CAD Course Research Articles

Redefining cardiovascular risk evaluation: employing the CaRi-Heart validated FAI-score in patients screened with SCORE2 and CAD-RADS 2.0 techniques

Abstract Background Cardiac computed tomography (CCT) has confirmed the fat attenuation index (FAI) as a trustworthy marker for coronary inflammation, notably in relation to plaque vulnerability and progression. The systematic coronary risk evaluation 2 (SCORE2) is a valuable instrument for forecasting the 10-year likelihood of initial cardiovascular disease (CVD) occurrence. This study aims to determine risk re-categorization using CaRi-Heart in comparison to SCORE2 and the coronary artery disease-reporting and data system (CAD-RADS 1.0/2.0). Methods We enrolled patients (INTEL-FAT study) undergoing CCT, who were aged 40-69 years and had no previous history of CVD or diabetes. SCORE2 classified very-high-risk regions as follows: low-moderate risk as <2.5% (<50 years) and <5% (50-69 years), high risk as 2.5 to <7.5% (<50 years) and 5 to <10% (50-69 years), and very-high risk as ≥7.5% (<50 years) and ≥10% (50-69 years). The CaRi-Heart risk assessment categorized low risk as FAI-score ≤75th percentile for the LAD or RCA and <95th percentile for the LCX; medium risk as falling between the 76th and 89th percentiles for LAD/RCA and ≥95th percentile for LCX; and high risk as ≥90th percentile for LAD/RCA. Results 203 patients were included, with a mean age of 58.7 ± 6.78; 143 (70.44%) were male. CaRi-Heart assessment redefined 71.13% (69/97) of individuals from high to low SCORE2 risk, and 40.0% (8/30) from low-moderate to high SCORE2 risk. The weighted Cohen's kappa analysis revealed minimal concordance between SCORE2 and CaRi-Heart (k=-0.043). 19.71% of patients categorized as CAD-RADS 1 in CCT were reassigned to high risk after CaRi-Heart evaluation, and 26.66% of those classified as CAD-RADS 4 were downgraded to low risk. Furthermore, of the CAD-RADS 1 P1/P2 group, 15.38% and of the P3/P4 group, 66.66% were upgraded to high risk. Conversely, 45.45% of CAD-RADS 4 P1/P2 and 15.78% of P3/P4 were reassigned to low CaRi-Heart risk. The Cohen's kappa analysis comparing CAD-RADS 1.0 and 2.0 with CaRi-Heart risk revealed a low concordance (k=0.067 and k=0.014). In comparing SCORE2 risk categories to CAD-RADS classifications, a significant association was found for low-moderate SCORE2 with CAD-RADS 2 (diagnostic odds ratio [DOR] of 11.26; 95% CI: 4.37-29.00; p<0.001), and for high SCORE2 with CAD-RADS 4 (DOR: 0.085; 95% CI: 0.036-0.20; p<0.001), indicating a strong predictive value of the SCORE2 system for certain CAD-RADS classifications. Conclusions The CaRi-Heart method significantly alters risk classifications in comparison to the SCORE2 risk assessment models or the anatomical CAD-RADS 1.0 and 2.0 diagnostic instruments. These results indicate the importance of integrating established scoring systems with additional markers, such as the FAI-score. This integration offers critical understanding into the severity and future course of CAD, assisting in risk stratification and informing therapeutic choices.SCORE2, CAD-RADS and CaRi-Heart risk.Interpretation of the CaRi-Heart® risk.

Improving the Quality of Learning Through Project Based Learning (PjBL) With the STEAM Approach in CAD Courses in the Department of Automotive Engineering Universitas Negeri Padang

The application of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model in CAD courses has so far not been satisfactory. the results of the design drawings produced by students could not be implemented because the size, component layout, beauty did not meet the criteria. As a result, the students failure rate in CAD courses from 2019 to 2022 is quite high. PjBL with the STEAM approach is a solution because with STEAM the design of the images produced by students is based on criteria Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Mathematics. This type of research uses Classroom Action Research, which is an examination of activities that are deliberately raised and occur in a class, and have 3 Cycle. The process of implementing the research consists of four components, namely planning, action, observation, and reflection. The population is Diploma 3 Automotive Engineering Students in Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang (FT UNP) who are enrolled in the CAD course for the Semester January - June 2022 and totaling 46 students. The data collection techniques through observation sheets and students performance in designing drawings using CAD software. The results of the study show that the implementation of PjBL with the STEAM approach can improve the quality of learning. The quality of learning observed is the activity of lecturers and students and learning outcomes. The percentage of lecturer activity in the learning process is 77% and increases in cycles 2 and 3 with percentages of 85.90% and 89.6%. While students activity in the learning process cycle 1 obtained a percentage of 62.4%, increased in cycles 2 and 3 of 73.20% and 87.70%. courses computer aided design using a project-based learning approach STEAM can increase the average value of students. This is based on the average grade of students drawing projects in cycle 1 of 33.04, Whereas in cycle 2 it was 69.80 and the average students score in cycle 3 was 76.42.

PECULIARITIES OF TREATMENT OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE WITH CONCOMITANT TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS WITH ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR BLOCKERS

Introduction: the relevance of determining peculiarities of treatment of coronary artery disease with concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus is high, as it solves several important medical, social and economic problems of society.
 The aim: of research was to evaluate state of heart function (development of heart failure) and changes in glucose metabolism in patients with CAD with concomitant type II DM depending on diabetes stage and treatments with telmisartan and valsartan.
 Materials and methods: Study included 106 patients with coronary artery diseases and type II DM with mean age 68.8±8.9 years; mean age of males (46.2 %) was 65.2±9.0 years and females (53.8 %) — 71.6±7.8 years. All patients were treated in cardiology department of CME “City clinical hospital № 27” of Kharkiv city government, which is clinical base of Departments of internal medicine № 2, clinical immunology and allergology of L. T. Malaya of Kharkiv National Medical University. All patients were divided into 4 groups depending on stage of diabetes. First group included patients with CAD and with no concomitant DM (n=36; mean age = 66.4±10.1 years); second — CAD and mild course of DM (n=21; mean age = 71.9±9.4 years); third group included patients with CAD and moderate DM (n=28; mean age = 69.7±8.0 years); and fourth group — patients with CAD and severe DM (n=21; mean age = 67.9±6.5 years).
 Results: After treatment with valsartan and telmisartan no difference was observed in SBP, DBP and HR in both valsartan and telmisartan patients. However, it is obvious that levels of described variables mostly normalized, which suggests on high effectiveness of performed treatment.
 Comparison of initial and post-treatment data showed significant changes observed both in heart function and glucose metabolism. It was found that valsartan users showed significant decrease in SBP, DBP and HR in patients with CAD only and CAD with moderate T2DM.
 In all patients suggest that valsartan users will show decrease of HbA1c independently on DM stage, while telmisartan provides normalization of HbA1c only in moderate to severe DM patients.
 This suggests that telmisartan acts as protective and repairing medication in patients with concomitant CAD and T2DM, predominantly in moderate to severe stages of DM; valsartan increases cardiac function mostly in CAD only patients and in mild to severe DM, but influence on systolic and diastolic function was not found.
 Conclusions: Our study demonstrates strong connection between glucose metabolism and heart function. It was shown that stage of T2DM significantly influence indices of morphological state of heart with effects on development of systolic and, predominantly, diastolic dysfunction, which further leads to development of heart failure. Moreover, it was shown, that treatments of patients with CAD with concomitant T2DM of different stages with ARBs (valsartan and telmisartan) provides protective effects on heart muscle and glucose metabolism. Study found significant correlations between levels of blood pressure, systolic and diastolic function and levels of glucose and HbA1c in patients with different stages of T2DM.

Construction Scheme in English Teaching Platform of CAD Course

Computer-Aided Design and Applications is an international journal on the applications of CAD and CAM. It publishes papers in the general domain of CAD plus in emerging fields like bio-CAD, nano-CAD, soft-CAD, garment-CAD, PLM, PDM, CAD data mining, CAD and the internet, CAD education, genetic algorithms and CAD engines. The journal is aimed at all developers and users of CAD technology to ptovide CAD solutions for various stages of design and manufacturing. The journal publishes all about Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided technologies.

Opening Students' Creativity and Innovation through CAD Learning in Collaboration with Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

Abstract : Currently, student product design work is based on product design examples that the lecturer has determined. This can provide the scope of creativity and innovation of student product designs to be limited to old textbook-based designs and not real problems in the world of work. The research method uses an experiment with a One-Group Double Posttest-Only Design. Respondents are students who take CAD courses. The research scenario was the first week without treatment and the second until the fifth week of treatment with the CAD learning method in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). There are three SMEs as the research location. The research was divided into eight student groups. The data analysis technique uses descriptive statistics to represent the qualities of creativity and innovation. Combined and partial difference tests were carried out by analyzing variance from the experiment’s class. Learning CAD in SMEs requires preparation in planning, implementation, and evaluation. Conservatively, there is an increase in studentcreativity and innovation from time to time when they are in SMEs. Students give a good impression of improving their CAD skills with growing confidence and solving industrial product design problems. In addition, the inferential results show differences in student creativity and innovation from time-to-time experiments. Keywords: creativity, innovation, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, CAD learning, design product

Development and Evaluation of E-Learning Module in 3D Homes Designing

The primary purpose of this research is to develop an e-learning module for 3D Home Designing and assess the value of the instructional materials to the student's user. The pandemic forces our educational system to change to remote instruction, and the construction of the electronic module is crucial because there are no existing materials that focus primarily on 3D home design. Fifty (50) students enrolled in CAD courses tested the E-learning program. The mean and standard deviation were calculated using descriptive quantitative statistics in this investigation. The content of the e-learning program was evaluated using a survey questionnaire. In addition, the questionnaire requested input on the e-module. Following that, adjustments were made. The E-module is a helpful instrument in teaching 3D Homes Designing that encourages self-directed learning and direct application of knowledge.

Construction of the “Identical Fusion” Relationship Between Garment CAD and Core Professional Courses Under Background of Engineering Certification

At present, there are two outstanding problems in the teaching of garment CAD in colleges and universities: one 
 is missing of parametric structure design function for garment CAD teaching software, the other is disconnection between 
 garment CAD and core professional courses. From the perspective of talent development and industry demand, teaching reform is 
 proposed: first of all, the curriculum of garment engineering drawing is established to introduce the general AutoCAD software for 
 engineering majors. Secondly, under the framework of “identical fusion” relationship, the curriculum group is constructed, which 
 contains two-dimentinal and three-dimentinal garment CAD, garment structure design, together with garment technology. The 
 reform mode has shown good teaching effect in practice.

Case Method-Based Learning in AUTOCAD-Assisted CAD Program Courses

The purpose of this research is to increase students' understanding of CAD program courses through the application of the case method learning model. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (CAR). This research was conducted to find solutions that can be done so that the potential of each teaching participant can be explored optimally. The subjects of this study were the fourth semester students of the Building Engineering Education Study Program, University of Nias, who at the time of this research were contracting 22 CAD courses. The method of measuring the level of success is carried out in three cycles. The method of data collection was carried out by observation, performance tests, quantitative and qualitative data collection, and data analysis techniques of learning implementation. Based on the results of data analysis and discussion, it was found that the most dominant activity of lecturers in providing lecture material using autocad media could increase student understanding by 0.47 points from cycle 1 to cycle 2 while the increase from cycle 2 to cycle 3 was 0.04 points. Activities in providing explanations to student questions using autocad media can increase student understanding by 0.25 points from cycle 1 to cycle 2 and increase student understanding by 0.27 points. The mastery of students' cognitive learning outcomes increased from cycles 1 to 3, with the percentage of mastery in cycle 1 being 31.82% and cycle 2 being 54.54%, and in cycle 3 being 90.9%. So it is concluded that the application of the case method learning model assisted by autocad media can improve students' understanding of the CAD program material.

Curriculum Reform and Practice of Architectural Engineering: Based on Architectural CAD

Architectural CAD is the core course of Engineering Cost Specialty in higher vocational colleges. If students can gradually develop the ability of architectural drawing recognition and drawing when learning this course, they can lay a foundation for better work after graduation. This paper expounds the nature of Architectural CAD and the significance of cultivating architectural drawing recognition ability of students based on Architectural CAD course, and analyze the strategy of cultivating architectural drawing recognition ability of students based on Architectural CAD course.

An Experiential Learning Project to Bridge the Gap Between Programming and CAD

In the first two years of the Mechanical Engineering curriculum at The Citadel, students take a computer applications course related to programming and a separate course related to CAD modeling. Typical student feedback is very positive in the CAD course due to the hands-on nature and real world applications evident in the coursework, but students often struggle to appreciate the useful applications of programming, which leads to lower engagement in the course. In this paper, the authors present an independent study project that focuses on modifying an STL file in MATLAB to optimize its shape in response to applied forces, in an effort to bridge the gap between these software applications. Through this exercise, the student gained an understanding of data types, programming structures, algorithm development, and other coding best practices through a tangible, real-world application. The present paper will discuss the problem approach, a discussion of the applicable ABET outcomes to this project, as well as recommendations for adapting this independent study project into a course module.

Mental Stress and Multiple Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases with Regional Variations in Women of Urban and Rural Areas of Sindh, Pakistan

Introduction: The high prevalence of risk factors in women in developing countries of South Asia appears to have been translated into early and severe CHD in contrast to their counterpart in the first world nations, which has been related to obesity and insulin resistance and genetically determined increased lipoprotein Lp(a) levels. Mental stress due to urbanization, sedentary life style and physical inactivity may be the most important factor initiating obesity and the clustering of all other risk factors hypertension, dyslipidaemia and (WHR). These risk factors vary in different regions of South Asia. Aims and Objectives: Our aim of the study was to describe and analyse differences between the frequency of risk factors such as psychological stress due to, socio-economical aspects, life style especially physical activity, and health behaviours which may contribute in the course of CAD in women of both rural and urban areas of Pakistan because no such significant data is available in women with CAD. Study Design: This descriptive cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in Cardiology Department of Dow University of Health and Sciences Karachi, Pakistan, from March 2014 to March 2016 by filling a questionnaire and laboratory data. The study group comprised female subjects around 577 (Urban 347 {60.1%} and Rural 230 {39.9%}) women ranged from 25-65 years of age who underwent coronary angiography and had definite coronary atherosclerotic diseases. Our study was conducted by examining the psychological stress in women of both areas and its strength of association with frequency of other risk factors in female patients of urban and rural areas with definite CHD taking account the difference in age and education level into account. Result: Analysis of this study conducted at department of Cardiology in Dow University Karachi from March 2014 to March 2017 revealed that the women of rural area were comparatively more physically active then women of urban area. Prevalence of mental stress, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, higher BMI, hyperlipidaemia (especially TC) waist and hip circumference of both areas were found to be different after adjustment made for age. A considerable association was found between psychological stress and other factors in ischemic heart disease patients showing the p-value (p=0.043). Psychological stress was found 82% in both groups and (13%) women had no stress rated as normal more in rural (26%) vs (04%) in urban population. Physical inactivity in women with CHD was found in 92% urban in contrast to 45% in rural population, (p=0.009). Hypertension prevalence was more in urban 253 in comparison to 151 women in rural area. Diabetes Mellitus was also found more in urban than rural population, especially in age below 50, 79 (23%) urban vs 60 (26%) in rural population. Women beyond 50 years of age, 85 (24%) urban vs 64 (27%) rural area had prevalence of obesity comparatively higher in urban residents 71 (20%) than 44(%) in rural dwellers and 32 (9%) urban vs 16 (7%) in rural women in age range below 50 years. Higher waist circumstance was observed more in urban residents (4.8 cm) whereas BMI was more (1.8 unit) in women of rural area than urban women. Prevalence of smoking and nicotine chewing was relatively higher in urban population in below 50 years of age with 30 (09%) urban vs 13 (05%) in rural women and in age beyond 50, 11 (03%) urban vs 10 (04%) in rural women was witnessed. Average total cholesterol, serum triglycerides and LDL were found to be higher in urban compared to rural area residents and HDL was comparatively lower in urban area group. Mean cholesterol level was seen at average of 353 mg% in urban vs 223 mg% in rural population. Serum cortisol level showed significant variation in urban group 19.1 vs 14.2 in rural group (sample, as well as serum fibrinogen was raised more raised in urban population). Conclusion: Our study shows increased prevalence of mental stress and physical inactivity in female residents of urban area leading to Higher blood pressure, DM, dyslipidaemia and central obesity specially in Waist circumference than rural area. The mental stress induced by excessive demands of work at home and at working place with too little control is not unique to women of urban areas.

Research on Online CAD Course Teaching Mode Based on N+X Mode

In order to further enhance the design and innovation ability of students, students are taught hierarchically through the online learning teaching platform and the knowledge module setting of product structure design. Meanwhile, based on the curriculum research of the mixed classroom teaching model, this paper is composed to enhance the initiative of students in learning, realize layered teaching, and enhance the effectiveness of teaching. Classrooms are not the only place to give a lecture, and the diversification of teaching locations and learning time can be achieved, which makes communication and guidance between teachers and students as well as cooperation and communication between students and students more convenient, so that students' team assistance ability can be effectively improved. Therefore, on the online learning platform, curriculum resources can realize the quantification of resources, which enriches the classroom and achieves the process and data evaluation of students so as to implement the objectivity and effectiveness of the evaluation.

Innovative exploration and practice of internet plus's blended teaching mode based on blue ink cloud class platform in the course of Mechanical Drawing and Computer Drawing CAD

Internet plus's hybrid teaching mode based on blue ink cloud class platform is a teaching mode supported by big data technology and relying on mobile terminals such as PC and smart phones, which can build a real-time interactive, instant and comprehensive feedback platform for teachers and students and improve teaching efficiency. Therefore, this paper briefly expounds the concept of internet plus's blended teaching mode based on the blue ink cloud class platform, and discusses the practical process and effect of this mode in the course innovation exploration of Mechanical Drawing and Computer Drawing CAD, hoping to provide some reference for the innovative practice of similar courses in mechanical specialty.

Isn’t it effective if the transformation of product design tests into 3-dimention modelling?

This study aims to prove whether changing and transforming into 3D modelling is more effective and efficient than presenting product design job questions in the form of 2D multi-view projection. This research study uses a mix-method with a sequential explanatory design—data collection using questionnaires and observations from video recordings of work. The research object was 28 students taking CAD courses in the Mechanical Engineering Education Department. The Covid-19 pandemic resulted in data collection being carried out online. The results showed that students’ speed on drawing problems with 2D and 3D modelling according to three levels (easy, medium, and difficult) had differences. The 3D modelling view makes it easy for respondents to do it in a short time and with the right results. If explored more in-depth, the thinking skills that dominate respondents according to their perceptions emphasize creative thinking processes and the ability to solve problems.

Circulating microRNA expression profiling and bioinformatics analysis of patients with coronary artery disease by RNA sequencing.

BackgroundMicroRNAs play a vital role in coronary artery disease. Abnormal expression of microRNAs has been found to be associated with the occurrence of CAD.MethodsWe identified significantly differentially expressed microRNAs in plasma between 40 patients with CAD and 10 controls with NCA using RNA sequencing. The differentially expressed microRNAs were analyzed for Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment.ResultsFifty cDNA libraries were constructed and sequenced, and a total of 1871.82 M raw reads were obtained, and 2135 microRNAs were found. Compared to the expressed microRNAs of NCA controls, 159 microRNAs were differentially expressed in CAD patients, including 119 upregulated microRNAs and 40 downregulated microRNAs. The top 10 upregulated miRNAs were miR‐144‐3p, miR‐34a‐5p, miR‐15b‐3p, miR‐22‐3p, miR‐29b‐3p, miR‐1270, miR‐6891‐5p, miR‐106a‐5p, miR‐15b‐5p, and hsa‐miR‐499b‐3p. The top ten downregulated miRNAs were miR‐4437, miR‐6842‐3p, miR‐4664‐3p, miR‐671‐3p, miR‐219a‐1‐3p, miR‐7848‐3p, miR‐664a‐3p, miR‐1284, miR‐361‐3p, and miR‐6780a‐5p. The target genes of differentially expressed microRNAs were related to many basic biological terms, such as biological process, cellular component, and molecular function. According to the KEGG pathway analysis, the most enriched pathways of the differentially expressed microRNAs were endocytosis, focal adhesion, axon guidance, and so on. Furthermore, six upregulated and two downregulated microRNAs were detected by qRT‐PCR (Quantitative Real‐time PCR) and ROC analysis for diagnosing CAD.ConclusionThe results suggest that the expression levels of some microRNAs may play a vital role in the physiological and pathological course of CAD. Our study may provide useful information for the diagnosis and treatment of CAD.

Adoption of Project Based Teaching in Mechanical Drawing and CAD Course

Adoption of Project Based Teaching in Mechanical Drawing and CAD Course

The CAD 3D course improves students’ spatial skills in the technology and design education

Abstract The nature of 3D ability is deeply considered, but little is known about students’ learning and understandings of technology and about the meaning to become more technologically capable. We considered the spatial intelligence of first-grade engineering students, how much that improved to the effect of 18 times 45 minutes course of computer-aided 3D modeling. We consider the success of our 3D course in spatial intelligence. According to the result of the tests, one-third of the engineer candidates has good spatial intelligence. We introduce some useful problems in 3D education; the presented problems help the students in learning how to solve technology problems, and how to design objects. We offer the intellectual pleasure of problem solving through 3D problems. Our CAD course excellently improves the spatial skills of the middle third of the students. Computer-aided 3D modeling also bridges the gap for students with worse spatial ability. Dealing with students in a more differentiated way about CAD modeling would be advisable.

Influence and Impact of CAD on Environmental Art Design Paradigm Under Digital Background

This paper briefly analyzes the common problems of the environment art design specialty in the course of setting up the course of the specialty of environmental art and design in CAD. According to the common problems in the teaching process, we put forward the idea of teaching design based on the application practice. CAD course is an important course of environmental art design major, should meet the professional characteristics of the organization of teaching content in the course teaching, knowledge using a variety of teaching methods and teaching, pay attention to the knowledge consistency.

Relationships of growth factors, proinflammatory cytokines, and anti-inflammatory cytokines with long-term clinical results of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in STEMI.

AimThe aim of the study was to test the hypothesis suggesting that the pre-intervention levels of proinflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and angiogenic growth factors predict the long-term clinical results of autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell (ABMMC) transplantation in patients with primary ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods and resultsFrom 2003 to 2006, a total of 62 patients with primary STEMI were enrolled in an open randomized study registered under the title ESTABOMA. Patients were randomized into two groups: group 1 included patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and ABMMC transplantation (n = 28); group 2 comprised patients treated only with PCI (n = 34). Follow-up study was performed 7.96 ± 0.96 years after STEMI and involved physical examination, six-minute walk test, echocardiography, and determination of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. The total and cardiovascular mortality rates were higher in group 1 compared with group 2: 36% (n = 10) vs. 12% (n = 4) (p = 0.02) and 29% (n = 8) vs. 6% (n = 2) (p = 0.03), respectively. Lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines were observed in group 1 after PCI and ABMMC transplantation. Serum levels of FGF, VEGF, and IL-10, determined before PCI and ABMMC transplantation were prognostically significant long-term indicators of unfavorable course of CAD after STEMI.

Abstract 11870: The -174 G>C Interleukin-6 Gene Polymorphism is Associated With Angiographic Progression of Non-culprit Coronary Plaques in a Mid-term Period

Hypothesis: Inflammation is the key process underlying the course of CAD. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an upstream key regulator of inflammation. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of inflammatory genes, reportedly influence the outcomes of CAD patients. We sought to evaluate the impact of -174 G>C IL-6 SNP in patients with established CAD. Methods: We examined previous angiographies of patients with a PCI history, who were prospectively re-investigated for stable/unstable angina after >12 months. We defined progression of CAD by qCA as the emergence of a new culprit lesion. We genotyped patients to their Mendelian randomization group of -174 G>C IL-6 SNP (rs1800795). The probability for CAD progression was evaluated with the Kaplan-Meier and Cox model analysis including age, hypertension, family history, dyslipidemia and diabetes. Results: A total of 157 patients were included with a median follow-up time of 48 months. Genotype distribution was: GG: 30, CC: 55, GC: 72, C variant: 58%, frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: χ 2 =0.54, p=0.46. Baseline characteristics were evenly distributed. Serum levels of IL-6 differed significantly: CC 5.58±2.52, GG 2.73±1.08, GC 4.04±1.86 mg/L, p<0.001. At 48 months, carriers of IL-6 C allele had 52.8% cumulative probability for progression vs 13.3% G allele, p=0.005. Results were confirmed in multivariate analysis: C allele HR: 5.09, 95% CI (1.55, 16.7), p=0.007, family history HR: 2.46, 95% CI (1.43, 4.23), p=0.001, dyslipidemia HR: 1.47, 95% CI (1.02, 2.11), p=0.041. Conclusions: Patients with established CAD, carrying the -174 C allele of IL-6 gene, had increased risk for progression of non-culprit plaques in a 4-year period. C allele significantly contributed to CAD progression along with family history and dyslipidemia.