Business In Mexico Research Articles

STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FROM FOREIGN COMPANIES TO LOCAL COMPANIES IN MEXICO TO INCREASE REAL INCOME AND EMPLOYMENT

This research examines strategies to enhance technology transfer from foreign companies to local businesses in Mexico to boost income and employment. Despite significant foreign direct investment (FDI), Mexico has seen limited improvements in wages and high-skill job opportunities. The study will find solutions to identified problems including the dominance of foreign firms, which contribute to these challenges. Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, the research will collect data from 15 local and foreign companies, focusing on patent purchases, staff qualifications, and intellectual property charges. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) will be used to analyze the relationships between education, human capital, and firm performance in facilitating technology transfer. The findings will inform policy recommendations to improve local productivity, wages, and Mexico's competitiveness in the global economy.

Sustainability and Ecotourism: the Learning Process of a Small Business in Mexico

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the implementation process of ecotourism, with the aim of understanding the different forms of knowledge generation and learning in a company with precolonial references. Theoretical Framework: This topic presents the main concepts and theories that support the research through the critical perspective of Organizational Studies. The binomial knowledge-organizational learning stands out, providing a solid foundation to understand the context of the research. Method: The methodology adopted for this research includes a case study based on a qualitative approach with a phenomenological approach. Interviews were conducted with members of the organizations and advisors who supported the implementation of the ecotourism model. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews, participant observation and document analysis. Data were analyzed with an interactive model using an inductive approach. Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed the influence that the origin and ownership of the land has on the process of conception and practice of ecotourism. In the discussion section, cooperation between community members stands out as essential in the management of knowledge and learning, and the achievement of organizational objectives. Implications of the research: These implications could cover the theoretical-methodological limits to understand these organizational forms that live between premodernity and modernity and the need to generate sustainable reproductive, consumption, distribution and maintenance systems. Organizational Studies present a critical vision in the analysis between the complementarities and contradictions that underpin the implementation and practice of ecotourism. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by exposing the nature of this type of organizations with precolonial references where ecotourism merges with the traditions, rituals and worldviews of the community, exposing tensions and paradoxes of an organizational model that incorporates contradictory elements and at the same time complementary, such as sustainable development. The relevance and value of this research is evident in understanding the knowledge-learning process from the perspective of the subjects and the practical application in the implementation of ecotourism based on the nature of land ownership.

Return Migration and Businesses in Mexico

Return Migration and Businesses in Mexico

Personal and behavioral characteristics in the control of toxic substances in handicraft businesses in Mexico

This study relied on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to analyze the control of toxic substances based on schooling and ethnicity as personal variables and attitude and environmental knowledge as behavioral variables. The article contributes to the study of the direct relationships of these variables and the analysis of the control of toxic substances as a type of specific environmental behavior little evaluated in the scientific literature. The article also points out the health and safety problems that traditional pottery artisans face with the use of toxic substances in making their handcraft pieces and identifies strategies that minimize the occupational risks of artisans and provide them with social security. A model is empirically validated using the partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) based on survey data of Mexican handicraft small businesses. The control of toxic substances was objectively measured through instantaneous lead detectors called “Lead Check Swabs”. The results suggest that the schooling, mostly artisans with complete primary up to bachelor's degrees, and the environmental knowledge, particularly the knowledge that the artisan has regarding the damage that toxic substances cause to his health and the natural environment, as well as his knowledge regarding the impact that his activity causes in the environment, all explain the control of toxic, harmful substances. However, ethnicity and environmental attitudes do not influence artisans’ decision to use or not this type of substance.

The economic costs of insecurity on businesses in Mexico: A general equilibrium perspective

This article contributes to the study of the economic consequences of crime among businesses in Mexico. To this end, we construct a static general equilibrium model of the Mexican economy based on a social accounting matrix, introducing crime as a combination of sales or capital use taxes. We found that the effects of crime on businesses in Mexico (robbery, extorsion and the costs of crime prevention) are not minor. Calibrating the tax rates with the Enterprise Survey of the World Bank, the loss for the insecurity is of the order of 4 to 5 percent of GDP. Even the model is static, this study contributes to the literature, since it shows that if firms are able to shift the crime tax forward, the household losses are equivalent to a proportional tax. To the extent that firms shift it backward, especially to capital, crime functions as a progressive tax.

Evolution of corporate social responsibility towards sustainability in Mexico 2013-2019

Since the Millennium Development Goals set out in 1999 by the UN, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) under the framework of ISO 26000, 2011 and the Objectives for Sustainable Development Goals Agenda 2030, 2015, Mexico's Business Sector has been taking full relevance in the triple Bottom Line actions (economic, social and environmental). This study shows the results of a questionnaire structured under the ISO 26000 reference framework, designed by ResPonsable, which was applied to a representative sample of the Mexican Business Sector in 2013-2019, to describe, infer and project the degree of knowledge, interest and management of CSR in large companies and MSMEs in Mexico. The main results are flattering since companies during these six years (2013-2019) have decided to create CSR Committees, this being more frequent in large companies and have an annual budget for Social Responsibility activities, with more trained managers in the area, and with more knowledge, importance and maturity of CSR. The term Social Responsibility has evolved as an investment and not as an expense for large companies, while MiPymes still see it as an expense. It is possible to see a decline in CSR indicators as a profitable investment in the short, medium and long term. Concerning the CSR employees’ profile, the positions are vastly occupied by women, between 32 and 42 years, with a professional education level with CSR studies. The most active sector in the CSR is transportation and logistics, banking, energy and extractive industry, food and beverage, automotive and construction and infrastructure, focusing on labor practices, environment and human rights, being Corporate Governance the least developed in the companies.

A Triple-Helix Intervention Approach to Direct the Marble Industry towards Sustainable Business in Mexico

The marble industry in Mexico, similarly to the international market, is going through some problems which are characterized by low productivity performance, inconsistency in management and administrative organization, high raw material waste, and negative social and environmental impact. The methodology used in this paper is based on a systematic review of the strategies and solutions used to address these problems reported between 2014 and 2021, including the results of the application of in situ surveys to three marble companies in the Mixteca Poblana region. These surveys are collected in this article alongside industry experience to propose, in a structured way, a three-pronged management approach with the aim of directing the marble industry towards a sustainable industry model. The structure of this approach, based on forms of capital and sustainability dimensions, engages governments, companies, schools and society to guide this industrial sector to become a sustainable business, integrating knowledge and experience of the marble industry processes. We recommend adding performance metrics to this approach to assess the value chain of the marble industry.

Mexico's Business and Entrepreneurship in the Era of Nationalism

This article studies the evolution of business in Mexico from the Revolution (1910–1920) to the early 1980s, a period when the state played a major role in the economy and undertook nationalistic policies. It explores the development of distinctive features that characterize business in Latin America: the importance of family-owned diversified business groups and immigrants, the prominence of illegal business, the central role of the entrepreneur, and the greater need to forge ties with government agents for company success. We argue that while some of these features had existed earlier, during this era they took the form that has prevailed until the present day.

Capacidad tecnológica en la farmacia independiente mexicana para la incorporación de un sistema de ventas en línea

The current demands generated by the Covid-19 pandemic have forced many establishments to migrate theirbusinesses to an online platform, so it is important to know if independent pharmacies have the possibilityof making use of this tool, therefore that the objective of the present study was to diagnose the technologicalcapabilities of the independent pharmacy. The aim is to know if this type of business has the capabilitiesto incorporate an online sales system (e-commerce) as a sales strategy. The pilot study was carried out inthe metropolitan area that borders the northern area of Mexico City. A quantitative methodology with anexploratory and descriptive approach was used, through the survey method that was taken and modifiedfrom a study by Méndez (2020), which showed that independent pharmacies in the area lack technologicalinfrastructure despite that the staff has the ability to handle technology to incorporate e-commerce as a salesstrategy. This pilot study is effective for the diagnosis of technological capabilities in independent pharmacytypebusinesses and works as a model to apply it in a larger sample that allows to conclude a global realityof these businesses in Mexico.

Towards the Adoption of Social Commerce in Micro and Small Businesses in Mexico

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar las herramientas dentro del comercio social que han sido adoptadas por las micro y pequeñas empresas en México como apoyo a sus procesos de comercialización y promoción de productos y servicios en la nueva normalidad, así como los factores que dificultan la adopción de dichas herramientas. Para realizar el estudio se tomó como base la teoría de recursos y capacidades; para esto, se aplicó un cuestionario a 77 dueños o encargados de micro y pequeñas empresas y se llevó a cabo el procesamiento estadístico-descriptivo de los datos. Los principales hallazgos señalan que los motivos fundamentales de la no adopción del comercio social son el desconocimiento de este marco y la resistencia al cambio por parte de los micro y pequeños empresarios. Finalmente, se identificó que las principales herramientas que han sido adoptadas por este sector son Facebook y WhatsApp.

A Model To Measure Competitiveness In Touristic Companies In Mexico

The objective of this paper is to develop a model that measures competitiveness among tourism businesses in Mexico. To that end, this research consists of three parts: the first refers to the theoretical framework to define the competitiveness of a tourism company and proposes a theoretical business competitiveness model; the second deals with the development of a questionnaire upon the theoretical model; in the third part, the questionnaire and the theoretic model are validated using factor analysis and a competitiveness index, is presented.

The Origin of Crony Capitalism in Modern Mexico and its Current Impact on Foreign Direct Investment

This paper analyses to what extent crony capitalism (CC) affects international business activities. By using the case of Canadian companies investing in mining in Mexico, I explain in which ways CC impacts foreign direct investment. My argument is that CC does not imply negative consequences for international business activities if other variables are controlled at the domestic level. CC could even generate positive incentives to foreign investors, deepening corruption problems internally. This type of corruption does not elevate the risk perceived by foreign investors if the process of doing business in Mexico is under the control of domestic power groups.

Factors Affecting Women’s Intention to Lead Family Businesses in Mexico

The purpose of this study is to establish the prevalence of barriers to women’s leadership in the family business in terms of invisibility, the glass ceiling effect, and sexism. We conduct eight semi-structured interviews with women holding leading managerial roles in family businesses in Mexico to identify the factors that impede/facilitate their involvement. We apply the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in order to determine how these factors support/constrain women in their roles. We find that some factors and circumstances are critical for women to achieve an important leadership role in the family business. These factors entail levels of education and experience, the extent to which women participate in strategic decision making and governance of the firm, as well as the support of the company’s founder and other family members for these women’s efficacy and self-esteem. These results challenge some of the extant findings in the literature, thus enriching the current perspectives on the leadership role of women in family firms. Moreover, this research is the first attempt to analyze impediments to women under the TPB perspective as well as one of the few studies conducted on the topic in Latin America, specifically in Mexico.

SOCIAL CAPITAL AND INTERNATIONALIZATION OF FAMILY SMEs IN CAMPECHE, MEXICO: A QUALITATIVE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Theoretical framework – Our review examines the relational approach to internationalization and the strategic approach to family businesses. It covers three types of social capital, market orientation, and international business orientation. Design/methodology/approach – This is a fuzzy-set qualitative case study. Seven family SMEs from the fishing sector in Campeche, Mexico, compose the sample. Findings – Linking is determining factor for internationalization. The cessation of internationalization occurs in family businesses because of a lack of international entrepreneurship, the family's presence, and a lack of vertical links. Practical & social implications – This study expands the research on internationalization in family SMEs in an emerging economy context, empirically demonstrating how the analyzed exporters' social capital links directly influence their activity. For business professionals, the challenge is to manage their links abroad. Our results show that links play a crucial role in internationalization in this context. Exporters that have not internationalized are advised to strengthen their connections with key government institutions. Originality/value – We show that there is more than one optimal way for family SMEs to succeed in internationalization. Research on the internationalization of family businesses in Mexico is very scarce. Thus, this study responds to calls for further research on the internationalization of SMEs in emerging economies.

Tecnologías de vigilancia en las empresas mexicanas para protegerse de la inseguridad

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar los efectos de la violencia y la inseguridad en las empresas mexicanas, enfocándose en la inversión en medidas preventivas que consideran las tecnologías de vigilancia –alarmas y cámaras de video– como alternativa para protegerse de la inseguridad. A partir del análisis estadístico de cuatro encuestas de victimización de empresas en México –2012, 2014, 2016 y 2018– a las que se tuvo acceso a través del Laboratorio de Microdatos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI), se encontró que las empresas han incrementado su inversión en tecnologías de vigilancia en los últimos años y que esta inversión no está únicamente asociada con la victimización directa, sino también es una medida preventiva que se explica a partir de variables como el entorno a nivel local, la percepción de inseguridad, las fallas de la seguridad pública, entre otras.

Estimating Macroeconomic Models of Financial Crises: An Endogenous Regime-Switching Approach

We develop a new approach to estimating DSGE models with occasionally binding borrowing constraints and apply it to Mexico's business cycle and financial crisis history. We propose a new endogenous regime-switching specification of the borrowing constraint, develop a general perturbation method to solve the model, and estimate it using Bayesian methods. The estimated model fits the data with well-behaved shocks, identifying three crisis episodes of varying duration and intensity: the early-1980s Debt Crisis, the mid-1990s Tequila Crisis, and the late-2000s Global Financial Crisis. The estimated crisis episodes are much more persistent and in line with the data than traditional models.

Organizational capability for change and performance in artisanal businesses in Mexico

PurposeBusinesses in Mexico, particularly small and mid-sized companies, are faced with numerous challenges: a lack of competition, difficulty in positioning and maintaining oneself in the market, irrational use of natural resources, and poverty in the environment in which they develop. In spite of these problems, many are able to succeed; however, there is limited knowledge about how these businesses could implement organizational changes that would positively impact their results.Design/methodology/approachUsing dynamic capabilities theory and survey data obtained from pottery businesses in several artisan communities in Mexico through the application of face-to-face interviews, this paper analyzes the relationship between organizational capability for change (OCC) and economic and environmental performance.FindingsThis research proves that OCC positively and significantly impacts economic and environmental performance. Results contribute to the existing literature on OCC in the context of poverty.Originality/valueThis study offers empirical research that illustrates the relationship between OCC and the environmental and economic performance of pottery businesses. Additionally it contributes to a field of knowledge in progress; that is, OCC in contexts of subsistence where poverty is a constant issue. Artisans living in this context can also develop business capabilities that contribute to the permanence of their business in the market.

Estimating Macroeconomic Models of Financial Crises: An Endogenous Regime-Switching Approach

We estimate a workhorse DSGE model with an occasionally binding borrowing constraint. First, we propose a new specification of the occasionally binding constraint, where the transition between the unconstrained and constrained states is a stochastic function of the leverage level and the constraint multiplier. This specification maps into an endogenous regime-switching model. Second, we develop a general perturbation method for the solution of such a model. Third, we estimate the model with Bayesian methods to fit Mexico's business cycle and financial crisis history since 1981. The estimated model fits the data well, identifying three crisis episodes of varying duration and intensity: the Debt Crisis in the early-1980s, the Peso Crisis in the mid-1990s, and the Global Financial Crisis in the late-2000s. The crisis episodes generated by the estimated model display sluggish and long-lasting build-up and stagnation phases driven by plausible combinations of shocks. Different sets of shocks explain different variables over the business cycle and the three historical episodes of sudden stops identified.

Estimating Macroeconomic Models of Financial Crises: An Endogenous Regime Switching Approach

We estimate a workhorse DSGE model with an occasionally binding borrowing constraint. First, we propose a new specification of the occasionally binding constraint, where the transition between the unconstrained and constrained states is a stochastic function of the leverage level and the constraint multiplier. This specification maps into an endogenous regime-switching model. Second, we develop a general perturbation method for the solution of such a model. Third, we estimate the model with Bayesian methods to fit Mexico's business cycle and financial crisis history since 1981. The estimated model fits the data well, identifying three crisis episodes of varying duration and intensity: the Debt Crisis in the early-1980s, the Peso Crisis in the mid-1990s, and the Global Financial Crisis in the late-2000s. These crisis episodes display sluggish and long-lasting build-up and recovery phases driven by plausible combinations of shocks.

The Impact of Higher Education on Entrepreneurship and the Innovation Ecosystem: A Case Study in Mexico

Entrepreneurship is recognized as an engine for the economy. However, Latin America must promote higher opportunities for the creation of new businesses, especially for technology-based ventures. In this sense, the Center for Global Innovation and Entrepreneurship (CGIE) of the University of Texas at Austin offers a Master of Science in Technology Commercialization (MCCT) that prepares students with methodologies to promote the creation of new businesses in Mexico. This study aims to know the contribution of training to the creation of new companies, and its role in the innovation and the technology transfer processes, from the viewpoint of the participants. This research presents a case study that analyzes the impact of the MCCT through the analysis of the data of a survey answered by 109 former students of this center. Findings show that the methodologies developed by the MCCT allow the creation of technology-based enterprises and entrepreneurial skills in students. This study presents good practices that can be emulated by other countries in the region, as well as recognizing the great value the role of higher education in creating synergies between actors of the innovation ecosystem that strengthen social and economic growth.