Calcium Phosphate Tribasic Research Articles

Fuscibacter oryzae gen. nov., sp. nov., a phosphate-solubilizing bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of rice plant.

An ovoid to rod shaped, white to brown pigmented, facultative anaerobic, mesophilic, non-phototrophic, Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, multiply by binary fission designated strain KVB23T, which was isolated from root of rice plant, near Ilsan, South Korea, was investigated for its taxonomic position by polyphasic approach. Optimal growth was found to occur at 30˚C, at pH 6.5 and in the absence of NaCl on R2A. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KVB23T revealed that it formed a distinct lineage, as a separate deep branch within the family Rhodobacteriaceae, with < 96.5% sequence similarity to representatives of the genera Rhodobacter, Xinfangfangia, Tabrizicola, Falsirhodobacter, Haematobacter, Paenirhodobacter, Pseudorhodobacter and Pararhodobacter. Based in 16S rRNA sequences strain KVB23T was most closely related to Tabrizicola fusiformis KCTC 62105T (96.5%) and Rhodobacter thermarum KCTC 52712T (96.2%). The draft genome of strain KVB23T was 3.80bp long with a DNA G + C content of 63.1%. Genome of strain KVB23T harboured gene clusters for tryptophan and cobalamin biosynthesis. The strain contained Q-10 as the sole respiratory quinone. The predominant fatty acids were found to consist of C16:0, C18:0 and summed feature 8 (comprising C18:1 ω7c and / or C18:1 ω6). The polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, seven unidentified phosphoglycolipids, two unidentified aminophosphoglycolipid, one unidentified glycolipid and four unidentified lipids. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria have the ability to dissolve insoluble phosphates and enhance the soil fertility. Strain KVB23T can solubilize calcium phosphate tribasic. Phosphate solubilizing and tryptophan biosynthesis property of strain KVB23T could be a possible factor for the increase in growth of rice plant. Differential phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain KVB23T was found to represent a novel genus in the Rhodobacteriaceae family, for which the name Fuscibacter oryzae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain KVB23T(= KACC 21711T = NBRC 114716T).

Assessment of remineralization potential of Theobromine and Sodium Fluoride gels on Artificial Caries like lesions

Objective: To compare the remineralization potential of theobromine and sodium fluoride gels on artificial caries like lesion. Materials and Methods: Forty longitudinal halves of human mandibular premolars were equally divided into 4 groups of 10 samples each: control group (C), samples were stored in distilled water during the experiment period. The remaining 30 specimens were subjected to demineralization protocol to create caries like lesions. samples were immersed for three days in a demineralization solution (pH 5.0) containing 0.2% carbopol and 0.1% lactic acid saturated with calcium phosphate tribasic. The samples were subdivided into 3 equal groups according to the treatment applied during the pH cycle. Demineralization group “D”: no treatment applied. Group “F” treated with 2000 mg/liter sodium fluoride gel. Group “T” treated with 200 mg/liter theobromine gel. The specimens of the two studies groups were subjected to Demineralization- Remineralization PH Cycle Protocol for 5 days (Alternating four steps: 1: Treatment material, fluoride or theobromine ˜= 3 minutes. 2: Demineralizing solution 3 hours. 3: treatment material ˜= 3 minutes. 4: Remineralizing solution till the next cycle). The samples were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA). Results: The enamel of the demineralization group was porous with artificial caries like changes exposing the subsurface enamel rods with severe rod core defects. Theobromine gel and fluoride gel groups showed marked improvement in the surface characteristics in the enamel in both groups. Theobromine gel group showed more observable enamel surface improvement than the fluoride gel group. EDXA revealed that the calcium-phosphorus ratio displayed a descending order: (C &gt; T &gt; F &gt; D). The differences between the two tested groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Theobromine gel had more effective remineralizing potential than fluoride gel as a result of its effect in improving the enamel surface characteristics of human teeth.KeywordsDental caries; Dental enamel, Ultrastructure; Hardness; Microscopy; Electron; Scanning; Sodium Fluoride, Therapeutic use; Theobromine/therapeutic use.

Organic carbon storage and its influencing factors under climate warming of sediments in steppe wetland, China.

The effect of climate warming on soil organic carbon (SOC) of sediment in wetlands is important for accurately projecting SOC content. Thus, understanding the mechanism influencing SOC content under climate warming is necessary. Field investigation and a laboratory incubation experiment were conducted in Hulunbeier steppe wetland during 2016 and 2017. Four types of wetland were selected to incubate with ambient temperature and temperature increased by 2.5°C. The results showed that SOC content was negatively affected by temperature warming. The SOC content reduction in sediment caused by increasing temperature was ranged from - 2.34 to 39.52%. In addition, the content of sand, silt, total phosphorus (TP), calcium phosphate tribasic (Ca-P), total nitrogen (TN), and sediment moisture (MC) should be considered in models of SOC content in steppe wetland. However, it requires further validation, in particular how SOC content varies with warming temperatures, the duration of incubation, and other abiotic and biotic factors. These findings provide evidence that both climate warming and original characteristics of sediment can control the SOC storage dynamics in the steppe wetland. Graphical abstract.

New Analytical Approach for The Determination of Calcium Phosphate Dibasic and Tribasic in Processed Food by Comparison of Ion Chromatography With High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.

An analytical method to measure solubilized orthophosphate ions (HPO42− and PO43− ) from the water-insoluble food additives calcium phosphate dibasic (DCP) and calcium phosphate tribasic (TCP) in processed foods was optimized by comparing ion chromatography (IC) coupled with DS6 conductivity detector (Cond.) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with Evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) methods. The ion-pairing HPLC method could analyze calcium and phosphate ions successively. However, this method exhibited low reproducibility after approximately 48 hours of measurements. The IC method was established as an effective method of measuring orthophosphate ions with high reproducibility using distilled water and KOH solution as the mobile phase with a Dionex column. Matrix-based limit of detections (LOD) and limit of quantifications (LOQ) for snacks and cereals were estimated in the range of 0.01–0.91 µg/mL and 0.21–2.74 µg/mL, respectively. In inter-day and intra-day tests, the calculated precision (%RSD) and accuracy (recovery %) ranged from 0.5% to 6.6% and 82% to 117%, respectively, in both food samples. The levels of DCP or TCP could be analyzed in various positive food samples, and the developed IC method demonstrated good applicability in the analysis of DCP and TCP in collected processed foods.

Compatibility of ticagrelor with pharmaceutical excipients studied with thermal and spectroscopic techniques.

The compatibility between ticagrelor and selected excipients (mannitol, calcium phosphate tribasic, sodium carboxymethyl starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose and magnesium stearate) was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. The compatibility was further corroborated by Raman spectroscopy and isothermal stress testing experiments. These results revealed that ticagrelor has high compatibility with mannitol, calcium phosphate tribasic, sodium carboxymethyl starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose and magnesium stearate.

Modification of the Ceramic Implant Surfaces from Zirconia by the Magnetron Sputtering of Different Calcium Phosphate Targets: A Comparative Study.

In this study, thin calcium phosphate (Ca-P) coatings were deposited on zirconia substrates by radiofrequency (RF) magnetron sputtering using different calcium phosphate targets (calcium phosphate tribasic (CPT), hydroxyapatite (HA), calcium phosphate monobasic, calcium phosphate dibasic dehydrate (DCPD) and calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) powders). The sputtering of calcium phosphate monobasic and DCPD powders was carried out without an inert gas in the self-sustaining plasma mode. The physico-chemical, mechanical and biological properties of the coatings were investigated. Cell adhesion on the coatings was examined using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The CPT coating exhibited the best cell adherence among all the samples, including the uncoated zirconia substrate. The cells were spread uniformly over the surfaces of all samples.

Fluorescent angioscopic imaging of calcium phosphate tribasic: precursor of hydroxyapatite, the major calcium deposit in human coronary plaques

Coronary calcification is a risk factor for ischemic heart disease. Hydroxyapatite that is formed by polymerization from calcium phosphate tribasic (CPT) is the major constituent of coronary calcium deposits. If CPT could be visualized, coronary calcification could be predicted and prevented. We discovered that when CPT and collagen I, the main constituent of collagen fibers, are mixed with lac dye (LD) and then exposed to fluorescent light excited at 345 ± 15 nm and emitted at 420 nm, a purple fluorescence that is characteristic of CPT only is elicited. So, we examined localization of CPT and its relation to plaque morphology by color fluorescent angioscopy (CFA) or microscopy (CFM) in 24 coronary arteries obtained from 12 autopsy subjects. By CFA, the incidence (%) of CPT as confirmed by purple fluorescence in 15 normal segments, 25 white plaques, 14 yellow plaques without necrotic core (NC) and 8 yellow plaques with NC was 20, 36, 64 and 100 (p < 0.05 vs. normal segments), respectively. By CFM, the CPT was either deposited alone amorphously or surrounded hydroxyapatite that was identified by Oil Red O, methylene blue and von Kossa’s stain. The results suggested that CFA using LD is feasible for imaging CPT, that is a precursor of hydroxyapatite, in human coronary plaques, and this technique would help prediction and discovery of a preventive method of coronary calcification.

Modestobacter lacusdianchii sp. nov., a Phosphate-Solubilizing Actinobacterium with Ability to Promote Microcystis Growth.

A novel actinobacterium, designated strain JXJ CY 19T, was isolated from a culture mat of Microcystis aeruginosa FACHB-905 collected from Dianchi Lake, South-west China. 16S rRNA gene sequences comparison of strain JXJ CY 19T and the available sequences in the GenBank database showed that the strain was closely related to Modestobacter marinus 42H12-1T (99.1% similarity) and Modestobacter roseus KLBMP 1279T (99.0%). The isolate had meso-diaminopimelic in the cell wall with whole-cell sugars of mannose, rhamnose, ribose, glucose, galactose, and arabinose. The menaquinone detected was MK-9(H4), while the major cellular fatty acids include C17:1 ω8c, C15:0 iso, C15:1 iso G and C16:0 iso. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and an unidentified phospholipid. The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strains JXJ CY 19T and the closely related type strains Modestobacter marinus CGMCC 4.5581T and Modestobacter roseus NBRC 108673T were determined to be 50.8 ± 0.8% and 44.1 ± 1.7%, respectively. The DNA G+C content was 71.9 mol%. On the basis of the above taxonomic data and differences in physiological characters from the closely related type strains, strain JXJ CY 19T was recognized as a novel species of the genus Modestobacter, for which the name Modestobacter lacusdianchii sp. nov. (JXJ CY 19T = KCTC 39600T = CPCC 204352T) is proposed. The type strain JXJ CY 19T can solubilize calcium phosphate tribasic (Ca3(PO4)2), phytin and L-α-phosphatidylcholine. The phosphate-solubilizing property of the novel actinobacterium could be a possible factor for the increase in growth of Microcystis aeruginosa FACHB-905 in ecosystem where the amount of available soluble phosphate is limited such as Dianchi Lake.

Laser Cladding of Composite Bioceramic Coatings on Titanium Alloy

In this study, silicon nitride (Si3N4) and calcium phosphate tribasic (TCP) composite bioceramic coatings were fabricated on a Ti6Al4V (TC4) alloy using Nd:YAG pulsed laser, CO2 CW laser, and Semiconductor CW laser. The surface morphology, cross-sectional microstructure, mechanical properties, and biological behavior were carefully investigated. These investigations were conducted employing scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and other methodologies. The results showed that both Si3N4 and Si3N4/TCP composite coatings were able to form a compact bonding interface between the coating and the substrate by using appropriate laser parameters. The coating layers were dense, demonstrating a good surface appearance. The bioceramic coatings produced by laser cladding have good mechanical properties. Compared with that of the bulk material, microhardness of composite ceramic coatings on the surface significantly increased. In addition, good biological activity could be obtained by adding TCP into the composite coating.

Püskürtmeli Kurutma Tekniği ile Hazırlanmış ZnO ve PVA Katkılı Kalsiyum Fosfat Esaslı Biyoseramik Tozlarının Sinterleme Davranışları

Calcium phosphate ceramics (hydroxyapatite (HA) and calcium phosphate tribasic (CPT)) used in orthopedic instruments, dental implants, hip and knee prosthesis are calcium phosphate based bioceramics materials. Calcium phosphate ceramics, an alternative instead of bone meal, are commonly used due to their bioactive property. Also, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is biocompatible polymeric material with suitable mechanical properties which is used in biomedical areas. Within the scope of this work, the influence of ZnO and PVA on the physical and mechanical properties of two different mineralogical characteristics of calcium phosphate ceramics (HA and CPT) was investigated. For this purpose, spray drying method was used to prepare ZnO added HA-PVA and CPT-PVA composite powders. Furthermore, the spray dried composite powders were thermally treated at different temperatures. The effects of additions on microstructural development against thermal treatment of the composite powders prepared were investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and microhardness tests

Phosphorus availability from inorganic phosphorus sources in yellowtail ( Seriola quinqueradiata Temminck and Schlegel)

This study was conducted to select an appropriate inorganic phosphorus (P) source with higher P availability, judging from apparent availability of P and non-fecal P excretion, in yellowtail (270 ± 44.6 g) fed five inorganic P sources. Albumin based purified diets with five inorganic P sources were used: potassium phosphate monobasic, KH 2PO 4; sodium phosphate monobasic, NaH 2PO 42H 2O; calcium phosphate monobasic, Ca (H 2PO 4) 2H 2O; calcium phosphate dibasic, CaHPO 42H 2O, and calcium phosphate tribasic, [Ca 3(PO 4) 2] 3Ca(OH) 2. The results showed that the P sources significantly influenced P availability in yellowtail. Apparent phosphorus availability (APA) values for K (96.1%), Na (94.8%), and Ca (92.4%) phosphate monobasic sources were significantly ( P < 0.05) higher than for sources using Ca phosphate di- (59.2%) and tribasic (48.8%). The pattern of non-fecal P excretion, based on monitoring every hour for 24 h after feeding, showed that the peak height at 5 h after feeding differed, depending on the availability of inorganic P sources. The fecal P content was found to be significantly ( P < 0.05) less in yellowtail fed monobasic inorganic P sources of K (0.56 mg/g dry fecal matter), Na (0.63 mg/g dry fecal matter), and Ca (0.9 mg/g dry fecal matter) than dibasic (9.1 mg/g dry fecal matter) and tribasic (9.9 mg/g dry fecal matter) sources of Ca. In contrast, non-fecal P content was significantly ( P < 0.05) higher with monobasic sources of K (3.5 g soluble P/kg dry feed fed), Na (3.5 g soluble P/kg dry feed fed), and Ca (3.4 g soluble P/kg dry feed fed) than with dibasic (2.6 g soluble P/kg dry feed fed) and tribasic (2.4 g soluble P/kg dry feed fed) sources of Ca. These indicated that intestinal absorption was lower with those di- and tribasic sources of Ca compared to mono basic sources of K, Na, and Ca. In this study, both availability and non-fecal excretion measurements suggested that K, Na, and Ca mono basic are highly available inorganic P sources for yellowtail.

Estimation of apparent phosphorus availability from inorganic phosphorus sources for Penaeus vannamei

The determination of net phosphorus absorption (apparent phosphorus availability, APA) from various feedstuffs by shrimp and the leaching losses from feeds are required for the evaluation of nutrient sources in terms of their nutritional, economic and environmental impacts. Utilizing chromic oxide as an inert marker, APA for inorganic phosphorus sources and the effects of calcium supplements on APA were evaluated in Penaeus vannamei. Based on the results of the present study, the following APA values were determined: calcium phosphate monobasic, 46.3%; calcium phosphate dibasic, 19.1%; calcium phosphate tribasic, 9.9%; potassium phosphate monobasic, 68.1%; sodium phosphate monobasic, 68.2%. APA values for diets utilizing sodium phosphate monobasic as the phosphorus source were significantly depressed by the presence of calcium lactate (50.0% APA) but not by calcium carbonate (65.5% APA) or calcium chloride (68.2% APA). Although leaching losses for some of the test diets were high, APA values did not appear to be influenced by leaching. Total fecal phosphorus and dissolved reactive phosphorus leaching from the test diets varied with phosphorus and calcium source. Phosphorus losses from a commercial shrimp diet after immersion were considerably lower than values reported for commercial salmon diets. Decreased bioavailability of dietary phosphorus to shrimp and reduced leaching losses from the shrimp feed would indicate pollution loads will follow a pattern different from that of fish production systems.