Ca Salts Research Articles

210 Effects of supplementing calcium salts of fatty acids during late gestation on beef cow performance and offspring pre-weaning performance

Abstract Objectives were to investigate the effects of late-gestation supplementation of Ca salts of fatty acids to beef cows on cow performance and offspring pre-weaning growth performance. One hundred and ninety fall-calving, Angus Simmental cows were ranked by BW, BCS, and age. Cows were randomly assigned into 12 endophyte-infected, tall fescue pastures (4 pastures/treatment; 15–16 cows/pasture). Cows were fed an isocaloric supplement with soybean hulls mixed with: whole-shelled corn (CON), 155 g/cow/d of EnerGII (SFA/MUFA), or 40 g/cow/d of Strata 120 g/cow/d of Prequel (PUFA) during the last 83 4.9 d of gestation. Cow BW and BCS were measured at the initial, middle point, and end of supplementation, as well as at breeding and weaning. Milk yield was evaluated by weigh-suckle-weigh technique at 675.0 d postpartum. Steers were weaned at 174 5.0 d of age. Growth performance, milk, and blood parameters were analyzed with MIXED and reproductive data were analyzed with GLIMMIX procedures of SAS. The BW and BCS of the cows were not different (P 0.19) from trial initiation through weaning. Birth BW of the steers was not different (P = 0.62). The AI or overall pregnancy rates were not different (P 0.88). There was no difference (P 0.12) in milk yield or components. However, C15:0 and total n-3 fatty acids in milk from dams supplemented with PUFA was greater (P 0.05) than CON, while SFA/MUFA was intermediate and not different than the others. There was no difference (P = 0.83) for weaning BW of the steers. In conclusion, late-gestation supplementation of Ca salts of PUFA had no effect on cow BW, BCS, or milk yield, but increased total n-3 fatty acids in milk. Neither birth BW nor weaning BW of steers were affected by maternal fatty acid supplementation.

PSIV-8 Effects of Late Gestation Calcium Salts of Fatty Acids Supplementation to Beef Cows on Offspring Finishing Phase Performance and Carcass Characteristics

Abstract The objective was to investigate the effects of late-gestation supplementation of Ca salts of fatty acids to beef cows on the finishing phase growth performance and carcass characteristics of the steer progeny. Ninety-six multiparous, fall-calving, Angus × Simmental cows (BW = 601 ± 76 kg) were stratified by BW, BCS, and age and randomly allotted into 8 endophyte-infected tall fescue pastures with 12 cows/pasture. Cows were supplemented with soybean hulls mixed with either 155 g/cow/d of EnerGII (SFA/MUFA; enriched with palmitic and oleic acids) or 80 g/cow/d of Prequel + 80 g/cow/d of Strata (PUFA; enriched with linoleic acid, EPA, and DHA) for the last 77 ± 6 d of gestation. Steer progeny (n = 70) were weaned at 186 ± 6 d of age and transported to feedlot. Steers were fed receiving diets for 3 weeks and transitioned to finishing diets and adapted to GrowSafe feed bunks for individual daily feed intake measurement. Steers were weighed every 28 d during the finishing phase. Steers were slaughtered at commercial abattoir at 432 ± 6 d of age, and carcass data were obtained from USDA camera grading system. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS, and repeated measure was used for BW. There were no differences (P ≥ 0.13) for BW, ADG, DMI, or feed conversion during the finishing phase. There was no differences (P ≥ 0.22) observed in hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, 12th rib fat thickness, yield grade, ribeye area, marbling score, or KPH fat. In conclusion, maternal supplementation of Ca salts of fatty acids during late gestation did not affect steer progeny growth performance during the finishing phase or carcass characteristics.

Effects of maternal dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and methionine during late gestation on fetal growth, DNA methylation, and mRNA relative expression of genes associated with the inflammatory response, lipid metabolism and DNA methylation in placenta and offspring\u2019s liver in sheep

BackgroundOmega-3 PUFA or methionine (Met) supply during gestation alters offspring physiology. However, the effect of both nutrients on fetal development has not been explored. Our objective was to determine the effects of supplementation of these two nutrients during late gestation on fetal growth, DNA methylation, and mRNA expression of genes associated with the inflammatory response, and DNA methylation. Ewes (n = 5/treatment) were fed from day 100 to 145 of gestation one of the following treatments: 1) basal diet (NS) without fatty acids (FS) or methionine (MS) supplementation; 2) FS (10 g/kg Ca salts, source omega-3 PUFA); 3) MS (1 g/kg rumen protected methionine); and 4) FS and MS (FS-MS). On day 145, ewes were euthanized, and data from dams and fetus was recorded. Placenta (cotyledon), fetal liver, and blood samples were collected.ResultsA treatments interaction on fetal liver weight, ewe body weight and body condition score (BCS) was observed; FS-MS were heavier (P < 0.01) than FS and MS, and FS-MS ewes had a better (P = 0.02) BCS than NS. Methionine increased (P = 0.03) ewe plasma glucose concentration. Fetal liver global DNA methylation increased (P < 0.01) in FS and MS. Dietary treatments modify the mRNA relative expression on some of the genes evaluated. In the fetal liver, FS increased (P = 0.04) the mRNA relative expression of arachidonate-5-lipoxygenase-activating-protein and tended to decrease (P = 0.06) methionine-adenosyltransferase-1A. Moreover, MS decreased (P = 0.04) DNA-methyltransferase-1 and tended to decrease (P = 0.08) free-fatty-acid-receptor-1 mRNA relative expression. Furthermore, FS-MS decreased mRNA relative expression of tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha (P = 0.05), peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor-delta (P = 0.03) and gamma (P = 0.04), tended to decrease (P ≤ 0.09) interleukin-6, fatty-acid-transport-protein-1, and delta-5-desaturase, and increased adenosylhomocysteinase (P = 0.04) mRNA relative expression. In cotyledon, FS tended to decrease fatty acid binding protein 4 (P = 0.09) mRNA relative expression.ConclusionOmega-3 PUFA and Met supplementation improves dam’s performance in late gestation, which was positively correlated with an increase in offspring’s liver development. Moreover, FS-MS decreased mRNA relative expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and lipogenic genes, and increased the expression on an enzyme that has an important role in methylation.

Evaluation of the interaction of chlorhexidine and MDP and its effects on the durability of dentin bonding

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the potential interaction of chlorhexidine (CHX) and 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) and its effects on the durability of dentin bonding. MethodsTwo commercial adhesives were tested: a MDP-free adhesive (Single Bond 2, SB2) and a MDP-containing adhesive (Single Bond Universal, SBU). Teeth were randomly assigned to six groups and tested for micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS): Ctr, direct bonding with SB2; CHX, CHX conditioning and SB2; MDP, MDP conditioning and SB2; CHX+MDP, combined CHX and MDP conditioning and SB2; SBU, direct bonding with SBU; CHX+SBU, CHX conditioning and SBU. The potential interaction of CHX and MDP was assessed by measuring nanoleakage, in situ zymography, and chemoanalytic characterization via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Specimens for μTBS and nanoleakage tests were first subjected to water storage for 24h or 6 months. ResultsThe initial μTBS values of the Ctr and CHX groups were significantly lower than those of the other four groups (P<0.05). Water storage for 6 months significantly weakened all groups (P<0.05), with the Ctr group showing the lowest μTBS. This group also showed more obvious nanoleakage than the other five groups. In situ zymography revealed that the Ctr group showed the strongest fluorescence and that the CHX+MDP group showed greater fluorescence than either CHX or MDP group. FTIR, XPS, and NMR indicated that MDP can interact with hydroxyapatite. NMR detected no Ca2+ salt peak for MDP when it was combined with CHX. SignificanceThe application of either CHX or MDP alone can improve dentin bond durability. However, CHX may interfere with the formation of MDP–Ca salts.

Synthesis of Pluronic F127-coated magnesium/calcium (Mg1-xCaxFe2O4) magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Magnetic nanoparticles are promising materials for biomedical applications such as hyperthermia treatment. In this study, the synthesis of Mg1-xCaxFe2O4, x = 0.0–0.9 nanoparticles, and coating with Pluronic F127 was carried out and evaluated as possible candidates for magnetic hyperthermia applications. The nanoparticles were synthesized by the thermal decomposition method using metallic salts of Fe, Mg, and Ca in the form of acetylacetonates. The crystalline structure and the magnetic properties of the samples due to the substitution of Mg2+ by Ca2+ in the synthesized samples were evaluated. The samples possess an inverse spinel structure, and the lattice parameter increased as the substitution of Ca2+ ions took place. Vibration sample magnetometry (VSM) was used to evaluate the magnetic properties and to quantify the saturation magnetization (Ms), the remnant magnetization (Mr), and the coercive field (Hc) of the samples. The morphology was quasi-spherical, and their average size was less than 10 nm as determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The heating ability of selected Pluronic F127 coated ferrites indicate that the nanoparticles can increase the medium temperature up to 42 °C in a time of 7 min. Hemolysis values were less than 2.5% for all evaluated samples, indicating no cytotoxic effect on the red blood cells. The presented results allow indicating that the nanoparticles of Mg0.9Ca0.1Fe2O4 are candidates for their potential use as thermoseeds for magnetic hyperthermia treatment.

Multicomponent adsorption of pentavalent As, Sb and P onto iron-coated cork granulates

The assessment of multicomponent adsorption of pentavalent metalloids is important since they are often found together in groundwaters and mining runoff. For this purpose, adsorption of As(V), Sb(V) and P(V) onto iron-coated cork granulates was studied in binary and ternary systems. Data from equilibrium and kinetic studies revealed that uptake of these contaminants is a multilayer, heterogeneous process well described by Freundlich, extended Freundlich and Elovich models. Most of the observed interactions are competitive and were related to the chemical structure and aqueous behaviour of each anion. Sb(V) adsorption was found to be most impaired and P(V) uptake the least affected by the presence of other pentavalent anions. The aggravation in the reduction of adsorbed amount from binary to ternary solution was more prominent for As(V) than Sb(V). Sb(V) adsorption outweighed that of the other pnictogens in acidic solutions, but in neutral conditions As(V) or P(V) adsorption may predominate instead. P(V) adsorption was the most sensitive to electrolyte addition, namely Ca salts, which may promote precipitation of calcium phosphates. This work provides useful insights regarding the design of adequate adsorption treatment systems for the simultaneous treatment of pentavalent metalloids.

Calcium uptake through skins of sweet cherry fruit: Effects of different calcium salts and surfactants

Increasing fruit calcium (Ca) raises the quality of sweet cherry fruit. The objective was to quantify Ca mass per fruit following exposure of developing fruits to Ca salt solutions by submersion or by spraying. Mass of Ca per fruit was quantified by atomic absorption spectrometry.Time courses of Ca mass per fruit following treatment with Ca-chloride or Ca-formate revealed increasing Ca mass with time. Calcium uptake by late stage III fruit (harvest mature) generally exceeded that by stage II fruit (pit mature). Increasing Ca salt concentration increased Ca mass per fruit. The increase in Ca mass was reduced, if the pedicel cavity had previously been sealed with silicone rubber, but sealing the stylar scar had little effect. Submersion and spraying with a range of Ca salts increased Ca mass per fruit, but Ca uptake was greatest for Ca-nitrate and least for Ca-lactate or Ca-heptagluconate. There was little difference in uptake between Ca-acetate, Ca-chloride, Ca-formate or Ca-propionate. The effects on Ca uptake of additions of surfactants depended on the surfactant, the mode of application, the fruit cultivar and the developmental stage. Spraying with Ca salts in combination with Glucopon CSUP and Break-Thru S 240 showed no gain in Ca. Occasionally with ‘Hedelfinger’, Ca uptake was actually decreased by the addition of surfactant, compared with the no-surfactant controls. The latter likely resulted from a decrease in the volume of Ca solution retained on the sprayed fruit surface due to more complete surface drainage with Break-Thru S 240.The results show that spraying fruit with solutions of various Ca salts increases Ca mass per fruit. The increase is the result of penetration of Ca through the fruit skin and also through the pedicel:fruit junction. The various anion partners of the Ca salts examined made surprisingly little difference to the amount of Ca penetrating the fruit skin. Calcium uptake from those salts having lower points of deliquescence and higher water solubility was slightly greater.

Enhanced Selective Removal of Cd(II) by an Amino-Functional Water-Retaining Agent Incorporating Nano Hydrous Manganese Oxide.

An amino-functionalized water-retaining agent (PPM40-NH₂) and a water-retaining agent lacking functionalization (PPM40) were prepared to investigate their selective Cd(II) removal properties. The affinity for Cd(II) was increased after introducing the amino functional group. The SFCd/Ca of PPM40-NH₂ was 3-7 fold higher than that of PPM40 although the CCa was 100-1000 times higher than that of CCd. The chelating effect of -COOH and -NH₂ in PPM40-NH₂ corresponded well with the selective adsorption of Cd(II), as confirmed by simulations. A seed germination experiment demonstrated that PPM40-NH₂ could act as a filter of heavy metals to supply "clean" water for the roots of the pakchoi plant. The leaching experiment indicated that PPM40-NH₂ is an efficient in situ fixation agent for the remediation of agricultural soil contaminated with Cd(II) in the presence of high concentrations of Ca(II) salts.

Catalytic Generation of Radicals in Supramolecular Systems with Acetylcholine

The catalytic effect of the most important neurotransmitter, acetylcholine (ACh), which, like cationic surfactants (S+), is able to form mixed microaggregates with hydroperoxides (ROOH) in organic media and accelerate ROOH decomposition into free radicals, has been considered. Chemisorbed on solid supports (cellulose, sodium montmorillonite) ACh as well as S+ catalytically decomposes ROOH and initiates radical chain oxidation and polymerization from the surface. A comparison of radical generation rates (Wi) by mixtures of ACh with cumyl and tert-butyl hydroperoxides in n-decane and chlorobenzene showed that Wi is relatively lowered in the presence of an aromatic fragment in a solvent or hydroperoxide. Phosphatidylcholine (РС) is a zwitterionic surfactant in which a choline cation is bound to a phosphate group. Non-transition metal ions Ca(II) and Mg(II) break the zwitterionic bond and convert РС into a cationic surfactant able to catalyze the radical decomposition of ROOH. The slowing effect of a moderate magnetic field of 0.157 T on the radical’s generation rate in mixtures of ROOH with S+, ACh, and PC treated with Ca(II) and Mg(II) salts was established.

Salt hydration and drop drying of two model calcium salts: Implications for foliar nutrient absorption and deposition

AbstractBackground:Hygroscopic salts are often applied as foliar fertilizers and calcium (Ca) salts have been used as model for cuticular permeability studies, with focus on their Point of Deliquescence (POD).Aim:This study was aimed at characterizing water sorption and desorption processes at 20, 30, and 40°C temperature (T), of two model Ca salts commonly used as foliar sprays.Methods:Trials were developed with pure Ca‐chloride and Ca‐nitrate salts in addition to 2 M and 150 mM Ca solutions. Salts were analyzed by Dynamic Vapour Sorption (DVS) and climate chamber experiments.Results:For both Ca salts, water sorption and desorption processes followed hysteresis curves which varied with T. Salt POD was T‐dependent and generally decreased with increasing T. For both Ca salts, the process of efflorescence began at or below 10% RH, at a certain level of water desorption Ca‐salts becoming highly concentrated solutions (HCS).Conclusions:Owing to the low point of efflorescence (POE) of both salts, drops of Ca‐chloride and Ca‐nitrate supplied as foliar sprays will not fully dry under normal RH and T conditions in most world areas. Both Ca salts have a similarly high foliar penetration potential despite their different POD. The significance of the results for the potential absorption of foliar fertilizers and salts by the foliage is discussed under an agronomic and eco‐physiological viewpoint.

A Systematic Study of the Limits of Life in Mixed Ion Solutions: Physicochemical Parameters Do Not Predict Habitability.

This study investigated what defines the limits of life in mixed ion solutions. Better understanding these limits should allow us to better predict the habitability of extreme environments on the Earth and extraterrestrial environments. We systematically examined the response of Bacillus subtilis, a well characterized non-halophile model organism, to a range of solutions made from single and mixed salts up to their solubility limits and measured at what concentration growth was arrested, specifically exploring Na, Mg, and Ca cations and Cl, SO4, and ClO4 anions. We measured the physicochemical properties of the solutions to identify which properties correlated with the limits of growth. Individual salts imposed a growth limit specific to the combination of cation and anion, although we generally observe that chloride salts allow growth at lower water activity than sulfate salts, with perchlorate restricting growth even at the highest measured water activity. Growth was limited at a wide range of ionic strength, with no apparently correlation. Despite the theoretically counteracting disordering effects (chaotropic) of perchlorates and ordering effects (kosmotropic) effects of sulfates, when these salts were combined they instead additively narrowed the window for growth in both the Na and Mg cation systems, in the same manner as the combined effects of two chaotropic Ca salts. Our results imply that away from hard limits that might be imposed by physicochemical properties such as water activity, ionic strength or chaotropicity in highly concentrated brines, these properties do not set the limits of life. Instead these limits are highly specific to the salts and organisms in question. This specificity means that the habitability of extreme environments cannot be predicted, even with accurate measurements of the physicochemical conditions present.

Influence of coexisting calcium ions during on-column phosphate adsorption and desorption with granular ferric oxide

Adsorption and desorption of phosphate by hydrated granular ferric oxide (GFO) were investigated using model phosphate wastewater (2 mg P/dm3) containing that also contained calcium and magnesium ions. The phosphate adsorption isotherm of GFO was fit with the Langmuir equation. GFO particles with an average size of 0.75 mm took up a maximum of 14.2 mg P/g. The intraparticle surface diffusivity (Ds) of phosphate was 1.0 × 10−11 m2/h. Phosphate adsorption breakthrough curves were obtained with a solution that contained alkaline earth metals (Ca, Mg) and one that did not. The breakthrough curves were compared to examine the effects of coexisting alkaline earth metal ions on-column phosphate adsorption. The column breakthrough volume (3800 times volume of the adsorbent bed, BV) with the solution containing Ca and Mg was over four times larger than that (860 BV) obtained with the Ca- and Mg-free solution at the same space velocity (SV 4.3/h). Greater uptake of P in the presence of Ca and Mg was ascribed to the precipitation of Ca salts in the GFO bed. Pretreatment with acid increased the efficiency of phosphate desorption in NaOH to regenerate phosphate-loaded GFO owing to the dissolution of precipitated Ca salts.

Effect of anion type on enzymatic hydrolysis of starch-(thermostable α-amylase)-calcium system in a low-moisture solid microenvironment of bioextrusion

The effect of six anions (Clˉ, OHˉ, NO3ˉ, SO42ˉ, C6H10O62ˉ and PO43ˉ) on a starch (St)-enzyme (thermostable α-amylase, TαA)-calcium (Ca) system was investigated in a low-moisture solid state. Two levels of Ca salts (1 and 10 mmol/100 g St) added to potato starch with and without TαA were analyzed by FT-IR, DSC and SEM. The surface morphologies of the St-Ca complexes were different in the presence of various anions, and the residual Ca salts around the St granules might decrease the enzymatic action. For bioextrusion, TαA (0.5‰ and 1.5‰) were introduced for a relatively low Ca content (1 mmol/100 g). Significant differences in enzyme activity were observed, increasing the activity of TαA by SO42ˉ (146.54 %) > C6H10O62ˉ > Clˉ > control > NO3ˉ > OHˉ ≈ PO43ˉ and C6H10O62ˉ (123.20 %) ≈ Clˉ ≈ SO42ˉ > control > PO43 > OHˉ > NO3ˉ for the low and high enzyme levels, respectively.

Analysis of Salt Mixture Contamination on Insulators via Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

The composition of contamination deposited on transmission line insulators can affect their surface flashover voltage. Currently, there is no rapid on-line method to detect this contamination composition in power grids. In this paper, we applied laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to analyze contamination on insulator surfaces. Usually, Na and Ca salts are found in contamination along with various sulfate, carbonate, and chloride compounds. As an element’s detection method, LIBS can only measure a certain element content, for example, Ca. The mixture of various compounds with the same cations can influence the LIBS signal. The influence of mixing ratios on the calibration curves and relative spectral intensity was studied via LIBS. Na2CO3, NaHCO3, CaSO4, and CaCO3 samples containing different proportions of Na and Ca were prepared. The linear correlation coefficients (R2) for the Na and Ca calibration curves generated using various mixing ratios were analyzed. The results showed that the mixture ratio did not dramatically affect the linear calibration curves for mixtures containing the same cations. This finding may significantly reduce the difficulty of applying LIBS analysis for complex contamination on insulators. The laser energy density had effects on the spectral characteristics of the measured elements. The partial least-square regression (PLSR) model can improve the accuracy of Na and Ca prediction.

Extraction of Phytin from Rice-Grain Processing Byproducts

Rice bran contains significant amounts of phosphorus compounds as inositol hexaphosphoric acid or its mixed Ca and Mg salts (phytin). The patterns of phytin extraction from rice bran and the possibility of further optimization of the technological process were studied.

Using low-moisture molasses-based blocks to supplement Ca salts of soybean oil to forage-fed beef cows.

This experiment compared plasma fatty acid (FA) profile of forage-fed beef cows receiving a molasses-based supplement enriched with Ca salts of soybean oil [CSSO; 24.7% of dry matter (DM)] via a self-fed low-moisture block (LMB) or hand-fed granular concentrate daily (CONC). Thirty-six nonlactating, nonpregnant, multiparous beef cows were blocked by age (three blocks), ranked within blocks by body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS), and allocated to 1 of three drylot pens (27 × 10 m) per block. Nine pens with four cows each were enrolled in a replicated 3 × 2 Latin square design with two periods of 42 d, and a 21-d washout interval. On day 0, pens within each block were randomly assigned to receive one of the three treatments, in a manner that pens did not receive the same treatment in both periods (total n = 6 pens per treatment). Cows received hay (Cynodon dactylon), water, and a mineral–vitamin mix for ad libitum consumption during the study. Hay intake was recorded daily from days 0 to 42, and LMB intake was recorded from days 14 to 42 to allow cows to adapt to supplement with minimal interference from days 0 to 13. The CONC was offered at 0.420 kg/cow daily (DM basis) from days 0 to 13 and then adjusted (days 14 to 42) to match LMB intake. Cow BW and BCS were recorded, and blood samples were collected on days 0, 14, 28, and 42. Average LMB intake during the initial 13 d was 0.846 ± 0.107 kg/cow daily (DM basis). Supplement DM intake did not differ (P = 0.39) between LMB and CONC cows from days 14 to 42 as designed (0.570 vs. 0.583 kg/d, respectively; SEM = 0.011), despite a greater variation in daily intake of LMB vs. CONC (treatment × day interaction; P < 0.01). No treatments effects were noted (P ≥ 0.40) for hay intake, BCS, and BW. Treatment × day interactions were detected (P ≤ 0.01) for plasma concentrations of ω-6 polyunsaturated FA and total FA. On day 0, plasma FA profile did not differ (P ≥ 0.20) between treatments. From days 14 to 42, plasma concentrations of linoleic acid, ω-6 polyunsaturated FA, and total FA were greater (P < 0.01) in CONC and LMB vs. NOSUPP cows. Plasma concentrations of these FA were also greater (P ≤ 0.03) in LMB vs. CONC cows on day 14, but did not differ (P ≥ 0.35) on days 28 and 42. These results indicate that CSSO inclusion into LMB resulted in similar incorporation of ω-6 polyunsaturated and total FA in the circulation compared with CONC offered at the same daily rate. Hence, the use of self-fed LMB appears to be a valid strategy to provide CSSO to forage-fed beef cattle with reduced labor needs.

CALCIUM AND IRON ABSORPTION: INVITRO STUDIES

Studies on human subjects have shown that Ca (Ca) will inhibit iron (Fe) absorption, regardless of whether or not it's given as Ca salts or in dairy farm products. This has caused concern as increased Ca intake usually is usually recommended for kids and girls, similar populations that are in danger of metal deficiency. However, a radical review of studies on humans during which Ca intake was considerably increased for long periods shows no changes in hematologic measures or indicators of iron standing. Thus, the repressing impact additionally be|is also} of short period and there also is also counteractive mechanisms. The interaction between Ca and metal is also a lumenal event, poignant metal uptake through DMT1 (divalent metal transporter 1) at the top membrane. However, it's additionally attainable that inhibition happens throughout metal transfer into circulation, suggesting roles for the serosal bourgeois ferroportin (FPN) and hephaestin. We explored these prospects in human enteral Caco-2 cells cultivated in monolayers. Iron transport (fifty nine Fe) and expression of DMT1, FPN, and hephaestin were assessed when one.5 and four hours with zero or a hundred μM CaCl 2. though Ca failed to have an effect on metal uptake or DMT1 expression at one.5 hours, FPN abundance at the basolateral membrane remittent, leading to increased cellular metal retention and remittent metal efflux. when four hours, DMT1 and FPN expression increased and there was an increased FPN.

PSIV-B-25 Late-Breaking: Maternal supply of polyunsaturated fatty acids and methionine during late- gestation alters amino acid transporters and global DNA methylation in the lamb small intestine

Abstract The intestine plays a crucial role in nutrient digestion and absorption, and its function is critical for animal growth and health. However, the effect of maternal nutrition on offspring’s intestine is not well documented. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of maternal supply of polyunsaturated fatty acids, methionine or both during late-gestation on offspring’s intestine amino acids transporters and global DNA methylation. Twenty ewes were used in a randomized block design and treatments were arranged in a 2×2 factorial design. Treatments were: 1) control diet (CTR) without polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) or methionine (MET) supplementation; or supplemented with 2) Ca salts of PUFA (1% DMI; Strata G113®, Virtus Nutrition); rumen-protected MET (0.1% DMI; Smartamine®, Adisseo); and 4) PUFA and MET (PUFA+MET). Treatments were fed from day 100 to 145 of gestation. On day 145, ewes were euthanized and fetuses’ intestines were sampled. Protein quantification of amino acid transporters was measured using Simple Western System and global DNA methylation was determined using a commercial kit. No interactions between PUFA×MET were observed for the variables analyzed. PUFA increased (P ≤ 0.03) global DNA methylation and protein expression of SLC7A5, SLC38A2, and SLC38A10 compared with CTR. Furthermore, PUFA tended to increase (P = 0.07) SLC38A1 protein expression compared with CTR, whereas no difference (P &amp;gt; 0.05) was observed for SLC6A9. Compared with CTR, MET increased (P ≤ 0.05) global DNA methylation and SLC38A10 protein expression, and tented to increase (P ≤ 0.10) SLC6A19 and SLC38A2. MET did not affect SLC7A5 and SLC38A1 compared with CTR. Maternal supply of PUFA and MET led to greater protein expression of amino acid transporters and global DNA methylation on offspring’ intestine; however, the effects of these nutrients were not additive. Further research is necessary to better understand the role of DNA methylation on intestine’s amino acid transporters.

PSXIII-33 Polyunsaturated fatty acid and their fetal programming effect on the FFARs from ewe lambs’ ovaries

Abstract Free fatty acids (FA) receptors (FFAR) are critical for metabolic functions and energy homeostasis. The FFAR1 and FFAR4 are activated by long-chain polyunsaturated FA, but FFAR2 and FFAR3 join to short-chain FA. There is no evidence fetal programming on nutritional effects on those receptors, insulin receptor (INS-R) and stereological enzyme in lambs’ ovaries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation to ewes during late gestation on finishing lamb ovary gene expression. Lambs born from ewes supplemented with Ca salts of EPA and DHA (PUFA), or palm FA distillate (PFAD) high in palmitic and oleic acid at 0.39% DM during the last 50d of gestation were used. After weaning and high concentrate diet adaptation (45d), 14 Hampshire x Dorset cross females lambs were blocked by initial BW and used in a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments using the factors of dam supplementation and lamb diets (PUFA or PFAD at 1.5% DM). At day 42, lambs were euthanized and ovary samples were obtained for FFARs, INS-R and steroid acute regulatory protein (STAR) mRNA concentration analysis. There was a dam diet effect on the abundance of FFAR4 mRNA (P = 0.05); lambs born from PUFA dams showed greater concentration than PFAD. Also, PUFA lambs tend to have greater concentration of FFAR4 (P = 0.07). The abundance of FFAR2, INS-R, and STAR mRNA was not significant for dam or lamb diet effect (P &amp;gt; 0.1). The mRNA of FFAR1 and FFAR3 were no found in the samples. However, mRNA concentration of FFAR2 and STAR were positively associated (r = 0.74 P &amp;lt; 0.05). In conclusion, dam and lamb diets modified FFAR4 mRNA concentration; and there might be a functional association between FFAR2 and STAR.

PSIV-B-26 Late-Breaking: Polyunsaturated fatty acids and methionine supplementation during late gestation alters fetal liver development in sheep

Abstract Supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids or methionine have a fetal programming effect in mammals. However, the effect of both nutrients on fetal development and DNA methylation have not been explored. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), methionine, or both to ewes during late gestation on fetus development and liver global DNA methylation. Twenty ewes (n = 5) were supplemented from day 100 to 145 of gestation. The treatments were: 1) control diet (CONT) without EPA and DHA supplementation (PUFA) or methionine supplementation (MET); 2) control plus PUFA (1 % Ca salts of fatty acids intake, Strata G113®); 3) control plus MET (0.1 % rumen protected methionine intake, Smartamine®); and 4) control plus PUFA and MET (PUFA+MET). On day 145, ewes were euthanized and fetuses were removed. Ewe, fetus, placenta, and fetal liver were weighed. Plasma samples were collected from ewes and fetuses to measure concentration of glucose and NEFA. Liver global DNA methylation was analyzed. Data was analyzed as a complete randomized experiment with a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Ewe supplementation did not affect (P &amp;gt; 0.1) fetus and placental weight. There was an interaction of treatment effect (P = 0.02) on fetal liver weight and ewe BW; CONT and PUFA+MET were grater that PUFA and MET. There were no differences (P &amp;gt; 0.10) on ewe and fetus NEFA as well as fetus glucose, but MET increased (P = 0.03) ewe plasma glucose concentration. Both treatments affected liver global DNA methylation of fetus (main effects P &amp;lt; 0.01; interaction P = 0.32); all the treatments increased global DNA methylation compared, with CONT, and PUFA+MET has greater than PUFA and MET. In conclusion PUFA and methionine supplementation in late gestation modified fetus liver development and DNA methylation.