Cadmium adsorption-desorption synergy drives spatial heterogeneity of grain cadmium enrichment in a subtropical limestone paddy region.

Analysis of cadmium sources in surface soil in typical karst regions: Anthropogenic input contribution and atmospheric transport impact.

A multi-index appraisal and pollution risks of cadmium enrichment and corrosivity in the cretaceous Abeokuta formation, Ayetoro, Nigeria

Cadmium enrichment and its significance in sphalerite from Baoshantao Pb-Zn deposit, Tongling district, Eastern China

Cadmium enrichment influences cell wall properties and leaching resistance of tension and opposite wood in poplar

Subsurface drainage enhances the cadmium enrichment efficiency of flax-sesame crop rotation by inhibiting the immobilization effect of iron oxides.

Peri-urban vegetable growing areas are vital for food security but are increasingly threatened by contamination from nearby industrial sites. This study examined potentially toxic element spatial distribution, bioaccumulation, and associated ecological-health risks in vegetables cultivated with wastewater-irrigated soil for over 30years in southern Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 540 samples of drinking water, soil, and vegetables were collected from three sectors (X, Y, and Z) for comparative analysis. Potentially toxic elements were assessed using spectrophotometry. The results of soil analyses revealed that the mean concentration of manganese in three sectors were 271.02mg/Kg, iron were 211.67mg/Kg as the predominant contaminant, followed by nickel 67.08mg/Kg, lead 63.50mg/Kg, chromium 50.83mg/Kg, copper 30.02mg/Kg, zinc 26.67mg/Kg and arsenic 17.18mg/Kg. Statistically significant (P < 0.001) differences in soil metal concentrations across the three sectors were noted. Vegetables showed elevated levels of chromium, cadmium, arsenic, and manganese with significant variations in metal uptake among sectors. Cadmium exhibited the highest ecological risk index, and the pollution load index indicated progressive soil contamination. Sector X had the highest cadmium enrichment factor. Health risk assessment revealed significantly elevated average daily doses for chromium and lead in two sectors. Soil analyses revealed iron as the predominant contaminant, followed by lead, cadmium, arsenic, nickel, zinc, manganese, and chromium. Statistically significant differences in soil metal concentrations across sectors were noted. These findings highlight the urgent need for interventions to mitigate potentially toxic element contamination in peri-urban agriculture.

By examining the differences in cadmium (Cd) enrichment capacity among various vegetable species, this study assessed the health risks associated with consuming the edible parts of vegetables under different levels of soil Cd contamination in the Chengdu Plain. Based on these assessments, corresponding vegetable-soil Cd safety thresholds were established. Five commonly cultivated vegetable species-Lactuca sativa var. longifolia f. Lam. (Romaine lettuce), Lactuca sativa var. ramosa Hort. (cos lettuce), Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino var. communis Tsen et Lee (pak choi), Raphanus sativus L. (radish), and Lactuca sativa var. angustata (lettuce)-were selected as research subjects to compare and analyze their Cd enrichment capacity across different soil Cd contamination levels (0.13, 0.20, 0.32, 0.73, and 1.02mgkg-1). Additionally, potential food safety concerns and health risks associated with Cd accumulation in vegetables were evaluated using the Hazard Quotient (HQi) criterion in human health risk assessment. The potential food safety and health risks associated with cadmium (Cd) contamination in vegetables were evaluated using the Hazard Quotient (HQi) criterion, and corresponding Cd safety thresholds for vegetable-growing soils were established. Health risk assessments based on dietary intake indicated that lettuce posed a higher risk than the other four vegetable species, and children were more vulnerable to Cd exposure than adults when consuming the same amount of vegetables. The Cd enrichment capacity of lettuce was significantly higher than that of Romaine lettuce, cos lettuce, pak choi, and radish (n = 5, P < 0.05). For the Chengdu Plain, the soil Cd safety thresholds were determined to be 0.32mgkg-1 for Romaine lettuce, cos lettuce, pak choi, and radish, and 0.20mgkg-1 for lettuce. These findings provide a scientific basis for ensuring vegetable quality and safety, refining Cd environmental quality standards for agricultural soils, and promoting the safe utilization of Cd-contaminated farmland.

Using ornamental plants for phytoremediation can not only remove pollutants from the environment but also beautify and purify it. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous spraying of transpiration regulators glucose (Glc) and fulvic acid (FA) on the growth, biomass, and cadmium (Cd) enrichment of Mirabilis jalapa L. It was found that Glc could promote the growth and biomass accumulation of M. jalapa L., whereas FA had no significant effect, with a particularly notable 77.3% increase in leaf biomass observed in the exogenous spraying of 4% Glc treatment compared with control. Glc promoted the translocation of Cd from roots to shoots by enhancing transpiration, whereas FA led to more Cd accumulation in roots. In the exogenous spraying of 4% Glc treatment, Cd enrichment in leaves increased by 138.6% compared with the control group. The bioconcentration factor and translocation factor of 4% Glc treatment were 2.4 and 2.2 times that of the control treatment, respectively. The removal rate was 2.35 times that of the control treatment. Further, both Glc and FA enhanced the antioxidant enzyme system of M. jalapa L. Exogenous spraying of Glc significantly increased the superoxide dismutase activity. Peroxidase activity increased by 58% of 4% Glc treatment compared with the control. In addition, exogenous spraying of Glc increased the net photosynthetic rate, 4% Glc treatment was 3.1 times higher than the control treatment, and the yield was 1.1 times greater in T1 treatment compared with control treatment. There was no significant effect on Pn at low concentration FA but a significant increase at high concentrations. In summary, exogenous spraying of 4% Glc can be used as an effective strategy to promote enrichment of Cd by M. jalapa L. and alleviate the oxidative stress caused by Cd, which provides a new method for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil.

Cadmium Enrichment Mechanism and at the Rock-soil Interface in Carbonate Weathered Soil Profile and Its Environmental Significance

To explore the effect of wood vinegar on the enrichment and transport of heavy metal Cadmium （Cd） in gramineous crops （wheat, barley, and oat） in Cd-contaminated farmland, a field plot experiment was conducted involving nine treatments. The effects of wood vinegar on the growth of gramineous crops （wheat, barley, and oat） and the enrichment and transport of Cd in crops were studied by measuring the Cd content in plants and rhizosphere of the soil. The results showed that wood vinegar increased the biomass of crops （wheat, barley, and oats biomasses were 0-6.73%, 14.45%-15.91%, and 19.48%-21.97%, respectively, P &lt; 0.05） and the Cd content of straw （those of wheat, barley, and oat were 12.32%-45.74%, 7.02%-42.11%, and 19.90%-25.00%, respectively, P &lt; 0.05）. On applying wood vinegar diluted 400 times, the Cd content in roots of wheat and barley decreased by 7.77% and 29.26%, respectively, and that of oats increased by 28.74%. The translocation factor （TF） root-straw of wheat and barley increased by 58.30% and 100.87%, whereas the TF straw-grain decreased significantly by 30.40% and 32.20%, respectively. The TF root-straw of oat decreased by 3.14%, whereas the TF straw-grain decreased by 21.02%. The difference in Cd content before and after planting of barley and oats was significantly higher than that of wheat at the harvest stage. Among them, the Cd content of barley D-T1 and oat E-T2 decreased by 18.53% and 19.59% compared with that before planting. Based on the comprehensive analysis of Cd accumulation, transport coefficient, and Cd content in different parts of wheat, barley, and oat, the risk coefficient of Cd content in barley grain was the lowest, which was suitable for planting in moderate and mild Cd-contaminated farmland and could be remediated during production by leaving the straw in the field to realize the safe cultivation of moderately and mildly Cd-contaminated farmland.

This study is the first to develop a method for cadmium enrichment and identification in sterile rice lines. The important low-cadmium rice resources Luohong 3A and Luohong 4A were discovered. A precise breeding system for low cadmium enrichment in rice was established, leading to the cultivation of Xizi 3, the first low-cadmium rice variety approved by the State. This achievement is significant for solving the problem of excessive cadmium in rice in southern China. In 2024, Xizi 3 was selected as a major agricultural technology by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and a key scientific and technological achievement in China's agricultural and rural areas.

Predicting cadmium enrichment in crops/vegetables and identifying the effects of soil factors based on transfer learning methods.

Mechanism of cadmium (Cd) enrichment in the soil of karst areas with high geochemical background in Southwest China

The accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in facility soil is attracting increasing attention. Reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) is an effective soil disinfection method, while also having a certain passivating effect on Cd. The application of organic matter is crucial for the success of RSD, but the reduction efficiencies of different organic materials vary. Here, five treatments, namely untreated soil (CK), bean dregs (BD), peanut dregs (PD), sesame dregs (SD), and apple dregs (AD) were applied, and their performances in Cd immobilization in Cd-contaminated soil were assessed. Changes in soil properties and microbial communities were monitored. The results showed that the overall soil pH following RSD treatment decreased significantly, while organic matter, hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium, and exchangeable magnesium increased significantly. Compared to CK, the exchangeable (EX)-Cd contents after treatments SD and AD significantly decreased by 25.4% and 23.7%, respectively. RSD led to significant changes in the composition of soil microbial communities. SD treatment significantly increased the number of soil fungal operational taxonomic units (OTU), while BD, PD, and SD significantly increased the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Deinococus Thermus, and Basidiomycota in bacterial communities. The Gemmatimonadetes phylum showed a highly significant negative correlation with EX-Cd, indicating that it might have a positive effect on the fixation of Cd in polluted soil. SD significantly reduced the Cd content in the above-ground parts of lettuce by 74.76%, and had the least impact on lettuce biomass. It can be inferred that RSD is an ecologically effective method for the remediation of Cd pollution in facility soil by improving soil characteristics and altering microbial community composition to reduce Cd activity. However, further in-depth research is needed to optimize the types and amounts of organic materials applied.

Abstract With the development of urbanization and industrialization, a large number of heavy metal pollutants continue to enter the environment, which has caused severe harm to human health and ecological environment. The heavy metal pollution in soil has been aggravated, and the soil quality has deteriorated seriously. Therefore, cost‐saving and efficient soil remediation technology is imminent. Aiming at resolving a series of soil problems existing in Cadmium‐polluted aeolian sandy soil in Ningdong Energy Base of Ningxia, northwest China, it is very important to explore green and effective bioremediation technology for local ecosystem restoration and healthy and sustainable development. A pot experiment was designed with three different fly ash compound modifiers being added to the Cadmium‐polluted aeolian sandy soil. The perennial ryegrass was used as the test material, and 13 different formula treatments were set. By measuring and analysing soil physical and chemical properties, total Cadmium content, four forms of Cadmium and Cadmium enrichment in various parts of plants, the biological combined remediation effect of fly ash and different material compound modifiers combined with ryegrass were comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis. Treatment with multiple application of amendments can improve soil water holding capacity and saturated water content, among which the field water holding capacity of FS4 treatment increased the most, increasing by 26.40% compared with without improver (CK), and the saturated water content of the modifier was added with 80% fly ash and 20% organic fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the modifier to soil was 2% (FY2) treatment increased the most, increasing by 20.85% compared with CK. The application of fly ash alone and the application of fly ash apatite compound amendment had no significant effect on soil alkaline nitrogen lysis, while the other two compound modifiers can increase the soil alkali‐hydrolysable nitrogen, and the modifier was added with 80% fly ash and 20% organic fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the modifier to soil was 4% (FY4) treatment increased the most, with an increase of 269.23%. Except for the add 100% fly ash modifier, and the mass ratio of the modifier to soil was 1% (F1) treatment, the dry weight of ryegrass was significantly increased by applying amendments, Although the Cd content of plants decreased, the Cd enrichment of plants increased after the application of the amendments. Applying amendments combined with ryegrass can reduce the total amount of Cd and the proportion of available Cd in soil, and the proportion of available Cd continues to decrease with time. After applying the improver, the biomass and the total amount of heavy metals in ryegrass increased significantly, while the total content of heavy metal Cd and the proportion of available Cd in soil decreased. The ecological remediation effects of FY4, FY2 and FS4 were better, among which FY4 is recommended as the remediation of Cd‐contaminated aeolian sand in Ningdong Energy and Chemical Industry Base.

Stable isotopic evidence of cadmium enrichment in soils of black shale distribution areas

The in-situ excitation on internal electrode of DBD-OES system for cadmium sensitive detection

Longyan City in Fujian Province is one of China's top-quality tobacco-producing areas and plays an essential role in local economic development. To determine the correlation between heavy metal content in tobacco leaves and soil factors, soil physical and chemical properties and heavy metal contents of lead, cadmium, and copper in tobacco leaves were measured and analyzed by the correlation regression method. The content of lead, cadmium, and copper in soil was determined using hydrochloric acid extraction-AAS and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used to determine heavy metal in tobacco leaf. The findings revealed that the average concentrations of lead, cadmium, and copper in the soil were 12.1, 0.092, and 3.88 mg/kg, respectively. In contrast, the average levels of lead, cadmium, and copper in tobacco leaves were 2.33, 4.89, and 4.35 mg/kg, respectively. The cadmium enrichment coefficient of 54.3 was higher than lead and copper, indicating a greater health risk. Soil pH value was negatively correlated with lead content in tobacco leaf, while potassium and phosphorus nutrient levels were negatively correlated with copper content. In contrast, a positive correlation was established between the presence of organic matter with cadmium content in tobacco leaves. The prediction models of lead, cadmium, and copper in tobacco leaves can be expressed by the regression equation corresponding to each heavy metal as follows: YPb=2.33 - 0.005∗ XK+0.007∗XN - 0.271∗XpH+0.065∗XPb (R2 = 0.787), YCd=1.55+0.012∗XOM - 0.014∗XCu+34.6∗XCd (R2 = 0.891), and YCu=4.64 - 0.029∗XP - 0.007∗XK+0.245∗XCu (R2 = 0.724), respectively. The prediction models above provide an effective predictive tool for assessing heavy metal risk in tobacco leaves using soil properties in the study area.

Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal, and Cd pollution has become a serious problem worldwide. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil crop in the world and has a strong capacity to accumulate Cd in soil. The natural resistant-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP) plays an important part in the absorption and transportation of Cd in plants. To date, the NRAMP family in peanut is ill-informed. In the present study, 29 AhNRAMPs were identified and were classified into three groups and fourteen proteins in group 1 (G1), ten proteins in group 2 (G2) and five proteins in group 3 (G3). There are 71-1347 amino acids in AhNRAMPs. Most of the AhNRAMPs exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns. For instance, AhNRAMP10 and AhNRAMP26 from G1 were highly expressed in roots, G2 genes in shoots and leaves and G3 genes in shoots. The transcriptional levels of AhNRAMPs in roots can be regulated by Cd. Notably, 55% of (16) AhNRAMPs genes were upregulated in peanut roots and positively responded to Cd stress. It’s worth noting that the relative expressions of AhNRAMP2 and AhNRAMP11, which were increased by 6.9-fold and 14.1-fold at 3 h in roots of Cd-enriched variety under Cd stress while decreasing by 44% and 25% at the same time in Cd sensitive variety. In a word, the comprehensive research of the AhNRAMP family provides insights into the capacity of Cd enrichment in peanut.