Backgroun: SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with inflammatory, metabolic, haematological, and immunological changes, which contributed to the increase in morbidity and mortality. Objective: To illustrate changes in some biomarkers (ESR, ferritin, CRP, D. dimer, ALT, AST, creatinine, and urea) during COVID-19 and their predictive value in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in rural and urban areas in which sophisticated tests were not available. Materials and Methods: The study includes 154 COVID-19 patients with positive RT-PCR. Sixty age and sex-matched individuals were included as controls. The study was conducted during the period from 23rd July 2021 to the end of December 2021. The subjects with a history of liver diseases, pregnant women, an age of less than 18, and chronic renal failure were excluded. The informed consent was taken from each individual before their enrolment in the study. The study was performed in compliance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Venous blood samples were collected from both groups and tested for determination of creatinine, urea, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D dimer, ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) using a Mindray BS 240 chemical auto-analyzer. Results: The mean serum values were significantly higher (P= 0.01 – 0.001) in COVID-19 patients as compared to matched controls for creatinine, blood urea, ALT, AST, ESR, LDH, D- dimer, ferritin, and CRP. In addition, the mean serum levels of ALT, AST, ESR, LDH, D-dimer, ferritin, and CRP were higher than the values of normal ranges. Although, creatinine and urea mean serum values were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients, their mean values were within the normal range values. ESR was highly significantly (p < 0.001) correlated with ALT, AST, LDH, urea, ferritin, and CRP. While LDH was highly significantly correlated with creatinine, urea, ESR, ferritin, and CRP. Also, D. dimer was significantly highly correlated with ferritin, and CRP. Serum ferritin was highly significantly correlated with creatinine, urea, ESR, LDH, D. dimer, and CRP. While CRP was highly significantly correlated with creatinine, urea, ESR, LDH, D. dimer, and ferritin. Conclusion: ESR, CRP, Ferritin, D. dimer, LDH, AST, ALT, urea, and Creatinine levels in venous blood were significantly elevated in COVID-19 patients compared with controls. Sex- influenced serum levels of C-reactive protein, creatinine, and urea in this study cohort. Serum levels of tested biomarkers may be useful in the diagnosis of COVID-19 in primary healthcare centres, especially in rural areas in developing countries.

To identify factors linked to systemic inflammation and evaluate the predictive value of novel inflammatory biomarkers in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. We enrolled 111 maintenance PD patients, stratified by C-reactive protein (CRP) into a normal group (CRP<3mg/L) and an inflammation group (CRP ≥3mg/L). We compared clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, and novel inflammatory biomarkers. Analyses included group comparisons, Spearman correlations between CRP and clinical parameters, multiple linear regression relating novel biomarkers to CRP, and binary logistic regression with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for predictive value. The inflammation group had significantly lower urine volume, hemoglobin (HGB), prealbumin (pre-ALB), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and transferrin saturation (TSAT), but higher serum ferritin (SF) and white blood cell count (WBC) (p<0.05). CRP positively correlated with age, neutrophils, monocytes, WBC, SF, glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), triglycerides, β2-microglobulin, and novel indices include systemic immune inflammation index (SII), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), platelet-albumin ratio (PAR), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), albumin-prealbumin ratio (APR), and aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI) (p<0.05). Negative correlations existed with HGB, pre-ALB, residual urea clearance index (Kt/V), residual creatinine clearance (CCr), residual glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and electrolytes (Na, Cl, Mg) (p<0.05). Multiple linear regression identified AISI and APR as independent predictors of CRP levels. ROC analysis showed that the combination of AISI and APR had superior diagnostic utility for systemic inflammation compared to individual indices. Systemic inflammation in PD patients is associated with impaired nutrition, anemia, and reduced residual renal function. AISI and APR strongly correlate with CRP, and their combination significantly enhances prediction of systemic inflammation, providing a valuable clinical tool for risk stratification.

Systemic inflammation during pregnancy is associated with adverse health outcomes for both mother and child. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a widely used biomarker of inflammation, and its levels may be influenced by environmental factors. This study examined the association between 26 components of the external urban exposome-including air pollutants, land use, and access to green and blue spaces-and CRP concentrations in 1547 pregnant women from the INMA birth cohort in Spain (Gipuzkoa, Sabadell, and Valencia). Environmental exposures during the first trimester were assessed using GIS-based indicators and land-use regression models, and were grouped into low, moderate, and high exposome clusters using hierarchical clustering on principal components. Associations between exposome clusters and CRP were evaluated using multivariable linear regression models and meta-analyses, adjusting for maternal and lifestyle covariates. No significant associations were found between exposome clusters and CRP levels. However, specific air pollutants-fine particulate matter (PM2.5: 1.08% increase per unit; 95% CI: 1.02-1.15) and nitrogen oxides (NOx: 1.03%; 95% CI: 1.00-1.06)-were positively associated with CRP. No associations were observed for green space indicators or other built environment variables. CRP concentrations also varied by region, with the highest levels observed in Valencia (3.2±4.6mg/dL). These findings suggest that while overall urban exposome profiles may not predict systemic inflammation, individual air pollutants such as PM2.5 and NOx are key contributors. Targeting these exposures in maternal health strategies may help mitigate inflammation-related risks during pregnancy, supporting the need for more detailed and component-specific exposome assessments.

The prevalence of lameness in group-housed gestating sows is high and lameness associated with reduced sow welfare and longevity is one of the main reasons for involuntary culling. C-reactive protein (CRP) and pig major acute phase protein (Pig-MAP) are elevated in lameness in sows, and acute phase proteins are associated with prognosis in cows and humans. This study aimed to investigate whether CRP and Pig-MAP, combined with clinical signs, could be used prognostically to predict recovery of lameness in gestating sows. This was investigated using a longitudinal study design with sows from three conventional herds. The sows were included if moderately to critically lame and followed for up to 28 days. The treatment consisted of relief in a sick pen, antibiotics, and NSAIDs. A blood sample was taken at inclusion and at exit from the study to determine CRP and Pig-MAP levels. Of the 116 sows, included 54.3% recovered, and 3.4% had to be euthanised. The mean CRP levels at inclusion were 240.5 µg/mL in the recovery group and 327.4 µg/mL in the non-recovery group. The Pig-MAP levels were 2.03 mg/mL and 2.29 mg/mL in the recovery and non-recovery groups, respectively. The logistic regression revealed that the odds of recovery were not significantly affected by clinical signs or acute phase protein levels. In conclusion, neither clinical signs nor CRP and Pig-MAP levels could be used to predict recovery in lame gestating sows.

Prognostic value of GLIM criteria with and without inflammation assessment in older patients with heart failure: FRAGILE-HF cohort.

Virtual reality exercises versus high volume resistance training on body fat and blood biomarkers in obese adult females: A randomized controlled study.

Yearlong fluctuations of vitamin D status, intake, and health outcomes in university students: A prospective longitudinal study.

Evolution of triglyceride and total cholesterol levels after critical illness: Preliminary insights into post-ICU metabolic sequelae.

Inflammatory factors and cerebral hemodynamics in patients with first-episode and recurrent depression.

Daily discrimination and inflammation patterns among Black and Hispanic adolescents.

Fatigue, muscle fatigability, and the Hallmarks of Aging: a narrative review.

The association between adalimumab trough levels and disease activity was evaluated in a real-world population with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The distribution of adalimumab serum levels, proportion of patients with therapeutic exposure to adalimumab, and the presence of antidrug antibodies (ADAs) were explored to determine the utility of therapeutic drug monitoring in RA. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 72 patients with RA who were treated with adalimumab at Maasstad Hospital between May 2022 and March 2023. The adalimumab trough levels and ADAs were measured at the steady state. Disease activity was assessed using the using the Disease Activity Score-28 based on C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP). Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between adalimumab levels, disease activity, and clinical covariates, including sex, body mass index, and concomitant methotrexate use. The interindividual variability in the adalimumab trough levels was wide (range: 1.2-16 mcg/mL; median: 5.9 mcg/mL). No significant association was observed between the adalimumab trough levels and DAS28-CRP scores ( P > 0.05). ADAs were present in 13.9% of the patients, and the drug levels were undetectable in 4.2%. The adalimumab trough levels were considerably higher in women than in men ( P < 0.05), whereas extended dosing intervals were associated with lower adalimumab concentrations but not with higher disease activity. The variability in adalimumab exposure is wide in patients with RA. However, no clear association was observed between adalimumab exposure and disease activity. These findings suggest that therapeutic drug monitoring aids in identifying patients with underexposure or overexposure to adalimumab and support individualized dose optimization, particularly in patients with low disease activity. Future prospective studies are required to evaluate the longitudinal effects of TDM-guided strategies.

According to recent studies, serum soluble Fas (sFas) levels are related to inflammatory markers, cardiovascular disease, anemia, and kidney dysfunction. The present study analyzes the association between sFas, inflammatory markers, and kidney dysfunction. This meta-analysis was conducted using the R program, along with a systematic review that employed the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines to assess risk of bias in observational studies. The PubMed, MEDLINE, and SciELO electronic databases were used. Search filters were applied to include all articles in English. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test, τ2 (tau-squared), and the I2 statistic, and a random-effects model (DerSimonian-Laird method) was applied due to the presence of moderate heterogeneity among the included cohort studies. The systematic review and meta-analysis comprised 24 articles, which presented a significant risk of bias. Among the selected cohort studies, 1,449 patients had kidney dysfunction. Of these, 512 (57%) were men. The mean serum creatinine, IL-6, C-reactive protein, and sFas values (8.635 pg/mL and 3.206 pg/mL) were higher in patients with kidney dysfunction. There were also positive correlations between serum sFas, IL-6 levels, and creatinine. These findings suggest a potential role of sFas in inflammation and the progression of kidney diseases. Our study demonstrated that sFas is a uremic retention solute associated with inflammation. Further research is crucial to confirm sFas as a biomarker or its role as a uremic toxin.

Traffic noise, air pollution, and greenness in relation to age-related macular degeneration: Evidence from a cross-national cohort study.

Using biomarkers to detect intramammary infections in dairy cows at dry-off.

Not Like in the Textbook - Neonatal and Infant Appendicitis is a Challenging Diagnosis.

This study aimed to investigate: (1) whether Body Mass Index (BMI) and peripheral inflammation are associated with cognitive performance in bipolar disorder (BD) and healthy controls (HCs), and (2) the potential mediating role of inflammation in the BMI-cognition link. As part of an ongoing study, 127 participants (79 BD, 48 HCs) completed the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery. C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were quantified in blood, and a composite inflammation index was created and utilized in primary analyses. Regression and mediation analyses were conducted using SAS. The BD group had higher inflammation compared to HCs (p < 0.05). In the entire sample of BD individuals and HCs, higher BMI was associated with worse global cognitive performance, controlling for age, sex, diagnosis, education and medical comorbidity (beta = -0.22, p = 0.006). This association remained evident in the BD group, controlling for additional clinical factors (p < 0.05). Higher inflammation was associated with worse global cognition, controlling for relevant covariates in the entire sample (beta = -0.19, p = 0.024); however, this association was no longer significant in the BD group after controlling for additional clinical factors (p = 0.09). The indirect effect of BMI on global cognition through IL-6 was statistically different from zero (ab: beta = -0.09, CI = -0.18, -0.01) in the entire sample, holding age and sex constant, suggesting that IL-6 partially accounts for the association between BMI and cognitive performance. However, this finding should be interpreted cautiously, given the modest sample size and exploratory analyses suggesting that the indirect effect may differ by diagnostic group. BMI may serve as a potential biomarker and treatment target for obesity-related cognitive impairment in both BD and the general population, with IL-6 potentially contributing to this association.

A quercetin derivative from Sarcostemma brevistigma mitigates silica-induced pulmonary injury via regulation of TLR4/NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways.

Inflammatory biomarkers and white matter microstructure in borderline personality disorder: A cross-sectional study.

Foods rich in anti-inflammatory components and anti-inflammatory supplements for the prevention and treatment of Sarcopenia in older adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.