Caffeine Users Research Articles

Effect Of Caffeine On Muscular Strength And Endurance In Resistance-trained College-aged Males

PURPOSE: To determine if pre-exercise caffeine consumption would significantly enhance performance during muscular strength and endurance testing in habitual caffeine users. METHODS: Males (n=8, 22.12±.83yrs., 85.82±12.75kg) who self-reported to be habitual caffeine users volunteered for the study. All participants reported resistance training a minimum of 3 times per week for at least 3 months prior to involvement in the study. Participants abstained from caffeine for at least 48 hours prior to testing. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects design, participants were randomly assigned to consume either 150mg caffeine (10 oz. standardized coffee) or decaffeinated coffee (10 oz. placebo) and performed a 5-repetition (5RM) maximal effort leg press followed by a maximal effort YMCA push-up test. Participants returned 1 week after the first trial for the second treatment. A paired samples t-test was performed to test for significant differences between treatments. RESULTS: Analysis showed significant increases in 5RM leg press weight (p=0.029) and push up performance (p=0.009) between treatment and placebo trials. An 11% improvement was seen in 5RM leg press weight (600±161 lbs) compared to the placebo (539±135 lbs). Similarly, there was a 14% improvement in push up performance (caffeine 40±10 repetitions, placebo 35±7 repetitions) between treatment and placebo testing. The relative dose of caffeine for the participants was 1.78±0.26 ml/kg of bodyweight (1.4 - 2.2 mg/kg of bodyweight). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that 150mg caffeine may improve muscular strength and endurance in resistance-trained habitual caffeine users. Further, the relative amount of caffeine consumed was less than that believed to be required for an ergogenic effect on performance. These results suggest that for habitual caffeine users that follow a washout period, a lower caffeine dosage can still elicit an ergogenic effect on muscular strength and endurance. Future research should determine whether our results are consistent across both sexes as well as determine whether the same ergogenic effect can be seen following similar dosages to those who are not habitual users.

Caffeine Intake and Demographic Characteristics of Shift Workers: A Cross-sectional Analysis Using NHANES 2005–2010 Data (P14-001-19)

ObjectivesCaffeine is the most widely consumed stimulant in the world and sociodemographic factors including occupation are associated with its intake. Non-standard work schedules are required in various occupations, and it is difficult to adapt to them. Shift work is associated with poor sleep, inadequate diet and numerous adverse health effects. We assessed whether caffeine intake differs in individuals working various shifts since it is assumed shift workers use more caffeine to cope with fatigue and disrupted circadian rhythms. MethodsThe 24-h dietary recall data collected in NHANES 2005–2010 datasets (employed adults age 19–70 years, n = 8500) were used to estimate individual usual caffeine intake from caffeine-containing foods and beverages. Daily patterns of work were self-reported as: regular daytime shift; evening shift; night shift; rotating shift; or “other”. Regression analyses assessed associations of shift work with caffeine intake after adjustment for age, gender, ethnicity, smoking status, work hours, energy intake, and alcohol intake, all known to be associated with caffeine intake. ResultsApproximately 73.5% of employed adults were day shift workers and 26.5% were non-day shift workers. Day shift workers were more likely to be non-Hispanic white and of higher economic status compared to other shift workers. Mean 24-hour caffeine intake of day shift workers (204 ± 5 mg) was similar (P > 0.2) to that of evening, night, and rotating shift workers (209 ± 23, 184 ± 18, and 199 ± 15 mg, respectively). Regardless of work schedule, individuals consumed the most caffeine during morning hours. Evening and night shift workers consumed less caffeine during their work hours (76.8 ± 8.8 and 98.4 ± 18.5 mg, respectively) and more during non-work hours (131 ± 24 and 84.9 ± 9.5 mg, respectively) compared to day shift workers (157 ± 4 and 49.7 ± 3.4 mg during work hours and non-work hours, respectively; P < 0.01 for both). ConclusionsUnexpectedly, daily caffeine intake was similar across different types of shift workers after adjustment for age, gender, ethnicity, smoking, economic status and other factors.Opinions or assertions contained herein are private views of the authors and not to be construed as official or reflecting views of the Army or DoD. Funding SourcesDMRP/MRMC.

Supplemental Material for Higher Olfactory Sensitivity to Coffee Odour in Habitual Caffeine Users

Supplemental Material for Higher Olfactory Sensitivity to Coffee Odour in Habitual Caffeine Users

Influence of caffeine upon tolerance to a simulated hemorrhagic challenge in habituated users

Caffeine is an adenosine receptor antagonist and its consumption in caffeine naïve individuals is associated with increased blood pressure. However, the influence of caffeine consumption upon blood pressure in individuals habituated to caffeine is less clear. Approximately 300mg of caffeine is consumed daily by 80% of the United States active duty military yet the influence of caffeine upon tolerance to a simulated hemorrhagic challenge in habituated users is unknown. Our aim was to examine the influence of caffeine consumption upon tolerance to a simulated hemorrhagic challenge (Lower Body Negative Pressure; LBNP) in habitual caffeine consumers. Eight healthy participants (age: 27 ± 6 yrs, Ht: 179 ± 10 cm, Wt: 76.0 ± 14.4 kg) completed three double blinded, counterbalanced trials (Caffeine, Decaffeinated and Water). Following baseline measures of cardiovascular control (including mean arterial pressure, MAP; mmHg and total peripheral resistance, TPR; mmHg/l/min) participants drank (6.25ml/kg body mass) either water (Water; volume control), decaffeinated coffee (Decaffeinated; placebo control) or caffeinated coffee (Caffeine; 4 mg caffeine/kg body mass). Participants were measured again following the ingestion of the drink (pre LBNP) and then underwent a graded LBNP protocol (−20mmHg, −30mmHg, etc.) until pre‐syncope. LBNP tolerance was quantified as cumulative stress index (CSI; mmHg*min). Data are presented at baseline (pre drink), prior to LBNP (pre LBNP and post drink), a common time point during LBNP tolerated by all individuals in all trials (−30mmHg) and at pre syncope. MAP increased from baseline to pre LBNP in all trials (Caffeine: from 84 ± 7 to 98 ± 7 mmHg; Decaffeinated: from 90 ± 10 to 94 ± 7 mmHg and Water: from 89 ± 9 to 97 ± 6 mmHg; P &lt; 0.05 in all trials). MAP was reduced at pre syncope in all trials (Caffeine: 59 ± 4 mmHg; Decaffeinated: 57 ± 4 and Water: 60 ± 7 mmHg; all P &lt; 0.05 relative to pre LBNP). MAP was not different between trials at any time point (P &gt; 0.05). TPR was not different from baseline during LBNP in the Water and Decaffeinated trials (from: 13 ± 2 and 14 ± 2 to −30mmHg: 16 ± 3 and 16 ± 2 mmHg/l/min, respectively both P &gt; 0.05 vs. baseline) but increased during LBNP in the Caffeine trial (from: 13 ± 2 to −30mmHg: 18 ± 3 mmHg/l/min; P = 0.004 vs. baseline). LBNP Tolerance was greater in the Caffeine trial (941 ± 376 mmHg*min, 19.2 ± 4.8 min) relative to the Decaffeinated trial (686 ± 382 mmHg*min, 15.7 ± 5.1 min; CSI: P = 0.021), but was not different relative to the Water trial (Water: 816 ± 383 mmHg*min, 17.5 ± 5.0 min; CSI: P = 0.093). Caffeine consumption alters cardiovascular control during a simulated hemorrhagic challenge and may influence LBNP tolerance in habitual caffeine users, although this affect appears to be small. This may have implications for the treatment of a hemorrhagic insult in individuals who are habitual caffeine users and whom have an elevated risk of hemorrhagic injury (e.g. soldiers).This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Abstract P298: Normotensive Habitual Caffeine Consumers Experience No Change in Blood Pressure or Pulse Wave Velocity Following the Combined Consumption of Caffeine and Dietary Nitrate

Intro: Caffeine intake may elevate blood pressure (BP), while habitual consumption leads to developed tolerance, providing conflicting evidence for incurred changes in BP. Dietary nitrate consumption decreases BP and reduces arterial stiffness in patients with atherosclerosis and hypertension due to increased plasma nitrite and enhanced bioavailability of nitric oxide. However, a decline in BP for a healthy cohort could be an unwanted side effect for normotensive individuals. Less is known about the combined effects of dietary nitrate and caffeine on resting hemodynamics in a healthy population. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that caffeine supplementation would increase systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) while combined dietary nitrate consumption would attenuate this rise. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced study, eight healthy, young adults who typically consumed some but not more than 500 mg caffeine/day completed 4 separate visits to the laboratory, each visit separated by one week. Prior to each visit, participants consumed a 4-day supplementation regimen of either dietary nitrate (12.4 mmol, NIT) or a placebo nitrate (PLN) combined with either caffeine (3 mg/kg, CAF) or placebo caffeine (PLC); this comprised 1 of 4 treatments. The final dose of NIT or PLN was consumed 2.5 hours prior to assessments while CAF or PLC was consumed 1 hour prior. Participants minimized consumption of dietary nitrate rich foods and caffeine during the 4 days leading up to their scheduled visit. Each visit consisted of measurements of peripheral SBP and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) with aortic central systolic and diastolic blood pressure (cSBP and cDBP, respectively) assessed noninvasively using pulse wave analysis. Measurement of arterial stiffness via applanation tonometry determined PWV. A linear mixed effects model analysis was performed to determine if supplementation regimen influenced hemodynamic parameters. Results: SBP of NIT+CAF (115±6 mmHg), PLN+CAF (117±9 mmHg), NIT+PLC (115±6 mmHg) and PLN+PLC (115±6 mmHg)(p=0.591) and PWV of NIT+CAF (5.5±1.1 m/s), PLN+CAF (5.8±0.7 m/s), NIT+PLC (5.8±0.6 m/s) and PLN+PLC (5.6±1.0 m/s) (p=0.353) were not statistically different between treatments. In addition, DBP (p=0.496), cSBP (p=0.656), cDBP (p=0.548), aortic augmentation index (p=0.054), and resting heart rate (p=0.646) were not different between treatments. Conclusion: Following 4 days of caffeine supplementation, habitual caffeine users did not experience any changes in resting hemodynamics when compared to a placebo supplement. In addition, dietary nitrate did not incur any changes in resting metrics whether or not it was consumed alongside caffeine. In this regard, habitual caffeine users are not affected by 3mg/kg doses of caffeine, and dietary nitrate (12.4 mmol/day) does not further reduce the BP of healthy normotensive adults.

Gender Differences in Any-Source Caffeine and Energy Drink Use and Associated Adverse Health Behaviors.

Background: The majority of college students report caffeine use with many using caffeine daily. Energy drink (ED) use, in particular, is common among college students, and numerous studies link these heavily caffeinated drinks to a variety of adverse consequences including substance use and risky behaviors. However, little is known about correlations between any-source caffeine use and other substance use and problems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patterns of caffeine use and examine the relationships between caffeine, in general, and EDs specifically, and adverse health behaviors in college students. Methods: We used data from a longitudinal study of alcohol use and health-related outcomes to assess caffeine, alcohol, nonprescription drug, and tobacco use and symptoms of alcohol dependence in 1958 freshmen from a mid-Atlantic university during Fall 2012. We compared adverse health behaviors between caffeine users and nonusers and ED users and nonusers. Data were evaluated separately in men and women. Results: While women reported significantly more caffeine use than men, men reported more ED use. EDs, regardless of frequency of use, were associated with all adverse health behaviors, but only in female students. Similarly, daily any-source caffeine use was significantly associated with alcohol, nonprescription drug, and tobacco use in female students, but in men, the association was less robust. Conclusions: This research shows that caffeine use is prevalent among college students, and, in female students, is associated with alcohol, nonprescription drug, and tobacco use and alcohol dependence symptoms. Interventions aimed at promoting healthy behaviors may be especially useful in this population.

Development and initial psychometric validation of the Brief-Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire (B-CaffEQ).

Caffeine is the most widely available and consumed psychoactive substance in the United States. Extant work indicates that across substances, use expectancies play a marked role in the development and maintenance of consumption patterns. Despite a burgeoning line of etiological and intervention-oriented research focused on expectancies (e.g., alcohol), there is a limited literature regarding caffeine use effect expectancies, specifically. To facilitate this work, the Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire (CaffEQ) was developed and psychometrically validated; however, the length of the CaffEQ (i.e., 47 items) may hinder widespread adoption of this tool. As such, the current study provides an initial psychometric validation of a brief, 20-item version-the Brief-Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire (B-CaffEQ)-in a multiethnic sample of undergraduate students (N = 975). Results showed that the B-CaffEQ replicated the 7-factor structure of the original CaffEQ using both constrained (confirmatory factor analysis) and less constrained (exploratory structural equation modeling) structural models and evidenced good internal consistency across subscales. The B-CaffEQ also demonstrated concurrent validity with caffeine use frequency indices, replicated and extended convergent validity between caffeine expectancy subscales and related behavioral and psychological constructs, and demonstrated discriminant validity with other related, but notably distinct, stimulant use metrics (e.g., cocaine, Ritalin). Lastly, the B-CaffEQ appears to provide an invariant measure of expectancies across types of caffeine users. These findings indicate that the B-CaffEQ is a reliable assessment of caffeine use effect expectancies, with acceptable-to-good psychometric properties-comparable in length to other substance use expectancies measures-that may be more readily incorporated into research and clinical settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

Effect of Green Coffee Consumption on Resting Energy Expenditure, Blood Pressure, and Body Temperature in Healthy Women: A Pilot Study

ABSTRACTObjective: This study was conducted to determine the effects of green coffee consumption on resting energy expenditures (REEs), blood pressure, and body temperature of individuals.Method: The study was conducted with 24 women. The REE values of the individuals were measured with the COSMED Fitmate PRO. After the first REE measurements, individuals were given 1 cup of green coffee that was prepared to contain 6 mg caffeine per kg of lean body mass. After coffee consumption, REE measurements were made at 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes. Blood pressure (mm Hg) and body temperature values (°C) were measured simultaneously with REE measurement.Results: There was a positive correlation between the caffeine amounts given with green coffee and 30-minute (p < 0.05), 60-minute (p = 0.06), and 120-minute (p < 0.05) REE (kcal/d) values. There was also a positive correlation between the total chlorogenic acid taken with green coffee and 30-minute (p < 0.05), 60-minute (p = 0.06), and 120-minute (p < 0.05) REE (kcal/d) values. The intracellular and extracellular fluid amounts liter(l) before and after consumption of green coffee by individuals were 18.7 ± 1.57 versus 18.6 ± 1.44 (p < 0.05) and 11.4 ± 1.01 versus 11.2 ± 0.97 (p < 0.05), respectively. The body temperature (°C) changes observed in the individuals whose usual dietary caffeine intake was less than or equal to the 50th percentile after green coffee consumption were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Similarly, the diastolic blood pressure changes observed in the individuals whose usual dietary caffeine intake was less than or equal to the 50th percentile after green coffee consumption was almost statistically significant (p = 0.06).Conclusions: The results of this study showed that 6 mg caffeine/kg (lean body mass) intake among women changed body temperature and blood pressure values and liquid balance depending on the usual dietary coffee intake. In addition, chlorogenic acid is also correlated with REE values besides green coffee caffeine.Key teaching points• There are several findings, and chlorogenic acid may have antihypertensive effects.• There is a significant correlation between green coffee chlorogenic acid amount and REE.• Intracellular and extracellular liquid amounts decrease following green coffee consumption (215–280 mg caffeine), and these changes are observed in individuals whose usual dietary caffeine intake is relatively both low and high.• The body temperature values of individuals whose usual dietary caffeine intake was in the 50th percentile or greater (relatively high) increased after green coffee consumption.

Caffeine and Citrate Aurantium Supplementation Alter Resting Cardiac Autonomic Function but Not During Recovery

PURPOSE: To examine the combined effects of the pre exercise complex Citrate Aurantium and Caffeine (CA+C) on cardiac autonomic activity following ingestion and immediately after high-intensity anaerobic exercise in habitual caffeine users. METHODS: Ten physically active males (25.1± 3.9 years; mass 78.7± 9.5kg) who habitually consume caffeine (≥ 1 serving a day [95mg] 4 days a week) participated. This was a double-blind crossover design, where either a CA+C or a placebo capsule was consumed followed by a 45-min ingestion period, a repeated Wingate protocol, and a 45-min recovery period. Cardiac autonomic activity was assessed through Heart Rate (HR), plasma epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE), and markers of Heart Rate Variability (HRV): root mean squared of successive R-R differences (RMSSD); Standard Deviation of R-R intervals (SDNN); High-Frequency (HF); Low-Frequency (LF); and its ratio (LF:HF). Markers were taken at four time points: pre-Ingestion (PRE-ig), 40-45-min post (Post- ig); Wingate recovery (PRE-rcv), 40-45-min post recovery (Post-rcv). RESULTS: Markers that violated normality were naturally log transformed prior to further analysis (ln). Pre-planned comparisons were performed to assess differences between pre and post time points as well as the corresponding time point of the other trial within their respected phase. During the CA+C trial, an increase in HR, lnSDNN, lnLF, EPI, and NE were observed at Post-ig when compared to Pre-ig (p≤0.05). Significant differences were observed in all markers, except LF:HF, during the CA+C and PLA trials from the Pre-rcv to Post-rcv (p≤0.05). CONCLUSION: The consumption of CA+C stimulates sympathetic activity during rest (e.g. ingestion phase) without influencing parasympathetic activity. CA+C provides no influence over cardiac autonomic recovery.

Effects of Caffeine Administration on Reaction Time, Attention, and Inhibitory Control in Children and Adolescents

Previous studies have shown that caffeine can improve performance on cognitive tasks in adults, but little work has been done in children and adolescents, who use caffeine less habitually. The primary aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that acute caffeine enhances performance on cognitive tasks in children and adolescents. Two secondary aims were to determine if these effects differ as a function of sex, puberty, and menstrual cycle phase and if these effects can be attributed to withdrawal reversal. Children were given a cognitive test battery using the Automated Neurological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) before and 60 min after administration of placebo or caffeine (1 or 2 mg/kg). The number of correct responses and throughput on the Stroop task were increased after caffeine administration. Caffeine also decreased reaction time on the Stroop and decreased the standard deviation of the reaction time on the Go/No-Go task. We further analyzed these data based on presence or absence of withdrawal symptoms and by usual caffeine use and found that the effects of caffeine remained. We found interactions between sex and caffeine for Go/No-Go task time and the standard deviation of the reaction time on the Stroop task and an interaction between caffeine dose and menstrual cycle phase on the standard deviation of the reaction time on the Go/No-Go task. These results are consistent with previous studies showing caffeine facilitates performance on some cognitive tasks and that these improvements are not related to reversal of withdrawal effects. This study is among the first to report sex differences in responses to caffeine on cognitive tasks in children and adolescents.

Intake of caffeine from all sources and reasons for use by college students

Caffeine intake in a convenience sample of U.S. college students (N=1248) was surveyed at five geographically-dispersed United States (U.S.) universities. Intake from coffee, tea, soft drinks, energy drinks, gums, and medications was assessed. Associations between caffeine intake and demographic variables including sex, age, race/ethnicity, family income, general health, exercise, weight variables and tobacco use were examined. Reasons for use of caffeine-containing products were assessed. Caffeine, in any form, was consumed by 92% of students in the past year. Mean daily caffeine consumption for all students, including non-consumers, was 159mg/d with a mean intake of 173mg/d among caffeine users. Coffee was the main source of caffeine intake in male (120mg/d) and female (111mg/d) consumers. Male and female students consumed 53 vs. 30mg/d of caffeine in energy drinks, respectively, and 28% consumed energy drinks with alcohol on at least one occasion. Students provided multiple reasons for caffeine use including: to feel awake (79%); enjoy the taste (68%); the social aspects of consumption (39%); improve concentration (31%); increase physical energy (27%); improve mood (18%); and alleviate stress (9%). As in the general U.S. population, coffee is the primary source of caffeine intake among the college students surveyed. Energy drinks provide less than half of total daily caffeine intake but more than among the general population. Students, especially women, consume somewhat more caffeine than the general population of individuals aged 19-30y but less than individuals aged 31-50y.

Cluster Headache Clinical Phenotypes: Tobacco Nonexposed (Never Smoker and No Parental Secondary Smoke Exposure as a Child) versus Tobacco-Exposed: Results from the United States Cluster Headache Survey.

To present results from the United States Cluster Headache Survey comparing the clinical presentation of tobacco nonexposed and tobacco-exposed cluster headache patients. Cluster headache is uniquely tied to a personal history of tobacco usage/cigarette smoking and, if the individual cluster headache sufferer did not smoke, it has been shown that their parent(s) typically did and that individual had significant secondary smoke exposure as a child. The true nontobacco exposed (no personal or secondary exposure) cluster headache sufferer has never been fully studied. The United States Cluster Headache Survey consisted of 187 multiple choice questions related to cluster headache including: patient demographics, clinical headache characteristics, family history, triggers, smoking history (personal and secondary), and headache-related disability. The survey was placed on a website from October through December 2008. One thousand one hundred thirty-four individuals completed the survey. One hundred thirty-three subjects or 12% of the surveyed population had no personal smoking/tobacco use history and no secondary smoke exposure as an infant/child, thus a nontobacco exposed population. In the nonexposed population, there were 87 males and 46 females with a gender ratio of 1.9:1. Episodic cluster headache occurred in 80% of nonexposed subjects. One thousand and one survey responders or 88% were tobacco-exposed (729 males and 272 females) with a gender ratio of 2.7:1. Eighty-three percent had a personal smoking history, while only 17% just had parents who smoked with secondary smoke exposure. Eighty-five percent of smokers had double exposure with a personal smoking history and secondary exposure as a child. Nonexposed cluster headache subjects are significantly more likely to develop cluster headache at ages 40 years and younger, while the exposed sufferers are significantly more likely to develop cluster headache at 40 years of age and older. Nonexposed patients have a statistically significant higher frequency of a migraine family history. The exposed population is statistically significantly more likely to have a history of head trauma 19% vs the nonexposed population 10% (P = .02). Tobacco exposed are significantly more likely to transition from episodic to chronic cluster headache (23% vs 14%, P = .02). Cranial autonomic symptoms as well as agitation are more common in tobacco exposed. Nonexposed are less likely to have specific cluster headache triggers. Exposed are significantly more likely to be triggered by alcohol. Tobacco exposed are significantly heavier caffeine users than nonexposed. Nonexposed are significantly more likely to have cluster headache cycles that vary throughout the year than exposed (52% vs 40%, P = .02). Exposed are much more likely to develop cluster headache from 12 am to 6 am than non exposed. Exposed experience significantly more frequent attacks per day and longer duration cycles than nonexposed. A significantly larger percent of the exposed population (57%) has suicidal ideations with their syndrome than nonexposed (43%) (P = .003). In regard to disability, both subtypes are disabled by their headaches, but exposed have more work related disability and lost home-days from headache. Both subgroups have a poor overall response to preventive and abortive medication outside of inhaled oxygen and injectable sumatriptan. Cluster headache sufferers who were never exposed to tobacco (personal or secondary as a child) appear to present uniquely compared to the tobacco exposed subgroup. The tobacco exposed clinical phenotype appears to have a more severe syndrome based on attack frequency, cycle duration, and headache related disability. Tobacco exposure is associated with cluster headache chronification. The nonexposed subtype appears to have an earlier age of onset, higher rate of familial migraine, and less circadian periodicity and daytime entrainment, suggesting a possible different underlying pathology than in the tobacco exposed sub-form.

Selected health and lifestyle factors, cytosine-adenine-guanine status, and phenoconversion in Huntington's disease.

In Huntington's disease, 60% of the variance in onset age is not explained by the huntingtin gene mutation. Huntington's disease onset was earlier in caffeine users. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship of lifestyle factors with motor phenoconversion among persons at risk for Huntington's disease. The associations of motor phenoconversion and exposure to selected lifestyle and health factors were examined using Cox proportional hazards analyses adjusted for age, gender, and repeat length. Of 247 participants, 36 (14.6%) phenoconverted. Mean follow-up was 4.2 years. Greater caffeinated soda use was associated with an increased hazard of phenoconversion: moderate use hazard ratio 2.26 (95% confidence interval 0.59-8.71), high use hazard ratio 4.05 (95% confidence interval 1.18-13.96). Huntington's disease onset was earlier among consumers of caffeinated soda, but not other caffeinated beverages. This finding may be spurious or not related to caffeine. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Caffeine Consumption among Zayed University Students in Dubai, United Arab Emirates: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Over the past decade, the global caffeine consumption rate has increased dramatically. Coffee and tea are among the common sources, but energy drinks are becoming an important contributor to total caffeine consumption. Recommendations for daily caffeine intake is not being followed due to the perceived benefits of caffeine which include mood improvement, concentration, social factors, and energy boosting. This study was important to add to the limited data about caffeine consumption in the Gulf region and mainly in the UAE.Objectives: The objectives were to determine the prevalence of caffeinated beverage consumption among university students and perceived benefits in addition to the estimation of daily caffeine consumption (mg/day).Design: Data was collected through a self-reported questionnaire from a total of 175 participants (129 females and 46 males) who were conveniently selected from different settings at Zayed University - Dubai. Usual Caffeine intake was calculated from all caffeine containing beverages. Results: Eighty-six percent of the 175 participants, both males and females, at Zayed University-Dubai consumed caffeinated beverages with an average intake of 249.7±235.9 mg. The intake among the 150 caffeine consumers varied from 4.2 mg/day to 932.2 mg/day. Average intake of caffeine was not significantly different between genders (P=0.125). Thirty-five percent of the population consumed more than 400 mg/day of caffeine, with no statistical difference between males and females (P=0.202). Coffee was the most commonly consumed drink among both genders, followed by tea. Most perceived benefits of caffeine consumption were not significantly different except for the relationship between caffeine and improved exercise performance (P=0.018) and caffeine in relation to weight loss (P=0.001) among males.Conclusion: The prevalence of caffeine consumption at Zayed University was high among both males and females. Further research is necessary to estimate the total caffeine intake from all dietary sources, mainly the cultural foods and beverages, and to determine the relationship between accessibility to caffeine containing beverages and caffeine consumption among University student.

Why Do You Drink Caffeine? The Development of the Motives for Caffeine Consumption Questionnaire (MCCQ) and Its Relationship with Gender, Age and the Types of Caffeinated Beverages

Caffeine is the most popular psychoactive substance that is consumed worldwide. As motives influence behavior, investigation of the motivational background of caffeine consumption should help provide a better understanding of the popularity of caffeinated products. The present study aimed (i) to explore and operationalize the motives of caffeine consumption and (ii) to reveal possible differences in the motives regarding gender, age and the type of caffeinated products consumed. Motives for caffeine consumption were collected from regular caffeine consumers (N = 26) and were informed by a review of the relevant literature. Following this, a cross-sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample of Hungarian university students and working adults (N = 598). The participants completed the Motives for Caffeine Consumption Questionnaire and the Caffeine Consumption Questionnaire. Six motivational factors were identified: Alertness, Habit, Mood, Social, Taste and Symptom Management. Women had higher scores on Habit, Social, Taste and Symptom Management. Younger participants had higher scores on Alertness than the older group, and the older group had higher scores on Habit and Symptom Management. Five types of caffeine users were identified. Those who consumed (i) coffee, (ii) tea, (iii) energy drinks, (iv) coffee and tea and (v) mixed drinks. Several differences between the five groups were revealed across all motives except for Taste. The present study developed a robust psychometric instrument for assessing caffeine consumption motives. The factors varied in importance in relation to gender, age and caffeine consumption habits.

Stair walking is more energizing than low dose caffeine in sleep deprived young women

IntroductionThe acute energizing effect of exercise and caffeine has never been examined in a single study of adults with chronic sleep deprivation but evidence from a study of this type could help individuals choose between these two common alertness-enhancing options. AimThe apriori primary aim of this experiment was to compare the influence of 10-min of low-to-moderate intensity stair walking to the consumption of capsules containing 50mg caffeine or flour (placebo) on feelings of energy in physically active, college female caffeine users with chronic insufficient sleep. Effects on secondary outcomes related to feelings of energy also were assessed. Material-methodA repeated measures crossover experiment was conducted with 18 college women (18–23years) who reported (i) daily caffeine consumption that was not extreme (40–400mg), (ii) typical leisure time physical activity that was not extreme (at least 2 weekly mild 15-min or longer bouts and no >5 strenuous 15-min or longer bouts), and (iii) sleeping <45h per week. Mood states (POMS-BF), focused on energy feelings (vigor), as well as working memory (N-back), sustained attention (CPT), simple reaction time (SRT), and motivation to complete the cognitive tasks were measured before and after a 10-min exercise condition (20min seated rest followed by 10min of low-to-moderate intensity stair walking) and compared to both a caffeine condition (50mg caffeine capsule followed by 30min of seated rest) and a similar flour (placebo) capsule condition. Condition (exercise, caffeine, placebo)×Time (Baseline, Post-1, Post-2, and for mood Post-3) ANCOVAs (controlling for Condition order) tested the hypothesized effects. ResultsCondition×Time interactions showed that stair walking increased POMS-BF vigor at Post-1 compared to both placebo and caffeine. Other interactions were not significant. ConclusionA brief bout of low-to-moderate intensity stair walking has transient energizing effects that exceed a low dose of caffeine for active young women with chronic insufficient sleep.

Association Between Caffeine Consumption During Pregnancy and Postpartum Depression: A Population-Based Study

Background: This study aimed to examine the association between caffeine intake and postpartum depression in a group of Iranian women. Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study was performed on a representative sample of 360 women attending healthcare centers in Ardabil, Iran. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated 106-item dish-based semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Caffeine intake was calculated through considering caffeine from all foods and beverages. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to examine postpartum depression. Women with a score of 13 or more were considered as depressed. Results: Point prevalence of postpartum depression was 34.8 per 100 subjects. After controlling for potential confounders, we observed a significant association between caffeine intake and postpartum depression, controlling for some possible confounding variables (odds ratios [ORs] and corresponding 95% confidence interval [CI] for quartiles 1, 3, and 4 of caffeine intake were 1.8 [.9–3.6], 1.2 [.63–2.4], and 2.1 [1.1–4.1]), respectively. Furthermore, tea consumption was not related to the odds of postpartum depression (ORs and corresponding 95% CI for quartiles 1, 3, and 4 of tea intake were 1.1 [.59–2.2], 1.1 [.6–2.1], and 1.2 [.63–2.3]), respectively. The second quartile was considered as the reference group. Conclusion: No significant association was observed between caffeine or tea intake and odds of postpartum depression except for last quartile of caffeine in an adjusted model. Further investigations are needed to determine whether usual caffeine consumption can contribute to the risk of postpartum depression.

Neuropsychological Effects of Caffeine: Is Caffeine Addictive?

Caffeine is the most widely used psychotropic drug in the world. Most of the caffeine consumed comes from coffee bean (i.e., a misnomer for the seed of Coffee plants), beverages (i.e., coffee, tea, soft drinks), in products containing cocoa or chocolate and in medications (i.e., analgesics, stimulants, weight-loss products, sports nutrition). The most prominent behavioral effects of caffeine take place over low to moderate doses are amplified alertness and attention. Moderate caffeine consumption leads very rarely to health risks. Higher doses of caffeine encourage negative effects such as anxiety, insomnia, restlessness and tachycardia. The habitual use of caffeine causes physical dependence that displays as caffeine withdrawal symptoms that harm normal functioning. Contrariwise, rarely high doses of caffeine can encourage psychotic and manic symptoms usually, sleep disturbances and anxiety. Even though caffeine does not engender life-threatening health difficulties frequently related to the utilization of drugs of addiction, for example amphetamine, cocaine and heroin, an incrementing number of clinical studies are exhibiting that some caffeine users become dependent on the drug and are unable to reduce consumption despite knowledge of recurrent health complications linked to constant use. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), includes caffeine addiction and withdrawal as mental disorders. The World Health Organization (WHO) identifies caffeine dependence as a clinical disorder. Furthermore, diagnosis process of caffeine dependence syndrome is accepted by International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision (ICD-10). Therefore the intention of this study was to analyze the neuropsychological effects of caffeine and try to assess in which respect caffeine could be considered a potential drug of addiction.

Brain-Choroid Plexus Chemistry Changes Linkable to Caffeine Ingestion and Accompanying Short-Term Memory Disturbances in Experimental Models

A number of literatures have reported that caffeine could have negative effects on mental health and brain structures and chemistry. There are also reported positive effects of caffeine, such as improvement in memory, especially for those who consume caffeine from its natural sources. Sixty male juvenile Wistar rats were grouped into six (6) groups of 10 rats in each. The groups were labeled A-F with group A being the control group and groups B, C, D, E, and F being the treated groups. This investigation complements our previous efforts to study the effects of caffeine on the choroid plexus microscopic structure, which is involved in the production of the cerebrospinal fluids. Caffeine alters the activities of key enzymes that are associated with the production of CSF. This showed that the structural changes have observable alterations of the brain chemistry. Also, memory, a major attribute of mental power was tested in the same models; results showed that caffeine affected the short term memories. The effects of caffeine was studied in models that ingested caffeine solely and in other modeled after human use by consuming it with honey, a natural antioxidant rich sweetener. In this study, it was observed that the long-term consumption and high amount of caffeine increased the expression of carbonic anhydrase enzyme in the choroid plexus, this enzyme plays a major role in the production of CSF. In the caffeine-treated rats, there was also increased expression of Na+/K+-ATPase which may be associated with changes in the choroid epithelial cells. Honey improved the glutathione peroxidase level. Results showed the use of caffeine with honey had positive effects against the observed effects caused by ingestion of caffeine only. This also showed that caffeine use effects would vary in users of pure caffeine as mere drugs; and habitual consumers as beverages. Generally, evidences lead us to conclude that alterations in enzymes activities are associated with choroid plexus changes that could affect CSF production. These effects are also associated with behavioural changes.

Testing the Go/NoGo processing schema for children with caffeine

Event Abstract Back to Event Testing the Go/NoGo processing schema for children with caffeine Robert J. Barry1* and Frances M. De Blasio1 1 University of Wollongong, School of Psychology, Australia Aims: We recently developed a processing schema to describe the cognitive stages in the equiprobable auditory Go/NoGo task. Based on the PCA-derived ERP components observed in young adults, this has been used in a range of studies, and gradually extended to older and younger groups. A separate schema was developed for children, and recently updated using improved methodology involving separate Go and NoGo PCAs. Here we test the appropriate segregation of components in the separate Go and NoGo processing streams using caffeine’s stimulant properties; processing-specific components in each stream should be amplified by caffeine. Methods: Twenty-four children, aged 8-12 years and light-moderate caffeine users, participated in two sessions 1 week apart. A single oral dose of caffeine (80 mg) was presented in a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled repeated-measures cross-over design. Each session included 4 blocks of 150 tones; half were 1000 Hz, half were 1500 Hz, presented in random order, with the target tone balanced over subjects/sessions. EEG was recorded at 512 Hz from 19 scalp sites. Artefact-free Go and NoGo trials were separately averaged to form ERPs (-100 to + 750 ms) for the Caffeine and Placebo sessions, and each dataset was subjected to temporal PCA using covariance input, with extraction and Varimax rotation of all components. Results: Components extracted in Caffeine and Placebo matched those expected from the updated Child Processing Schema. Caffeine enhanced the Go Processing Negativity (PN), N2c, and P3b components. In NoGo, the PN and N2b components were enhanced. These caffeine amplifications match expectations of PN marking the end of stimulus categorisation, and the subsequent separate Go (N2c, P3b) and NoGo (N2b) processing streams. Conclusions: The amplifying/arousal properties of caffeine have confirmed the appropriateness of the major elements in our Processing Schema for children in this task. Keywords: Children, Caffeine, ERPs, Go NoGo task, Temporal PCA, Processing Schema Conference: ASP2017: 27th Annual Meeting for the Australasian Society for Psychophysiology, Parramatta, Australia, 29 Nov - 1 Dec, 2017. Presentation Type: Oral Presentation Topic: Abstract (General) Citation: Barry RJ and De Blasio FM (2019). Testing the Go/NoGo processing schema for children with caffeine. Conference Abstract: ASP2017: 27th Annual Meeting for the Australasian Society for Psychophysiology. doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2017.224.00039 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 28 Sep 2017; Published Online: 25 Jan 2019. * Correspondence: Prof. Robert J Barry, University of Wollongong, School of Psychology, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia, rbarry@uow.edu.au Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Robert J Barry Frances M De Blasio Google Robert J Barry Frances M De Blasio Google Scholar Robert J Barry Frances M De Blasio PubMed Robert J Barry Frances M De Blasio Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.