Formulating quality itineraries while keeping safety in mind is a challenging task. This difficulty arises from the presence of multiple sources of travel-related information and their constantly changing nature. This challenge becomes even more significant for students and solo travelers, who are often looking for meaningful and personalized travel experiences. Consequently, intelligent itinerary generation systems are required to produce personalized and safety-driven travel plans. This paper presents the design of an artificial intelligence- based travel planner that integrates Google Places API, Google Custom Search Engine, web scraping to obtain real-time news and weather data, a machine learning-based classification model, a Spark-based processing layer, and a frontend application. The system consists of two main modules: one responsible for retrieving tourist information, and the other for evaluating safety using structured parameters derived from unstructured dynamic data. The proposed ARRS system is particularly useful for business travelers visiting new locations and for individuals traveling alone, especially in situations where safety awareness is critical. By combining real-time data analysis with machine learning, the system assigns reliable safety scores and generates informed itinerary recommendations. All components are integrated into a unified platform, enabling users to plan their itineraries efficiently while ensuring safety.

The WHO estimates that one million new sexually transmitted infections (STI) are acquired every day worldwide among people aged between 15-49 years old. Travel is now a well-established risk factor. In Switzerland, a substantial proportion of infections are acquired abroad. Certain populations are at an increased risk, such as men who have sex with men, travelers visiting friends or relatives, backpackers, international truck drivers, and business travelers. In this context, the primary care physician plays a central role. Pre-travel consultations should systematically incorporate STI prevention. Tailored information not only reduces the risk of acquisition, but also ensures an appropriate response in the event of exposure.

The article examines the essence and current development trends of bleisure tourism as a hybrid form of tourist mobility that combines business travel with leisure and recreational activities within a single trip cycle. The growing relevance of this phenomenon is driven by the digitalization of the economy, the spread of flexible forms of employment, and the increasing importance of work-life balance. As a result, traditional business travel is being transformed into a more complex and experience-oriented model of mobility. The study focuses on the impact of bleisure tourism on hotel demand and key performance indicators (KPIs) of hotel enterprises, including Occupancy Rate (OR), Average Daily Rate (ADR), Revenue per Available Room (RevPAR), and Total Revenue per Available Room (TRevPAR). It is substantiated that the integration of leisure components into business trips leads to longer stays, higher tourist expenditures, and diversification of consumption patterns, which positively affect hotel performance and revenue generation. Attention is paid to the transformation of international mobility under the influence of digital regulatory systems, such as the Entry/Exit System (EES) and the European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS). These systems contribute to the formation of a new model of “controlled mobility,” characterized by increased regulation, the need for pre-travel authorization, and reduced spontaneity in travel decisions. The implementation of these instruments does not reduce tourist flows but significantly transforms their behavioral structure, encouraging more planned and structured travel patterns. The empirical analysis includes Barcelona, a leading European bleisure destination, demonstrating both the opportunities and operational challenges associated with implementing new mobility regulations. The study highlights that the testing of digital border control systems can create temporary operational frictions, such as increased waiting times, which, in turn, affect travel planning and demand distribution. Furthermore, the paper analyzes adaptive strategies of hotel enterprises, including the transformation of hotel products into multifunctional spaces that combine accommodation, work, and leisure. Such approaches enhance hotels' competitiveness and enable them to better respond to the evolving needs of bleisure travelers. The scientific novelty of the study lies in its comprehensive analysis of bleisure tourism from the hotel business perspective, accounting for the impact of the international regulatory environment. Unlike existing studies, which primarily focus on tourist behavior, this research integrates demand-side and supply-side perspectives, emphasizing the role of institutional factors in shaping hotel demand. The findings of the study have both theoretical and practical significance, as they contribute to a deeper understanding of the transformation of tourism mobility and provide a basis for improving the efficiency of hotel enterprises amid changing global travel regulations.

Industrial internships are a key component of vocational higher education, particularly in the tourism sector, as they bridge academic learning and workplace practice. However, students often encounter challenges when adapting to professional environments. This study aims to examine the psychological dynamics shaping students’ adaptation to industrial internships. This research adopts a small-scale qualitative interpretive approach based on in-depth structured interviews with 10 travel business students undertaking internships at travel agencies in Yogyakarta and Bali, Indonesia. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns in students’ experiences. The findings reveal two major thematic groups influencing adaptation: facilitators and barriers. Facilitating factors include supportive work environments, positive interpersonal relationships, and clear internship structures, which enhance students’ confidence and sense of belonging. In contrast, barriers such as unclear job instructions, strict organizational cultures, logistical constraints, and language challenges generate stress and hinder adjustment. The adaptation process generally unfolds over one to two months, with an initial phase of role clarification followed by deeper social and cultural integration into the workplace. These findings highlight the importance of organizational and psychological support in internship design. While limited in scale, this study provides insights into how tourism students navigate early professional experiences and underscores the need for structured and supportive internship environments in the tourism industry.

Purpose This study aims to account for the business travel-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of a department of sustainability science at a geographically isolated Finnish university and examines how the department may lead the way in climate action. Design/methodology/approach Data related to business travel of 65 department staff members were collected and compared to similar data for the entire university for the calendar year 2023. Four scenarios for possible climate actions were developed and presented to the staff in a survey to gauge the level of action that could be achieved in the future. Findings The study found that the department’s travel-related emissions account for 3% of the total university emissions despite it representing 5% of the staff. Staff showed an inclination towards adopting more aggressive climate actions, particularly in reducing air travel and increasing the use of low-carbon transport options. Findings suggest that green academics are aware of the environmental impacts of their travel and are willing to take meaningful steps to mitigate these impacts. Practical implications The methodology developed and recommendations from this study can guide the development of effective policies and practices to reduce travel-related emissions across the entire university community and other institutions facing similar challenges. Originality/value This study analyses business travel-related GHG emissions focusing on improved data accuracy and completeness for a sustainability science department and challenges previous conclusions that green academics do not differ from others in their business travel behaviour. It also examines the role of accommodation-related emissions and shows there are different attitudes towards travel within an academic community that impact preferences for different travel modes.

ABSTRACT Micromobility, including shared e-scooters and e-bikes, is emerging as a crucial component of sustainable urban transport. While extensive research has examined micromobility use among residents, less is known about tourists' adoption and perceptions. This study addresses two key questions: (a) which types of tourists are more likely to use shared e-micromobility, and (b) how perceptions of this mode and the image of the destination influence its use. Using primary data from 276 intercept surveys and 17 follow-up interviews with visitors in Brisbane, Australia, findings reveal that women, older adults and international visitors are less likely to use e-scooters, whereas demographic factors do not significantly affect e-bike use. Trip purpose also influences e-scooter uptake, with business travellers more inclined to use them than vacationers. Positive perceptions, especially around ease of use, safety and affordability, correlate with higher adoption, while cost and safety concerns constitute barriers. Dedicated infrastructure and experiential learning boost confidence and promote use. Both users and non-users associate shared micromobility schemes with progressive urban values and a positive city image. Policy recommendations to enhance visitor experience and uptake, in Brisbane and similar cities, include differentiated promotional strategies for e-scooters and e-bikes, affordable pricing and the integration of micromobility into urban branding.

Greening business travel in China: Exploring the pathways from corporate sustainable policies to reduced carbon operations footprint with employee consciousness and travel technology adoption

Business travel stress and the moderating effect of corporate aircraft utilization on employee Well-Being: Business aviation from a stakeholder perspective

Higher education institutions around the world now recognise the twin climate change and biodiversity loss crises as amongst the most pressing issues facing humanity in the twenty-first century. The University of Edinburgh adopted a ‘Net Zero by 2040’ target in 2016 and a university-owned carbon sequestration programme commenced in 2021 to manage the unavoidable emissions associated with aviation from University business travel and wider student travel to and from the University. The programme was also designed to secure wider community commitment including learning and teaching strategies and long-term research benefits. Five years on, this paper sets out the underlying logic and principles behind the approach, set within the context of climate and biodiversity action more broadly. The paper also examines common criticisms posed in the academic literature concerning carbon sequestration programmes, ‘offsets’ and ‘insets’, and the authors’ and institution’s responses to those challenges.

This study aimed to (1) examine the current situation and management challenges of small and medium-sized travel businesses in Thailand, (2) investigate key success factors in transitioning toward sustainable digital transformation, and (3) propose management guidelines for this digital shift. A mixed-method approach was employed, including surveys and in-depth interviews. The developed Structural Equation Model (SEM) revealed that Technology Acceptance (TA), Key Success Factors (KSF), Tourism Management (TM), and Dynamic capabilities (SF) significantly and positively influenced Sustainable Digital Transformation (SDT), with TA showing the strongest effect (β = 0.47, p < 0.001). The model accounted for 68% of the variance in SDT (R² = 0.68), indicating a strong explanatory power. Qualitative findings emphasized the importance of organizational culture adaptation, digital literacy, and strategic networking. Recommendations include policy support, training initiatives, and improved access to digital tools to facilitate effective and sustainable digital transformation for travel SMEs.

To generally explore the relative importance of factors influencing medication adherence after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and to provide a new perspective on the theoretical framework of medication adherence intervention. A single-centre, cross-sectional study was conducted. Primary outcomes were indicators of medication nonadherence, including incorrect implementation behaviour, medication taking proportion <90% and discontinuation. Potential influencing factors included baseline characteristics at PCI and barriers to medication adherence after PCI. Binary logistic regression was used to analyse factors associated with the indicators. A total of 901 cases with valid data were identified. Incorrect implementation behaviour, medication taking proportion <90%, and discontinuation after PCI were 39.3%, 16.6%, and 8.9%, respectively. Rural residence, lacking medication necessary, and medication side effects were common factors associated with the above three indicators, and complex prescriptions, disturbing routine, age (at this PCI), number of coronary stents (up to this PCI), economic difficulties, memory decline, inconvenience, busy, and extensive travel were uncommon factors associated with these three indicators. Exploring the relative importance of factors influencing medication adherence after PCI provides a new perspective for integrating multifaceted and tailored interventions as a new system.

Digital payments are altering the way businesses manage business travel. It’s no longer necessary to carry cash or wait for expense reimbursements. Employees can pay for flights, hotels, and meals with a few simple clicks, making travel easier and more efficient. This transition to electronic payments is about more than just convenience; it is changing how businesses manage travel, save money, and keep customers happy. Any payment made electronically is referred to as a digital payment. This includes credit and debit cards, mobile payments, and virtual cards. Instead of using cash or checks, online payments enable travelers to pay instantly via secure online platforms. Employees can book and pay for business travel expenses quickly and easily, eliminating the need to carry large sums of money or deal with paperwork. In the context of the digital economy and cultural integration, this paper examines the theoretical and practical effects of digital inclusive finance on cross-border tourism revenue. Cross-border tourism revenue is greatly increased by digital inclusive finance, and this effect holds true even after a number of sensitivity tests. Mechanism analysis shows that by promoting the creation of new digital infrastructure and boosting the effectiveness of information exchange, digital inclusive finance enhances the cross-border travel experience. Additionally, the moderating effect analysis demonstrates that while fiscal investment lessens the beneficial effects of digital inclusive finance, trade openness increases them. In recent decades, the development of the tourism business has been significantly impacted by technology. A key area of technological innovation is the cashless payment system. Cashless payment systems have been proposed as a way to improve tourism experiences and provide market places a competitive edge. In the tourism industry, governments are currently aggressively pushing for a cashless society. It is still uncommon to find research on travelers’ acceptance of cashless payment methods in travel destinations.

Families can acquire infections that are rare or nonexistent in Germany by international travel for business or private reasons and by migration between countries. Children and adolescents have special risk profiles, and their course of illness may be nonspecific and/or severe. A structured travel history is essential so that regionally specific infections will not be overlooked. This narrative review is based on publications of the last 25 years that were retrieved by a PubMed search on infections after international travel, with an emphasis on retrospective and prospective studies and on articles with separate data on minors. Further information from books, guidelines, surveillance studies, reports of the Federal Statistical Office of Germany, meta-analyses, reviews, and position statements was considered as well. Reported case numbers of infectious diseases imported from abroad fell during the COVID-19 pandemic and have since risen again. Among diseases that are usually or exclusively acquired abroad, those most commonly affecting children and adolescents were giardiasis, tuberculosis, hepatitis A and malaria, with 695, 372, 344, and 128 cases in 2024. Less common ones included dengue fever (81 cases) and typhoid fever/paratyphoid fever (45 cases). Regionally specific infections should be considered in the differential diagnosis of fever, gastrointestinal disturbances, and skin conditions in children and adolescents after international travel. It is critical that relevant diseases including malaria and typhoid fever/paratyphoid fever must be promptly diagnosed or ruled out. Because resistance patterns differ across regions of the globe, targeted determination of the pathogenic organism including a resistogram is important. The possibility of chronic infection should be considered in particular after long stays abroad.

Assessment of the carbon footprint of an Italian football team during a sport year

This study aims to cluster the satisfaction levels of airline passengers in the business class segment with business travel purposes who are categorized as disloyal, using the K-Means clustering method. The data was sourced from the Airline Passenger Satisfaction dataset on Kaggle, then cleaned, filtered for disloyal business travelers, and transformed into numerical format. The optimal number of clusters was determined using the Elbow Method, which indicated an optimal value at k=3. Clustering was subsequently carried out with the K-Means algorithm and visualized using PCA. Cluster quality evaluation employed the Davies-Bouldin Index, resulting in a value of -0.5, indicating reasonably good cluster separation. These findings can help airlines understand patterns of dissatisfaction among premium customers and design more targeted service strategies to improve their loyalty. 1*, Dwi Hartanti

ABSTRACT The rapid deployment of service robots in the hospitality industry has created new opportunities and challenges for sustaining guest engagement beyond the initial novelty. Drawing on the extended technology continuance theory (TCT) and motivated consumer innovativeness, this study develops and tests an integrated model to explain continuance intention of service robots among hotel guests. We surveyed 750 Chinese travelers who had interacted with service robots and analyzed the data using PLS-SEM and multigroup analysis (MGA) for business and leisure segments. Results indicate that functional innovativeness significantly predicts confirmation and perceived usefulness, while hedonic, cognitive, and social innovativeness enhance confirmation, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use. In the core TCT pathway, confirmation influences satisfaction but not directly perceived usefulness. Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use both enhance satisfaction, attitude, and continuance intention of service robots. Satisfaction emerges as the most powerful driver of continuance intention, and attitude also contributes significantly. Interaction comfort moderates the effect of satisfaction on continuance intention of service robots and the effect of attitude on continuance intention of service robots. MGA reveals that leisure travelers rely more on hedonic innovativeness, whereas business travelers emphasize social innovativeness when evaluating perceived usefulness. Theoretically, this study extends TCT by integrating multidimensional innovativeness and affective boundary conditions. Practically, it offers guidance for segment-specific robot design, communication strategies, and deployment in leisure versus business settings to encourage sustained use of service robots in the hospitality industry.

Higher education institutions face a critical methodological challenge in pursuing net-zero commitments: Within the amount ofhe emissions related to Scope 3, including indirect emissions from water consumption, waste disposal, business travel, and mobility, employees commuting represents 50–92% of campus carbon footprints, yet reliable quantification remains elusive due to fragmented data collection and governance silos. The present research investigates how purposeful integration of the Home-to-Work Commuting Plan (HtWCP)—mandatory under Italian Decree 179/2021—into the Climate Neutrality Plan (CNP) could constitute an innovative strategy to enhance emissions accounting rigor while strengthening institutional governance. Stemming from the University of Genoa case study, we show how leveraging mandatory HtWCP survey infrastructure to collect granular mobility behavioral data (transportation mode, commuting distance, and travel frequency) directly addresses the GHG Protocol-specified distance-based methodology for Scope 3 accounting. In turn, the CNP could support the HtWCP in framing mobility actions into a wider long-term perspective, as well as suggesting a compensation mechanism and paradigm for mobility actions that are currently not included. We therefore establish a replicable model that simultaneously advances three institutional dimensions, through the operationalization of the Avoid–Shift–Improve framework within an integrated workflow: (1) methodological rigor—replacing proxy methodologies with actual behavioral data to eliminate the notorious Scope 3 data gap; (2) governance coherence—aligning voluntary and regulatory instruments to reduce fragmentation and enhance cross-functional collaboration; and (3) adaptive management—embedding biennial feedback cycles that enable continuous validation and iterative refinement of emissions reduction strategies. This framework positions universities as institutional innovators capable of modeling integrated governance approaches with potential transferability to municipal, corporate, and public administration contexts. The findings contribute novel evidence to scholarly literature on institutional sustainability, policy integration, and climate governance, whilst establishing methodological standards relevant to international harmonization efforts in carbon accounting.

Aim . In this economic study, the authors examine the correlation between labor migration processes and indicators of tourist demand, which have undergone changes under the influence of the pandemic, based on previous periods and predicting future trends in the tourism industry. Methodology . In their study, the authors used an intersectoral approach in unrelated industries as the main method, which can reveal hidden factors that influence the regulation of labor migration. Results . The study revealed that labor and tourism flows, although they may seem different, are closely interconnected and can influence each other. The main difference lies in the purpose of the movement: labor flows are driven by job search and worker mobility, while tourism flows are related to leisure, recreation, or business travel. However, tourism flows can stimulate labor migration, and employment in a region can attract tourists. Research implications . The study proposes the use of econometric models of tourist demand to determine additional labor flows and their application in improving the digital mechanism for regulating labor migration. In the sectoral aspect, the search for a target category of labor resources in industrial and environmental tourism can be considered.

This study examined the importance and performance of hotel selection factors among business and leisure travelers in Tarlac City, Philippines, using the Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) framework. Data were collected from 350 hotel guests across Department of Tourism (DOT)–accredited and local government–licensed accommodation facilities prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Thirty-three hotel attributes were grouped into six dimensions: service quality, business facilities, value, room and front desk, food and recreation, and safety and security. Results revealed significant differences in the perceived importance and performance of selected attributes between business and leisure travelers, particularly in business facilities and value. However, all six dimensions were positioned in Quadrant II (“Keep Up the Good Work”) of the IPA grid, indicating high importance and high performance across traveler segments. The findings provide actionable insights for hotel managers in optimizing resource allocation, enhancing service delivery, and developing segment-specific marketing strategies to sustain competitiveness in regional hotel markets

Connecting regional airfields with small aircraft that utilize electric propulsion technologies is commonly referred to as regional air mobility. The range of these aircraft is restricted by the mass-specific energy of the energy carrier, particularly when they are powered by batteries. Additionally, commercial operations under instrument flight rules introduce a distance overhead compared to the great circle distance. This paper investigates the demand of business travelers for regional air mobility in Germany using a multinomial logit model and accounts for overhead related to instrument flight rules. The result is a network of routes for four different “aircraft total range” scenarios between 200 and 500 km for a nine-passenger battery-electric aircraft. The aircraft total range is defined as the distance of the nominal flight, including distance overhead from instrument flight rules, plus the distance to the diversion aerodrome. The resulting network varies with aircraft total range, with 3–219 routes in the 200 and 500 km cases, respectively. The analysis shows that the distance overhead from instrument flight rules can significantly impact the nominal flight distance. An approximation for this distance overhead is provided, and its impact on battery sizing in the conceptual aircraft design stage is showcased.