoclusters were deposited on designed BiVO4 and characterised using X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). The presence of sub-nanoclusters enhanced charge carriers separation, resulting in an increase in the apparent rate constants of 1.60 and 3.32-times for photocatalytic NPX and OFL removal, respectively. The application of obtained Vis light active photocatalysts in the presence of 0.1 mM PMS resulted in remarkably more efficient degradation of NPX (100 % within 60 min) and OFL (98.2 % within 120 min). PMS/Vis420/CuOx/BiVO4 system exhibited high stability and reusability in the subsequent cycles of photodegradation. However, high PMS dosage induced Bi leaching which may cause the instability of the photocatalyst. Finally, to address the environmental implications of pharmaceutical removal and adhere to the Guidelines for drinking-water quality, toxicity assessments using Vibrio fischeri bacteria were performed and compared to a quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model.

Preparation of mono-sized high sphericity Al-Si alloy particles for thermal energy storage materials by pulsated orifice ejection method

The demand for Al-Si particles with high sphericity and narrow size distribution is growing in the field of thermal energy storage. In this study, a novel pulsated orifice ejection method (POEM) was successfully employed to produce different-sized Al-Si alloy particles. The analysis indicates that such particles exhibit high sphericity, with each particle having a sphericity exceeding 0.9. The particles are precisely size-controllable and mono-sized, thereby ensuring that they have the identical thermal history. The combination of cooling rate calculation and particle structure analysis indicates that the particles prepared by POEM exhibit higher cooling rates through rapid solidification, resulting in finer and more uniform microstructures. The thermal analysis results demonstrate that the Al-Si alloy particles prepared in this study have high melting latent heat (approximately 500.87 J/g) and solidification latent heat (approximately 467.26 J/g), showcasing their potential as high-efficiency phase change materials for high-temperature thermal energy storage.

Analysis of parameters for spray-local exhaust ventilation (SLEV) to minimize high-temperature smoke pollutants and reduce energy consumption

Industrial buildings often face limitations in placing local exhaust ventilation (LEV) near pollution sources, which can lead to ineffective control of high-temperature smoke. This study explores the integration of spray with local exhaust ventilation (SLEV) as a solution for smoke control and energy savings. The research identified a design law for spray parameters and developed a formula to calculate SLEV ventilation flow rate that considers the impact of spray. Results indicate that the spray field overlapping coefficient plays a key role in characterizing the position and spacing of multi-nozzles. As the spray field overlapping coefficient increases, the spray dust reduction performance indicator linearly increases, while the capture efficiency follows a pattern that aligns with the Boltzmann curve model. The optimal range for the spray field overlapping coefficient to achieve high efficiency in SLEV is between 0.45 and 0.55. The formula for ventilation flow rate calculation is applicable to common conditions with smoke velocities ranging from 4 to 12 m/s (Ar: 0.0149–0.1339). SLEVs demonstrate a 35.22 % improvement in dust removal efficiency and over 20 % energy savings compared to LEVs, contributing to the development of high-efficiency, energy-saving systems for sustainable industrial production.

Climate Changes on the Amount of Rain and Temperature from 1990-2018 in Madaba, Jordan using Geographical Information Systems

Climate change is an important topic requiring thorough study due to the importance and increasing impact on the various environmental and human systems. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the changes observed in the minimum and maximum temperatures, as well as the calculation of rainfall rates during the period spanning 1990 to 2018 in the governorate of Madaba. The amount of rain as well as the average minimum and maximum temperatures were examined through annual, seasonal, and monthly analyses. The comparison results from 2018, 2010, 2000, and 1990 showed that there was an increase in the seasonal, annual, and maximum temperatures for the month of June reaching about 1.51 °C. The month of July and Shahrab reported an elevation of 1.06 °C and 1.26 °C with an annual increase in maximum temperatures of 1.44 °C. Similarly, rainfall rates decreased by 0.05 mm between 1990 and 2018, hence legislative laws were enacted against individuals contributing to climate change. This started with individuals practicing waste and garbage burning, as well as developing unified programs and plans to address the consequences.

Screening of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors in Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet Extracts and Study of Interaction Mechanisms.

Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet (CGB) extract has an α-glucosidase inhibitory effect (IC50 = 59.34 ± 0.07 μg/mL, positive control drug acarbose IC50 = 126.1 ± 0.02 μg/mL), but the precise enzyme inhibitors implicated in this process are not known. The screening of α-glucosidase inhibitors in CGB extracts was conducted by bioaffinity ultrafiltration, and six potential inhibitors (quercetin, lactucin, 3-O-methylquercetin, hyperoside, lactucopicrin, and isochlorogenic acid B) were screened as the precise inhibitors. The binding rate calculations and evaluation of enzyme inhibitory effects showed that lactucin and lactucopicrin exhibited the greatest inhibitory activities. Next, the inhibiting effects of the active components of CGB, lactucin and lactucopicrin, on α-glucosidase and their mechanisms were investigated through α-glucosidase activity assay, enzyme kinetics, multispectral analysis, and molecular docking simulation. The findings demonstrated that lactucin (IC50 = 52.76 ± 0.21 μM) and lactucopicrin (IC50 = 17.71 ± 0.64 μM) exhibited more inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase in comparison to acarbose (positive drug, IC50 = 195.2 ± 0.30 μM). Enzyme kinetic research revealed that lactucin inhibits α-glucosidase through a noncompetitive inhibition mechanism, while lactucopicrin inhibits it through a competitive inhibition mechanism. The fluorescence results suggested that lactucin and lactucopicrin effectively reduce the fluorescence of α-glucosidase by creating lactucin-α-glucosidase and lactucopicrin-α-glucosidase complexes through static quenching. Furthermore, the circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses revealed that the interaction between lactucin or lactucopicrin and α-glucosidase resulted in a modification of the α-glucosidase's conformation. The findings from molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations offer further confirmation that lactucopicrin has a robust binding affinity for certain residues located within the active cavity of α-glucosidase. Furthermore, it has a greater affinity for α-glucosidase compared to lactucin. The results validate the suppressive impact of lactucin and lactucopicrin on α-glucosidase and elucidate their underlying processes. Additionally, they serve as a foundation for the structural alteration of sesquiterpene derived from CGB, with the intention of using it for the management of diabetic mellitus.

Improved Flow Material Balance Equation for Dynamic Reserve Calculation Considering Variable Gas Drainage Radius in Shale Gas Reservoirs

Summary Based on the nonlinear relationship between the cumulative gas production and the total pressure difference, a segmental material balance equation was applied, and an improved flow material balance (FMB) equation was proposed to calculate the dynamic reserves of shale gas reservoirs with a variable gas drainage radius. In the early stage, the shale gas well drainage radius gradually increased. The spread range of the formation pressure increased, but fractures gradually closed because of the enhancement of the effective stress. This resulted in stress sensitivity. In the middle to late stages, the gas drainage radius can be regarded as unchanged. The rate of increase in the pressure spreading range decreased, and the rate of decrease in the fracture closure decreased. The stress sensitivity can be ignored. To explain these phenomena, a segmental material balance equation was established. Furthermore, an improved FMB equation was obtained based on the productivity equation using the potential superposition theorem, and the drainage radius of horizontal wells was regarded as a variable for the last dynamic reserve calculation. Finally, the dynamic reserves of four shale gas wells were calculated. The comparison indicated that the proposed improved equation predictions agreed more closely with actual development experience than the conventional models based on the dynamic recovery rate calculation and the correlation coefficient obtained by data fitting. The proposed method improves the dynamic reserve calculations and contributes to well productivity evaluation.

Relevance of radon progeny measurements for the assessment of inhalation doses in groundwater utilities

The high radon concentrations measured in the indoor air of groundwater facilities and the prevalence of the problem have been known for several years. Unlike in other workplaces, in groundwater plants, radon is released into the air from the water treatment processes. During the measurements of this study, the average radon concentrations varied from 500 to 8800 Bq m–3. In addition, the indoor air of the treatment plants is filtered and there are no significant internal aerosol sources. However, only a few published studies on groundwater plants have investigated the properties of the radon progeny aerosol, such as the equilibrium factor (F) or the size distribution of the aerosol, which are important for assessing the dose received by workers. Moreover, the International Commission on Radiological Protection has not provided generic aerosol parameter values for dose assessment in groundwater treatment facilities. In this study, radon and radon progeny measurements were carried out at three groundwater plants. The results indicate surprisingly high unattached fractions (fp = 0.27–0.58), suggesting a low aerosol concentration in indoor air. The corresponding F values were 0.09–0.42, well below those measured in previous studies. Based on a comparison of the effective dose rate calculations, either the determination of the fp or, with certain limitations, the measurement of radon is recommended. Dose rate calculation based on the potential alpha energy concentration alone proved unreliable.

Calculation of forbidden transitions in doubly ionized neodymium (Nd III) of interest for kilonova nebular phase analysis

In this paper, we present new radiative rate calculations for forbidden transitions, namely magnetic dipole (M1) and electric quadrupole (E2) transitions, involving all the experimentally known energy levels within the 4f4 ground configuration of doubly ionized neodymium (Nd III). To do this, and in order to estimate the accuracy of the results obtained, two independent computational approaches based on the pseudo-relativistic Hartree–Fock and the fully relativistic Dirac-Hartree–Fock methods were used. The transition probabilities calculated with these two approaches showed good overall agreement, in particular for the most intense forbidden lines for which the relative differences did not exceed 25%. From these new atomic data, some astrophysical implications were deduced such as the possibility (or not) of observing some [Nd III] lines on the infrared spectra recorded by the James Webb Space Telescope, more precisely for the analysis of nebular phase kilonova spectra following compact object mergers.

Diversity-dependent speciation and extinction in hominins

The search for drivers of hominin speciation and extinction has tended to focus on the impact of climate change. Far less attention has been paid to the role of interspecific competition. However, research across vertebrates more broadly has shown that both processes are often correlated with species diversity, suggesting an important role for interspecific competition. Here we ask whether hominin speciation and extinction conform to the expected patterns of negative and positive diversity dependence, respectively. We estimate speciation and extinction rates from fossil occurrence data with preservation variability priors in a validated Bayesian framework and test whether these rates are correlated with species diversity. We supplement these analyses with calculations of speciation rate across a phylogeny, again testing whether these are correlated with diversity. Our results are consistent with clade-wide diversity limits that governed speciation in hominins overall but that were not quite reached by the Australopithecus and Paranthropus subclade before its extinction. Extinction was not correlated with species diversity within the Australopithecus and Paranthropus subclade or within hominins overall; this is concordant with climate playing a greater part in hominin extinction than speciation. By contrast, Homo is characterized by positively diversity-dependent speciation and negatively diversity-dependent extinction—both exceedingly rare patterns across all forms of life. The genus Homo expands the set of reported associations between diversity and macroevolution in vertebrates, underscoring that the relationship between diversity and macroevolution is complex. These results indicate an important, previously underappreciated and comparatively unusual role of biotic interactions in Homo macroevolution, and speciation in particular. The unusual and unexpected patterns of diversity dependence in Homo speciation and extinction may be a consequence of repeated Homo range expansions driven by interspecific competition and made possible by recurrent innovations in ecological strategies. Exploring how hominin macroevolution fits into the general vertebrate macroevolutionary landscape has the potential to offer new perspectives on longstanding questions in vertebrate evolution and shed new light on evolutionary processes within our own lineage.