C60 Nanoparticles Research Articles

In vivo, in vitro and in silico anticancer investigation of fullerene C60 on DMBA induced breast cancer in rats

AimsThe aim of the study was to determine the protective and therapeutic effect of fullerene C60 nanoparticle on DMBA-induced breast cancer in rats. Main methodsIn vitro cell viability was determined by the WST-1 test. In vivo analysis was performed in female Wistar Albino rats. The expression of caspase-3, Bcl-2, Nrf-2, NF-κB, TNF-α, COX-2, p53, IL-6, IL-1α ve p38α (MAPK) proteins were assessed by western blotting. Furthermore, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase activity (CAT), total protein levels and DNA damage were investigated. In addition, tissues were evaluated by histopathologically. In in silico analysis, the binding affinities of the fullerene C60 nanoparticle to transcription factors such as caspase-3, Bcl-2, Nrf-2, NF-κB, TNF-α, COX-2, VEGF and Akt were demonstrated by molecular docking. Key findingsTreatment of MCF-7 cells at various concentrations of fullerene C60 (0.1 to 100 mg/ml) inhibited cell viability in a dose dependent manner. Fullerene C60 treated rats exhibited considerable increase in the level of caspase-3 while decrease in the level of pro-survival protein Bcl-2. Bcl-2, NF-κB, TNF-α, COX-2, IL-6, IL-1α and p38α (MAPK) protein expression levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were decreased in the C60 + DMBA groups compared to the DMBA group. It was observed that caspase-3, Nrf-2 and p53 protein expression levels, glutathione (GSH) level, catalase activities (CAT) and total protein levels increased significantly which was further confirmed through the resulting DNA fragmentation. SignificanceIn silico assays, fullerene C60 has been observed to have similar affinity to some crystal ligands, especially against cancer.

Abnormally High‐Lithium Storage in Pure Crystalline C60 Nanoparticles (Adv. Mater. 43/2021)

Lithium-Ion Batteries In article number 2104763, Dong-Hwa Seo, Chae-Ryong Cho, and co-workers demonstrate superior reversible lithium storage of pure face-centered-cubic C60 nanoparticles with uniform morphology and a new phase transformation of LixC60 during the lithiation/de-lithiation process both experimentally and theoretically. A full-cell showing the transport of Li ions between C60 anode and LiFePO4 cathode is represented in the cover image.

Abnormally High-Lithium Storage in Pure Crystalline C60 Nanoparticles.

Li+ intercalates into a pure face-centered-cubic (fcc) C60 structure instead of being adsorbed on a single C60 molecule. This hinders the excess storage of Li ions in Li-ion batteries, thereby limiting their applications. However, the associated electrochemical processes and mechanisms have not been investigated owing to the low electrochemical reactivity and poor crystallinity of the C60 powder. Herein, a facile method for synthesizing pure fcc C60 nanoparticles with uniform morphology and superior electrochemical performance in both half- and full-cells is demonstrated using a 1 m LiPF6 solution in ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate (1:1 vol%) with 10% fluoroethylene carbonate. The specific capacity of the C60 nanoparticles during the second discharge reaches ≈750 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 , approximately twice that of graphite. Moreover, by applying in situ X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and first-principles calculations, an abnormally high Li storage in a crystalline C60 structure is proposed based on the vacant sites among the C60 molecules, Li clusters at different sites, and structural changes during the discharge/charge process. The fcc of C60 transforms tetragonal via orthorhombic Lix C60 and back to the cubic phase during discharge. The presented results will facilitate the development of novel fullerene-based anode materials for Li-ion batteries.

Specific features of thermal properties of polymer composites containing conductive nanoparticles in non-conductive polymer matrices

The thermophysical properties of nanocompositions containing conducting nanoparticles of silver, gold, and fullerene C60 in nonconductive polymer matrices of various natures - chitosan, poly(vinylpyrrolidone), poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(allyl methacrylate), organic-inorganic copolymers based on hydroxyethyl methacrylate and poly(titanium oxide) are considered in detail. Gold or silver nanoparticles in polymer matrices of various natures were formed in situ by UV reduction of the corresponding precursors - HAuCl4 or AgNO3. The average size of the nanoparticles did not exceed 20 nm. Fullerene C60 was introduced either directly into the polymer matrix during the mixing process or on the synthesis of the polymer. The thermophysical properties of all polymer nanocomposites were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. In all cases, there is a significant decrease in the glass transition temperatures of the composites by an amount from 20 to 60°C relative to the glass transition temperature of the polymer matrix.

Fullerene C60 nanoparticle attenuates pain and tumor necrosis factor-α protein expression in hippocampus following diabetic neuropathy in rats

Fullerene C60 nanoparticle attenuates pain and tumor necrosis factor-α protein expression in hippocampus following diabetic neuropathy in rats

Sol-gel coating filled with SDS-stabilized fullerene nanoparticles for active corrosion protection of the magnesium alloy

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) surfactant was stabilized on the fullerene C60 nanoparticles. The raw, aminated (F-NH 2 ), and SDS-stabilized (F-SDS) fullerene nanoparticles were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). Then, the functionalized nanoparticles were dispersed inside the sol-gel coating for active corrosion protection of AM60B magnesium alloy . Suitable dispersion of the F-SDS nanoparticles inside the sol-gel coating was confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). After addition of the F-NH 2 and F-SDS nanoparticles, micrometric defects in the sol-gel coating disappeared. A relative increment in the surface roughness of the coating was observed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) after incorporation of the F-NH 2 and F-SDS nanoparticles. Also, a considerable improvement in the corrosion protection of the sol-gel coating after addition of the F-NH 2 and F-SDS nanoparticles (500 ppm) was shown by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in 3.5 wt% NaCl. Based on the SEM and EDS-mapping analyses at the end of the corrosion tests , the corrosion damages of the F-SDS containing sol-gel coating has been considerably reduced. • SDS molecules were successfully stabilized on the fullerene C60 nanoparticles. • SDS grafted nanoparticles (F-SDS) showed suitable dispersion in sol-gel coating. • The F-SDS containing coating was crack-free, uniform, and thermally resistive. • The F-SDS containing sol-gel film showed the best corrosion protection performance.

Non-Einstein Rheology in Segmented Polyurethane Nanocomposites

To provide a fundamental understanding regarding the potential of nanoparticle-induced viscosity reduction in segmented block copolymer-based nanocomposites, the shear rheological behavior of segmented polyurethane/C₆₀ nanocomposites (NPUs) was studied up to 2 wt % C₆₀, and the results were complemented by several dynamic and structural probes. The same microstructural features and dynamical relaxations were revealed for each matrix (PU) and its corresponding NPUs in the absence of deformation, representing the lack of difference in their dynamical behaviors at all studied C₆₀ content. Under shear, however, interesting changes in the terminal rheological properties of PUs were observed in the presence of a C₆₀ nanofiller. An anomalous terminal shear viscosity (η₀) reduction was found for microphase-mixed PUs at a low C₆₀ content of up to 0.5 wt %. However, the microphase-mixed NPUs containing a higher C₆₀ content as well as the microphase-separated NPUs showed a higher η₀ than their matrices. Slippage at the polymer/C₆₀ interfaces was suggested as a possible mechanism behind the viscosity reduction, which appeared controllable by the degree of microphase separation, the ratio of slip length to the nanoparticle size, and the stiffness of segments. Accordingly, an effective slip length, bₑff, was considered as the key factor in controlling the observed noncontinuum effects regarding the nanoparticle-induced viscosity reduction in the microphase-mixed PUs. When most C₆₀ nanoparticles of radius r are positioned on the hard segments (HSs) of microphase-mixed PUs, bₑff/r > 1 can lead to viscosity reduction, while the localization of C₆₀ in the vicinity of soft segments (SSs) increased the matrix’s η₀. A semiuniversal curve was also found to roughly estimate the η₀ values of various NPUs.

Dynamics and Pretransitional Effects in C60 Fullerene Nanoparticles and Liquid Crystalline Dodecylcyanobiphenyl (12CB) Hybrid System.

The report shows the strong impact of fullerene C60 nanoparticles on phase transitions and complex dynamics of rod-like liquid crystal dodecylcyanobiphenyl (12CB), within the limit of small concentrations. Studies were carried out using broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) via the analysis of temperature dependences of the dielectric constant, the maximum of the primary loss curve, and relaxation times. They revealed a strong impact of nanoparticles, leading to a ~20% change of dielectric constant even at x = 0.05% of C60 fullerene. The application of the derivative-based and distortion-sensitive analysis showed that pretransitional effects dominate in the isotropic liquid phase up to 65 K above the clearing temperature and in the whole Smectic A mesophase. The impact of nanoparticles on the pretransitional anomaly appearance is notable for the smectic–solid phase transition. The fragility-based analysis of relaxation times revealed the universal pattern of its temperature changes, associated with scaling via the “mixed” (“activated” and “critical”) relation. Phase behavior and dynamics of tested systems are discussed within the extended Landau–de Gennes–Ginzburg mesoscopic approach.

Pristine C60 Fullerene Nanoparticles Ameliorate Hyperglycemia-Induced Disturbances via Modulation of Apoptosis and Autophagy Flux.

Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent metabolic disorder associated with multiple complications including neuropathy, memory loss and cognitive decline. Despite a long history of studies on diabetic complications, there are no effective therapeutic strategies for neuroprotection in diabetes. Hyperglycemia-induced imbalance in programmed cell death could initiate a decline in neural tissue cells viability. Various nanomaterials can induce either cell death or cell survival dependent on the type and surface features. Pristine C60 fullerene is a nontoxic nanomaterial, which exhibits antioxidant and cytoprotective properties. However, the precise molecular mechanism with which the C60 nanoparticle exerts cytoprotective effect in diabetic subjects has not yet been fully addressed. Thus, this study aimed to determine whether C60 fullerene prevents oxidative stress impairment and to explore the effects of C60 fullerene on apoptosis and autophagy in diabetes mellitus to clarify its potential mechanisms. These effects have been examined for olive oil extracted C60 fullerene on the hippocampus of STZ diabetic rats. Up-regulation of Caspase-3, Beclin-1 and oxidative stress indexes and down-regulation of Bcl-2 were observed in the brain of STZ-diabetic rats. The exposure to C60 fullerene for a period of 12weeks ameliorate redox imbalance, hyperglycemia-induced disturbances in apoptosis and autophagy flux via modulation of Caspase-3, Bcl-2, Beclin-1 and LC3I/II contents. Furthermore, C60 fullerene ameliorated the LC3I/II ratio and prevented extremely increased autophagy flux. Contrarily, pristine C60 fullerene had no modulatory effect on all studied apoptotic and autophagy markers in non-diabetic groups. Therefore, oil extracted C60 fullerene exhibits cytoprotective effect in hyperglycemia-stressed hippocampal cells. The presented results confirm that pristine C60 fullerene nanoparticles can protect hippocampal cells against hyperglycemic stress via anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic effects and amelioration of autophagy flux. Moreover, C60 fullerene regulates a balance of autophagy via BCL-2/Beclin-1 reciprocal expression that could prevent functional disturbances in hippocampus.

Short-Term Introduction of Fullerene C60 Nanoparticles in Rat Small Intestine Induces the Rapid Development of Hepatocyte Pathology

Fullerenes C60 are used in various fields of industry; therefore, issues of studying their biosafety for living organisms, their biodistribution in organs and tissues organs and tissues of laboratory animals, and their induction of cellular pathologies are very important. In recent years, analytical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have proven their efficiency in detecting carbon nanoparticles in biological samples. Combining these methods can reveal pathological changes in cells induced by nanoparticles and detect accumulations of nanoparticles in them. The aim of the study was to reveal cellular pathologies upon direct short-term administration of fullerene C60 nanoparticles into the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of rats and to detect nanoparticles in samples of the small intestine and liver. The histological and ultrastructural analysis did not reveal pathological changes in the small intestine, but degenerative changes in hepatocytes were indicated in the form of accumulation of lipid inclusions. High-performance liquid chromatography and analytical TEM revealed no accumulations of fullerene C60 nanoparticles in the studied samples. Probably, hepatosteatosis may be a consequence of the indirect influence of C60 nanoparticles on liver cells. Apparently, the surface of fullerene C60 undergoes modifications in the GIT, and its contact with the cells of the small intestine induces the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, with their subsequent entry into the liver, leading to the rapid development of fatty degeneration. Revealing and identifying modified C60 nanoparticles and their metabolites, in turn, is a complex problem, which in the future can be solved using radiotracers, mass spectrometry, and modern metabolomic technologies.

Assessment on landfill liners as the barrier against C60 nanoparticles

Owing to the increasing usage of nanomaterials, it is imperative to assess their potential impacts on natural systems, and in particular, investigate if existing barriers can prevent nanomaterial emission in landfills because they will be disposed in landfills at the end of their useful lives. This study inspected the behavior of colloidal fullerene (nC60) in and around landfill liner materials. Sorption isotherm experiments using either natural soil or high density polyethylene geomembrane as sorbents showed that nC60 was readily removed by sorption to soil and precipitation, while there was no sorption to geomembrane. To investigate transport through soil, nC60 was injected into columns of compacted soil layers with a thickness of 3.3–4.2 cm and hydraulic conductivity <1 × 10−7 cm/s. The nanoparticles rarely passed through the layers owing to self-aggregation and/or screening by the soil layer. When they were detected in the effluent, breakthrough curves of an extraordinary shape were produced, which is presumably attributed to surface modification of collectors by deposited nC60. However, simulation using the obtained mass transport parameters showed that it is unlikely that nC60 from disposed C60-containing products would overcome compacted clay liners; therefore, its migration to the ambient environment would be negligible.

Tuning optical properties of monolayer MoS2 through the 0D/2D interfacial effect with C60 nanoparticles

The success of 2D materials reveals that material properties are highly dependent on their dimensionality. In heterostructure engineering, therefore, the dimensionality of interface also affects the coupling and process there. Here, we construct a fresh 0D/2D interface, demonstrating that their optical properties could be tuned due to the rich surface chemistry of nanoparticles. As a preliminary example, C60 nanoparticles are introduced onto monolayer MoS2 films through spin coating featured by simple operation, uniform coverage, wafer-scale fabrication and printing capability. A combined study of morphology characterization, optical measurement and band calculations has been performed on these heterostructures. The blue-shift of MoS2 photoluminescence peak is attributed to the efficient electron transfer from MoS2 to C60. Moreover, the emission behavior of C60/MoS2 heterostructures can evolve over time, which may relate to a non-equilibrium process governed by the kinetics and thermodynamic behavior of C60 nanoparticles upon the continued illumination of laser, with some potential in future dynamic imaging and thermal/light sensing systems. We are optimistic that, by further polishing the fabrication of 0D/2D heterostructures, their interaction effect could be in an artificial-atomic designing towards the flexible optical engineering with mixed 2D and 0D quantum confinements.

Hybrid Nanocomposites as Electrode Modifiers in Amperometric Immunosensors for the Determination of Amitriptyline

Various nanostructured materials (graphene, fullerene C60, carbon nanotubes, and cobalt nanoparticles as a label) are used as nanocomposites to modify the surface of primary signal converters (screen-printed graphite electrode) in the development of amperometric immunosensors for the determination of tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline. The use of nanomaterials improved the analytical characteristics of the corresponding immunosensors. The range of working concentrations of the immunosensor is 1 × 10–9–1 × 10–4 M, the lower limit of the analytical range is at a level of 5 × 10–10 M. The binding constants of antigen–antibody immune complexes are determined. Immunosensors are tested in the control of contents of medicinal preparations in urine.

Fullerene-induced crystallization toward improved mechanical properties of solvent casting polycarbonate films

This work provides a facile strategy to induce crystallization of polycarbonate (PC) through solvent casting method. Pristine fullerene (C60) and PC-modified C60 nanoparticles are applied as nucleating agents for PC, and the crystallization behavior of PC nanocomposite films is controlled by solvent casting preparation conditions. To investigate the relationship between crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of PC nanocomposite films, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing microscope and tensile tests are carried out. Pristine C60 can only induce the formation of bulk PC spherocrystals which have no help or even deteriorates the mechanical properties of PC/C60 nanocomposite films. By contrast, the PC-modified C60 achieves uniformly disperse in the matrix and induces the formation of microcrystalline structures. It is found that appropriate degree of crystallinity for the PC/modified C60 nanocomposite films can effectively improve the mechanical properties. Typically, the PC/0.50 wt%-modified C60 nanocomposite films prepared under 40 °C by tetrahydrofuran exhibits up to a 33% increment in tensile strength and 45% increment in Young’s modulus compared to neat PC films.

Effect of C60 nanoparticles on elasticity of small unilamellar vesicles composed of DPPC bilayers**Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61475196).

The interaction between C60 nanoparticles and biomembranes has been of great interest in researches over the past decades due to their novel applications as well as potential cytotoxicity. In this work, we study the deformation of the small unilamellar vesicles composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipid bilayers infiltrated with C60 nanoparticles of different molecular concentrations through coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. By employing the Helfrich spontaneous curvature model, the bending modulus and the spontaneous curvature of the vesicles with C60 nanoparticles of different concentrations are obtained according to the simulation data. The results show that the bending modulus and the spontaneous curvature of pure DPPC vesicle membranes are approximately 1.6 × 10−19 J and 1.4 nm−1, respectively. Both of them increase linearly approximately as the C60 concentration increases from 0 to 16.3%. The density profiles of vesicles, the order of lipid packing and the diffusion characteristics of DPPC and C60 are also investigated.

Licochalcone B Ameliorates Liver Cancer via Targeting of Apoptotic Genes, DNA Repair Systems, and Cell Cycle Control.

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1) is a ubiquitous multifunctional protein required in the DNA base excision repair pathway and a noteworthy reducing-oxidizing factor that regulates the activity of various transcription factors. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) assume a key role in directing the progression of the cell- cycle. The present study evaluated the synergistic efficacy of using licochalcone B (LCB) and fullerene C60 (FnC60) nanoparticles against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinoma in rats and relevant signaling pathways, with APE1/Ref-1 and CDK-4, as novel anti-cancer- targeting. LCB alone and in combination with FnC60 significantly decreased DNA fragmentation, oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine levels), APE1/Ref-1, CDK-4, retinoblastoma, B- cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), B-cell lymphoma-xL (Bcl-xL), and β-arrestin-2 mRNA expression, and APE1/Ref-1 and CDK-4 protein expression. In contrast, these treatments significantly increased the expression of protein 53 (p53), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and caspase-3. These data suggest that LCB either alone or in combination with FnC60 elicited significant protective effects against DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, which may have occurred because of the regulation of enzymes involved in DNA repair and cell-cycle control at S phase progression as well as the induction of apoptosis at the gene and protein expression levels. Furthermore, FnC60 potentiated the effect of LCB at the molecular level, possibly through targeting of cancerous cells.

Fullerene C60Nanoparticles Decrease Liver Oxidative Stress through Increment of Liver Antioxidant Capacity in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats

Chronic hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress in the liver and enhances the hepatic vulnerability to oxidative damage in diabetes mellitus. Since an excellent antioxidative stress property of fullerene C60 nanoparticles has been demonstrated in a wide range of in vitro and in vivo studies, we examined the effect of fullerene C60 nanoparticles on the oxidative stress markers in the liver of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8 for each group): normal, treated normal, diabetic, and treated diabetic groups. The rats were made diabetic by a single intravenous injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). Treated (normal and diabetic) rats received orally fullerene C60 nanoparticles (1 mg/kg/day) by a gavage tube for 8 weeks. At termination of the study, the oxidative stress parameters were determined in liver tissues, including malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as the content of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH). Treatment with fullerene C60 did not change blood glucose of normal and diabetic rats. Diabetes increased MDA levels and CAT activity but decreased GSH content in the liver. Fullerene C60 administration significantly decreased MDA levels and increased the activities of CAT and SOD as well as ameliorated the histopathological changes in the liver of diabetic rats. Taken together, the results of the present study indicated that fullerene C60 nanoparticles could decrease oxidative stress injury in the liver of diabetic rats likely through potentiation of the hepatic antioxidant capacity.

Preparation and Evaluation of Fullerene Based Nanomedicine

Fullerenes, large spherical molecules composed solely of carbon atoms, have gathered much attention for practical applications that take advantage of their unique spherical structure, physical properties, and biological activities. For example, fullerene C60 can function as a photosensitizer, an antioxidant, a bioimaging agent, and as a gene or drug carrier. However, the practical use of C60 for these potential biomedical applications has been hampered by the fact that it is only sparingly soluble in water. In this review, we focus on the development of hydrophilic C60 nanoparticles, the surface of which is covered by cyclodextrin (CD), and then evaluate its biological activities. C60/CD nanoparticles were stable under physiological conditions, and even under much harsher conditions. The nanoparticles generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under visible light irradiation. Efficient photodynamic therapy against tumor growth was achieved by the intravenous injection of C60/CD nanoparticles to tumor bearing mice, followed by photoirradiation. In addition, C60(OH)10, which is regarded as a potential candidate for use in scavenging ROS, was also prepared in the form of water soluble nanoparticles. C60(OH)10/CD nanoparticles protect the liver from injury by the suppression of oxidative stress occurring in the mitochondria, for example, by scavenging ROS such as superoxide anion radicals (O2・-), nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-), which act as critical mediators in liver injuries. C60-based nanoparticles represent a potentially promising material for use in the treatment of cancer and oxidative stress-related diseases, and are promising as well in terms of extensive biological applications.

Toxicity of dextran stabilized fullerene C60 against C6 Glial cells

Elevated application potential of fullerene C60 paved the way to think on its adverse effect when it reaches to biological system and environment. Though fullerenes are insoluble in water, various strategies are employed to make it soluble. Method of solubilization with organic solvents, yield cytotoxic responses both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, dextran was used to stabilize C60 particle. Fourier transformed-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and transition electron microscopy (TEM) were used for characterization and it confirms effective surface stabilization and morphological characteristics. This was followed by various cytotoxicity studies to evaluate its bio-nano interactions. The results of the study suggest that the dextran stabilized C60 nanoparticles (Dex-C60) forms uniform suspension in water and was stable up to 72 h. The C6 glial cell-Dex-C60 interactions indicated that the Dex-C60 nanoparticles penetrate deeper into the cells and cause dose dependent toxic response. The result of the study recommended that Dex-C60 nanoparticles should undergo intensive risk assessment before biomedical applications and should take proper safety measure to avoid its entry to the environment.

Layer-by-layer assembled nanocoating containing MoS2 nanosheets and C60 for enhancing flame retardancy properties of flexible polyurethane foam

A novel three bilayers nanocoating containing MoS2 nanosheets and C60 was constructed on the surface of flexible polyurethane (FPU) foam by a layer-by-layer assembly method. MoS2 nanosheets were prepared by ultrasonic-assistant exfoliation method in a mixed solvent of N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) and aqueous hydrogen peroxide (30% H2O2). MoS2-C60/FPU foam was prepared by alternately submerging the FPU foam into C60/guargum and MoS2/sodium alginate suspensions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization showed that MoS2 nanosheets and C60 nanoparticles were uniformly distributed on the surface of FPU foam matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that MoS2-C60/FPU foam exhibited better thermal stability than the control FPU foam. Cone calorimeter test results revealed that MoS2-C60/FPU foam with the incorporation of 5.24 wt% MoS2-C60 nanocoating had a remarkable reduction in peak heat release rate (pHRR, 47.5% reduction), total heat released (THR, 51.1% reduction) and total smoke production (TSP, 33.1% reduction) compared with those of the control FPU foam. Furthermore, the morphology and structure of char residue after cone calorimeter test were investigated by SEM and Raman spectroscopy. The possible flame-retardant mechanism of MoS2-C60/FPU foam was proposed, and this significant improvement in flame retardancy could be ascribed to the insulating barrier and adsorption effect of MoS2 nanosheets, free radicals-trapping ability of C60 in condensed phase, and the catalytic carbonization effect of the MoS2-C60 nanocoating. This work provides a new approach for producing high quality flame retardant polyurethane foam materials.