Caffeine Intake Research Articles

Exploring the link between physicians’ caffeine use disorders with sleep quality and professional burnout: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe objective of this research was to examine how caffeine use disorder among physicians across different specialties relates to both sleep quality and professional burnout.MethodsThis research represents a single-center, prospective, cross-sectional study involving 240 physicians meeting inclusion criteria and working within a training and research hospital. Participants were enrolled in the study after obtaining informed consent. A web-based survey methodology was employed, administering a participant information form crafted following an exhaustive literature review, alongside assessments utilizing the Caffeine Use Disorder Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. A significance level of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsIn our study, participants had a median age of 30.0 years, and 60% reported poor sleep quality. A positive and statistically significant relationship (rho=0.148, p = 0.022) was found between the Caffeine Use Disorder Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores. In the generalized linear model analysis, setting the Caffeine Use Disorder Questionnaire score as the dependent variable, statistically significant contributions were observed for gender (women), daily total caffeine intake, and Maslach-depersonalization score variables (p = 0.012, p < 0.001, 0.035, respectively).ConclusionsHigher levels of caffeine use disorder have been observed among women, smokers, and individuals with increased caffeine intake. Notably, an increase in professional depersonalization is associated with a rise in caffeine use disorder. Studying physicians’ professional depersonalization could aid in addressing caffeine use disorders. Additionally, exploring the caffeine consumption patterns of healthcare professionals displaying depersonalization towards patients’ needs is also worthwhile.

Association of caffeine consumption with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: A BALTAZAR cohort study.

We investigated the link between habitual caffeine intake with memory impairments and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. MCI (N=147) and AD (N=116) patients of the Biomarker of AmyLoid pepTide and AlZheimer's diseAse Risk (BALTAZAR) cohort reported their caffeine intake at inclusion using a dedicated survey. Associations of caffeine consumption with memory impairments and CSF biomarkers (tau, p-tau181, amyloid beta 1-42 [Aβ1-42], Aβ1-40) were analyzed using logistic and analysis of covariance models. Adjusted on Apolipoprotein E (APOE ε4), age, sex, education level, and tobacco, lower caffeine consumption was associated with higher risk to be amnestic (OR: 2.49 [95% CI: 1.13 to 5.46]; p=0.023) and lower CSF Aβ1-42 (p=0.047), Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 (p=0.040), and Aβ1-42/p-tau181 (p=0.020) in the whole cohort. Data support the beneficial effect of caffeine consumption to memory impairments and CSF amyloid markers in MCI and AD patients. We studied the impact of caffeine consumption in the BALTAZAR cohort. Low caffeine intake is associated with higher risk of being amnestic in MCI/AD patients. Caffeine intake is associated with CSF biomarkers in AD patients.

Caffeine Intake and Anxiety in College Students

Abstract Date Presented 03/22/24 Of the college students surveyed, most believed caffeine use is beneficial. The data showed users have increased anxiety levels compared to non-caffeine users (p=.042). Addressing caffeine use in mental health prevention and treatment is essential. Primary Author and Speaker: Jordan Fitzgerald Additional Authors and Speakers: Ellen Altenhoff, Barbra Katerberg

Caffeine Abstinence in Habituated Users: Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise With Blood Flow Restriction.

Blood flow restriction resistance exercise studies often require caffeine abstinence to avoid cardiovascular effects that could change the blood flow restriction stimulus. However, effects may be attenuated for habituated users. To compare cardiovascular responses to blood flow restriction resistance exercise when habituated users consume or abstain from caffeine. Thirty participants completed a 3-visit within-subject study beginning with familiarization and caffeine intake questionnaire. Visits 2 and 3 consisted of blood flow restriction resistance exercise (3 sets bicep curls to failure, 30% 1-repetition max, 40% arterial occlusion pressure [AOP]), following participants' normal caffeine consumption (CAFF) or abstaining (ABS). AOP, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and heart rate were measured preexercise and postexercise. Prevalues and preexercise to postexercise change scores for SBP, DBP, AOP (all millimeters of mercury), heart rate (in beats per minute), and repetitions were compared between conditions. Results are represented as mean (SD). Preexercise AOP was similar for CAFF (137.8 [14.4]) and ABS (137.1 [14.9], BF10 = 0.2), although pre-SBP was higher for CAFF (115.4 [9.8]) than ABS (112.3 [9.4], BF10 = 1.9). Pre-DBP was similar between conditions. The exercise-induced change in AOP was greater for CAFF (18.4 [11.2]) than ABS (13.2 [14.9]), though evidence was anecdotal (BF10 = 0.7). Exercise-induced changes in SBP, DBP, and heart rate were similar between conditions (all BF10 ≤ 0.40). More repetitions were completed for CAFF (63 [26]) than ABS (57 [17], BF10 = 2.1). The findings of this study suggest that for habituated users, maintaining daily caffeine habits will not have substantial effects on common cardiovascular variables relevant to blood flow restriction.

Impact of Nutrition Interventions on Vitamin and Mineral Intake among Native American Children and Parents: Insights from Food Resource Equity for Sustainable Health (FRESH) Study.

The Food Resource Equity for Sustainable Health (FRESH) study started as a tribe community-based nutrition education program in 2018, implemented with children and parents in Osage Nation. The purpose of the FRESH study is to examine the effects of a farm-to-school family intervention on diet. The FRESH study did not directly intervene on adult caregiver participants' diet, and, as far as we know, it is the first of its kind to implement a farm-to-school intervention in rural/tribally owned Early Childhood Education. Two communities received intervention and two served as wait-list controls. Outcomes included diet and other secondary health outcomes including vitamin and mineral intake. There were 193 children (n = 106 intervention; n = 87 control) and 170 adults (n = 93 intervention; n = 77 control) enrolled. Among adult caregiver participants, carbohydrate, cholesterol, and caffeine intake significantly decreased after the intervention (p < 0.05). There is a hidden hunger issue among caregivers in Native American populations. The family-based nutritional intervention, which includes educational components for caregivers, might have some effect on improving micronutrient status. Future studies focusing on key micronutrients through efficient methods are warranted.

Frequency and Amount of Caffeine Consumption and Its Effects on Sleep Quality Among the General Population in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia, in 2024.

Caffeine is a commonly consumed psychoactive substance with potential effects on sleep quality. However, few studies have examined this relationship in the general population of Makkah, Saudi Arabia. To investigate the impact of caffeine consumption on sleep quality and identify demographic factors associated with caffeine intake and sleep quality in Makkah's general population. This cross-sectional study used a convenient sampling approach to recruit 390 individuals residing in Makkah. Data were collected via a Google Forms questionnaire distributed through various social media platforms. Caffeine intake and sleep quality were assessed using a validated questionnaire adapted for Saudi Arabia and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively. The median total daily caffeine intake was 324.20 mg, with 43.1% of participants consuming more than the suggested cutoff of 400 mg daily. There were significant positive correlations between PSQI and total caffeine consumption in the morning, evening, and overall daily consumption. The results also indicated significant relationships between demographic factors, such as marital status, educational level, income, and BMI groups, and caffeine consumption. Caffeine intake was found to be high among the general population of Makkah, with a significant portion consuming more than the suggested daily limit. There was a significant positive correlation between caffeine consumption and poor sleep quality. Additionally, demographic factors such as marital status, educational level, income, and BMI groups were found to be associated with caffeine consumption.

Influence of Carbohydrate Intake on Caprylic Acid (C8:0)-Induced Ketogenesis-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The ketogenic diet is used worldwide to treat various diseases, especially drug-resistant epilepsies. Medium-chain triglycerides or medium-chain fatty acids, primarily the major ketogenic compound caprylic acid (C8; C8:0), can significantly support ketogenesis. This review examines the effects of concurrent carbohydrate intake on C8-induced ketogenesis. A systematic literature search (PubMed and Web of Science) with subsequent data extraction was performed according to PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook. Studies investigating the metabolic response to C8-containing MCT interventions with carbohydrate intake were included. The studies did not include a ketogenic diet. Three intervention groups were created. The quality of the studies was assessed using the RoB II tool, and the meta-analysis was performed using the Cochrane RevMan software. A total of 7 trials, including 4 RCTs, met the inclusion criteria. Ketone production was lower when C8 was combined with carbohydrates compared to MCT intake alone. The lower C8 dose group (11 g) did not show a significantly lower ketogenic effect than the higher dose group (19 g). Forest plot analysis showed heterogeneous data. The data suggest a non-linear relationship between C8, carbohydrate intake and ketone production. Further studies are needed to investigate the influence of different carbohydrates on C8-induced ketogenesis. Limitations include heterogeneous intervention conditions, such as different types of dispersions, caffeine intake, limited number of studies and variability in study design.

Association of caffeine intake with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in diabetes and prediabetes

BackgroudThe association between caffeine intake and mortality in prediabetes and diabetes is not well defined. This study was designed to investigate the association between caffeine intake and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in adults with prediabetes and diabetes in the United States.MethodsThis analysis included 18,914 adult patients with diabetes and prediabetes from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2018. Follow-up extended to December 31, 2019. Weighted Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all-cause mortality and CVD mortality.ResultsDuring 142,460 person-years of follow-up, there were 3,166 cases of all-cause mortality and 1,031 cases of CVD mortality recorded. In the fully adjusted models, caffeine intake showed a significant dose-response association with the risk of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality in individuals with diabetes and prediabetes. When comparing extreme quartiles of caffeine intake, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for all-cause mortality was 0.78 (0.67–0.91) (P for trend = 0.007); however, there was no significant association with the risk of CVD mortality. Results remained consistent in stratified analyses by sex, age, race/ethnicity, education level, family income-poverty ratio, BMI, hypertension, smoking status, alcohol intake, and HEI-2015.ConclusionsThis study suggests that caffeine intake is significantly inversely associated with the risk of all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes and prediabetes. In individuals with prediabetes, there is also a significant inverse association between caffeine intake and CVD events, but this association is not present in those with diabetes.Graphical

Association between caffeine intake from foods and beverages in the diet and hearing loss in United States adults.

Hearing loss (HL) is the third most prevalent condition, significantly affecting individuals and society. Recent research has explored the potential impact of nutrition, particularly caffeine intake, on HL. While some studies focus on coffee, caffeine intake should be assessed across all dietary sources. This study examines the association between dietary caffeine intake and HL. Our cross-sectional study included 6,082 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants were divided into two groups based on their median caffeine intake: low and high. The study investigated two types of HL: speech-frequency hearing loss (SFHL) and high-frequency hearing loss (HFHL). Binary logistic regression analyzed the correlation between caffeine intake and HL, and a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model assessed potential non-linear associations. Subgroup analyses were also conducted. High caffeine intake was associated with significantly higher rates of SFHL and HFHL compared to low intake (SFHL: 15.4% vs. 10%, HFHL: 30.5% vs. 20.6%, both p < 0.001). Unadjusted logistic regression showed a higher likelihood of SFHL (OR[95%CI] = 1.65[1.41-1.92]) and HFHL (OR[95%CI] = 1.69[1.50-1.90]) in high caffeine consumers. After adjusting for confounders, high caffeine intake remained significantly associated with SFHL (OR[95%CI] = 1.35[1.09-1.66]) but not HFHL (OR[95%CI] = 1.14[0.96-1.35]). The RCS model indicated a linear increase in the risk of SFHL and HFHL with higher caffeine intake (non-linear p = 0.229 for SFHL, p = 0.894 for HFHL). Subgroup analysis revealed that increased caffeine intake was linked to higher SFHL and HFHL risks in participants under 65 years but not in those 65 years and older (SFHL: p for interaction = 0.002; HFHL: p for interaction <0.001). Our study indicates a strong correlation between dietary caffeine intake and the risk of HL in American adults, particularly those under 65. High caffeine intake was linked to an increased risk of SFHL, but not HFHL, after adjusting for relevant variables.

Evaluation of the Caffeine Content in Servings of Popular Coffees in Terms of Its Safe Intake-Can We Drink 3-5 Cups of Coffee per Day, as Experts Advise?

The spreading knowledge of the health benefits of coffee and the development of gastronomy with a wide range of coffees prompt an evaluation of their caffeine content in terms of safe intake. The study analyzed the caffeine content of popular coffees in comparison with recommendations for a safe single dose (200 mg) and daily caffeine intake (400 mg), and guidelines for drinking 3-5 cups of coffee per day. A total of 299 coffee samples from franchise shops and homemade coffees were tested. The "takeaway" coffees had a three times higher mean caffeine content (p < 0.005) compared to homemade coffees. Americano coffee was the "strongest" (143 mg caffeine/serving on average), while coffee prepared by pouring hot water over one teaspoon of ground coffee was the "lightest" (23 mg caffeine/serving on average) (p < 0.05). Over 200 mg of caffeine per serving was found in 4% of samples. Over 400 mg of caffeine would be consumed by people drinking "on the go" 4-5 servings of many types of coffee, except espresso. In this respect, homemade coffees are safer. Therefore, recommendations on drinking coffee should be more practical, and indicate not only the number of cups, but also the "strength" of various types of coffee, in order to avoid the regular intake of high amounts of caffeine.

Pre-diagnosis tea and coffee consumption and survival after a diagnosis of ovarian cancer: results from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium

BackgroundTea and coffee are the most frequently consumed beverages in the world. Green tea in particular contains compounds with potential anti-cancer effects, but its association with survival after ovarian cancer is uncertain.MethodsWe investigated the associations between tea and coffee consumption before diagnosis and survival using data from 10 studies in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium. Data on tea (green, black, herbal), coffee and caffeine intake were available for up to 5724 women. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsCompared with women who did not drink any green tea, consumption of one or more cups/day was associated with better overall survival (aHR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.71–1.00, p-trend = 0.04). A similar association was seen for ovarian cancer-specific survival in five studies with this information (aHR = 0.81, 0.66–0.99, p-trend = 0.045). There was no consistent variation between subgroups defined by clinical or lifestyle characteristics and adjustment for other aspects of lifestyle did not appreciably alter the estimates. We found no evidence of an association between coffee, black or herbal tea, or caffeine intake and survival.ConclusionThe observed association with green tea consumption before diagnosis raises the possibility that consumption after diagnosis might improve patient outcomes.

Effect of caffeine intake on self-reported and genetic prediction of osteoarthritis: an epidemiological study and Mendelian randomization analysis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) holds the distinction of being the most widespread musculoskeletal disorder. Any disruptions in the integrity of the articular cartilage can result in joint malfunction, discomfort, and impaired physical functioning. Increasing evidence indicates the negative impacts of caffeine intake on hyaline cartilage. The primary objective of this study was to delve deeper into understanding the potential link between the consumption of caffeine and the risk of developing OA. In this study, we constructed logistic regression models to evaluate the correlation between caffeine consumption and the risk of osteoarthritis using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Following that, we utilized genome-wide association studies to conduct a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis investigating the association between coffee consumption and the likelihood of developing knee OA. We employed various statistical methods, including inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, weighted mode, simple mode, and MR-Egger regression, to ensure comprehensive analysis and robust conclusions. To evaluate heterogeneity and the potential impact of pleiotropy, we conducted several statistical tests, including Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier test (MR-PRESSO), and MR Steiger test. The weighted multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the relationship between high caffeine intake (95-206 and ≥206 mg/day) and OA prevalence remained significantly high even after adjusting for covariates using the lowest caffeine intake (< 11 mg/day) as reference: Model 1-OR (95% Cl) = 1.365 (1.18-1.58) and 1.59 (1.38-1.83); Model 2-OR (95% Cl) = 1.21 (1.04-1.42) and 1.44 (1.23-1.68); and Model 3-OR (95% Cl) = 1.19 (1.01-1.40) and 1.30 (1.10-1.52), respectively (p < 0.05). The findings from the fixed effects inverse variance weighted (IVW) analysis revealed a statistically significant link between coffee intake and the likelihood of developing knee osteoarthritis: OR = 1.94; 95% confidence interval (Cl) =1.471-2.517; (p < 0.001). Consistent findings were obtained across various other methods, including MR-Egger regression, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode analyses. Our study showed a positive correlation between OA prevalence and high caffeine intake (≥95 mg/day).

Threshold effects between caffeine intake and urine flow rate: a population-based cross-sectional study.

The potential benefits of caffeine intake are currently receiving much attention and exploration. Urine flow rate (UFR) is an objective index to comprehensively reflect bladder function. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between caffeine intake and UFR using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. 14,142 participants were enrolled in this study. Weighted multivariate adjusted regression models were used to explore the relationship between caffeine intake and UFR. The dose-response relationships were explored using a restricted cubic spline (RCS) and a threshold effect analysis was conducted based on the inflection points identified by the two-segment linear regression model. In addition, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were applied. The findings suggested that the intake of caffeine was correlated with improved UFR [Model 3: 0.091 (0.057, 0.126), P value < 0.001]. In addition, the RCS supported a nonlinear relationship between them. The analysis of threshold effect further revealed a specific level of caffeine intake (34.51mg/day) that exhibited a significant enhancement in UFR. Finally, through re-analyzing the data set obtained after multiple imputation (MI), we obtained similar results. This study found a nonlinear beneficial relationship between caffeine intake and UFR, and revealed the recommended intake of caffeine. The values varied by gender, race, education, and smoking status.

Influence of the CYP1A2 c.-163A > C polymorphism in the effect of caffeine on fat oxidation during exercise: a pilot randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial.

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the CYP1A2 c.-163A > C (rs762551) polymorphism on the effect of oral caffeine intake on fat oxidation during exercise. Using a pilot randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial, 32 young and healthy individuals (women = 14, men = 18) performed an incremental test on a cycle ergometer with 3-min stages at workloads from 30 to 70% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Participants performed this test after the ingestion of (a) placebo; (b) 3mg/kg of caffeine; (c) 6mg/kg of caffeine. Fat oxidation rate during exercise was measured by indirect calorimetry. The influence of the CYP1A2 c.-163A > C polymorphism in the effect of caffeine on fat oxidation rates during exercise was established with a three-way ANOVA (substance × genotype × intensity). Eight participants were genotyped as AA, 18 participants were CA heterozygotes, and 6 participants were CC. There was a main effect of substance (F = 3.348, p = 0.050) on fat oxidation rates during exercise with no genotype effect (F = 0.158, p = 0.959). The post hoc analysis revealed that, in comparison to the placebo, 3 and 6mg/kg of caffeine increased fat oxidation at 40-50% VO2max in AA (all p < 0.050) and 50-60% VO2max in CA and CC participants (all p < 0.050). Oral intake of 3 and 6mg/kg of caffeine increased fat oxidation rate during aerobic exercise in individuals with AA, CA and CC genotypes. This suggests that the effect of caffeine to enhance fat oxidation during exercise is not influenced by the CYP1A2 c.-163A > C polymorphism. The study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov with ID: NCT05975489.

Effect of Music Listening on Neurocognition, Stress, and Performance in Neurosurgeons During Microsurgery

BackgroundStress in surgeons is well-known for its negative impact on neurocognition and surgical performance. Surgeons commonly use music for stress reduction, but its specific effects on neurosurgeons remain unclear. This study aims to investigate how listening to music during microsurgery affects neurocognitive functions, subjective anxiety, and stress levels in neurosurgeons. MethodConducted in two phases, the pilot phase involved 23 neurosurgeons completing a survey and rating compositions based on ragas of North Indian/Hindustani classical music for suitability during surgery. Five excerpts were selected for the main phase, which involved three neurosurgeons performing 16 surgeries, eight with and eight without music. Data collection included pre-surgery assessments of sleep, caffeine intake, subjective stress levels, perceived complexity of the surgery that was to be performed, and neurocognitive tasks. Post-surgery subjective stress levels, actual complexity, and surgeon experiences with music were recorded. ResultsWhile there was a trend toward reduced stress and perceived complexity with music, statistical significance was not reached. Neurocognitive tasks showed non-significant improvement with music, with a significant (at p < 0.001) speed-accuracy trade-off noted in response inhibition. ConclusionMusic appears to reduce subjective stress and task complexity, influencing neurocognition, particularly through speed-accuracy trade-offs. Further research is needed to understand its mechanisms and appropriate contexts for use before widespread recommendation.

Acute Effects of Caffeine Ingestion on Postural Balance, Functional Capacity and Cognitive Function in Patients with End Stage Renal Disease.

Patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) display many cognitive and physiological alterations resulting from renal failure and physical inactivity. Caffeine intake has been reported to improve cognitive/physical performance in several studies. However, whether the benefits of caffeine intake apply to patients with ESRD remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of caffeine intake on postural balance, cognitive function and functional capacity in patients with ESRD. In a randomized order, 12 patients with ESRD (age: 33.85 ± 8.57 years; Female: 45.5%) performed a battery of tests after either caffeine (CF) (400 mg) or placebo (PLA) ingestion. Postural balance was evaluated using a stabilometric platform. Functional capacity was assessed with the sit-to-stand and up-and-go tests, and for cognitive performances, reaction time test and a vigilance test were used. Results showed a significant improvement in up-and-go test (p = 0.01) and sit-to-stand test performances with CF compared to PLA (p < 0.01). Time of reaction test and vigilance test (p < 0.01) performances were significantly higher with CF. No significant difference was observed in postural balance between CF and PLA. The results of this study suggest that acute caffeine ingestion positively enhances cognitive function and functional capacity in patients with ESRD.

Effects of Different Caffeine Dosages on Maximal Physical Performance and Potential Side Effects in Low-Consumer Female Athletes: Morning vs. Evening Administration.

While previous studies have explored a range of factors governing the optimal use of caffeine (CAF) in athletes, limited research has explored how time of day (TOD) affects the ergogenic effects of various CAF dosages on physical performance. This study aimed to increase knowledge about how different recommended CAF doses (3 mg/kg vs. 6 mg/kg) ingested at different TODs affected maximal high-intensity physical performance and the perception of potential side effects in female athletes. In this double-blind, randomized, and counterbalanced study, 15 low CAF consumer athletes (aged 18.3 ± 0.5 y) underwent six trials, including three testing conditions assessed across two TODs: one in the morning (08:00 a.m.) and one in the evening (06:00 p.m.). During each condition, the participants ingested either a placebo, 3 mg/kg CAF (CAF (3 mg)), or 6 mg/kg CAF (CAF (6 mg)) capsules 60 min before each test with an in-between washout period of at least 72 h. In each trial, the participants performed a countermovement jumps test (CMJ), a modified agility t test (MATT), a repeated sprint ability (RSA), a rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and finally, a CAF side effects questionnaire. Our findings indicate the absence of an ergogenic effect on CMJ, MAT, and RSA performance in the evening after administering CAF (3 mg) or CAF (6 mg) compared to a placebo. Likewise, when CAF was ingested in the morning, there was an improvement in these performances with both CAF (3 mg) and CAF (6 mg), with greater improvement observed after CAF (6 mg). Additionally, neither the CAF dosage nor the TOD had a significant effect on the RPE. The occurrence of side effects increased significantly after the evening ingestion of CAF, particularly with a moderate dose of CAF (6 mg). Our findings indicate that the effectiveness of CAF depends on the TOD and CAF dosage. When ingested in the morning, a moderate dose of CAF (6 mg), rather than CAF (3 mg), is more effective in improving short-term physical performance without affecting CAF side effects in female athletes. Nevertheless, when ingested in the evening, neither dose was sufficient to enhance short-term physical performance, and both dosages increased the incidence of CAF side effects, particularly at a moderate dose.

Caffeine consumption outcomes on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disease progression and cognition

Caffeine consumption outcomes on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) including progression, survival and cognition remain poorly defined and may depend on its metabolization influenced by genetic variants. 378 ALS patients with a precise evaluation of their regular caffeine consumption were monitored as part of a prospective multicenter study. Demographic, clinical characteristics, functional disability as measured with revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R), cognitive deficits measured using Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS), survival and riluzole treatment were recorded. 282 patients were genotyped for six single nucleotide polymorphisms tagging different genes involved in caffeine intake and/or metabolism: CYP1A1 (rs2472297), CYP1A2 (rs762551), AHR (rs4410790), POR (rs17685), XDH (rs206860) and ADORA2A (rs5751876) genes. Association between caffeine consumption and ALSFRS-R, ALSFRS-R rate, ECAS and survival were statistically analyzed to determine the outcome of regular caffeine consumption on ALS disease progression and cognition. No association was observed between caffeine consumption and survival (p = 0.25), functional disability (ALSFRS-R; p = 0.27) or progression of ALS (p = 0.076). However, a significant association was found with higher caffeine consumption and better cognitive performance on ECAS scores in patients carrying the C/T and T/T genotypes at rs2472297 (p-het = 0.004). Our results support the safety of regular caffeine consumption on ALS disease progression and survival and also show its beneficial impact on cognitive performance in patients carrying the minor allele T of rs2472297, considered as fast metabolizers, that would set the ground for a new pharmacogenetic therapeutic strategy.

Moderate-dose caffeine enhances anaerobic performance without altering hydration status.

The effects of direct nutritional supplements on athletic performance are still being investigated and arouse curiosity. Only one study in the literature was found that investigated the kicking speed performance of futsal players following low-dose caffeine supplementation (3 mg/kg); thus, the question of whether caffeine supplementation improves kicking speed as well as essential physical parameters in soccer players is still controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of caffeine supplementation on vertical jump (VJ), sprint, reaction time, balance, change of direction (COD), and ball-kicking speed in soccer players. In a double-blind, cross-over design, nine moderately trained male soccer players (21.11 ± 2.02 years, 171.22 ± 6.14 cm, 71.78 ± 10.02 kg) consumed caffeine (6 mg/kg) or a placebo 60 min before completing balance, reaction time, vertical jump, agility, 30 m sprint, and ball-kicking speed tests. Greater VJ height (p = 0.01) and power (p = 0.08), and faster completion time according to the Illinois Agility Test (p = 0.08) were found following caffeine supplementation compared to placebo. Elapsed time (p = 0.01), average (p = 0.01) time, and the slowest reaction times (p = 0.016) were significantly reduced after caffeine consumption compared to placebo supplementation. Caffeine intake significantly improved VJ, agility, and reaction time (p < 0.05) but did not affect 30 m sprint, ball-kicking speed, balance, and RPE values in soccer players (p > 0.05). Although non-significant, caffeine intake also improved sprint (0.67%) and ball kicking (2.7%) performance percentages. Also, caffeine consumption did not induce dehydration, and the athletes' body hydration levels were normal. These findings support the use of caffeine supplementation as an effective nutritional ergogenic aid to enhance anaerobic performance, at least for vertical jumps, COD speed, and reaction time, in trained male soccer players.

Risk Factors of Cognitive Impairment in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract Background Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated neuro-inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease. It affects mostly young adults between 20 and 40 years of age and women about 2–3 times more often than men. Disease severity and prognosis are hard to predict, different disease courses are observed in patients. It is the second most common cause of disability in young adults, and it is one of the costliest chronic diseases. Aim of the Study Our study aims to Asses risk factors affecting cognitive impairment (CI) in MS patients, focusing on risk factors including; Body Mass Index (BMI), Vitamin D level, Smoking and Alcohol and Physical activity. Patients and Methods It is a cross-sectional study carried on 50 patients with definite MS from MS unit at Ain-Shams University with inclusion and exclusion criteria was conducted, where the subjects were assessed regarding their basic demographic data, Body Mass Index (BMI), Vitamin D level, Smoking and Alcohol and Physical activity and correlated these data with their cognitive function where patients were classified to cognitive impaired or cognitive preserved using SDMT scale. Results Patients’ weight, height and BMI showed no significant correlation with the cognitive impairment assessed by SDMT. There was no significant correlation between cognitive impairment assessed by SDMT and smoking, Alcohol intake, BMI, vitamin D level, caffeine intake past or current physical activity. Our study showed a significant correlation between the cognitive impairment and the type of treatment of MS, where patients on 1st line DMD showed the majority of Cognitively preserved patients; 15 out of 18 patients with a percentage of 83.3 % while patients on 2nd line DMD showed the majority of Cognitively impaired patients, 17 patients with a percentage of 53.1 %. And thus could be related to disease progression not type of treatment itself as patients who are on 2nd line DMD are mostly the most progressive. Conclusion Cognitive affection of MS could be part of disease progression itself and not related to risk factors. This exploratory study underscores the complexity of physiopathological mechanisms underlying CI in MS and provides a few clues to further research in this area.