Limited information on the business practices of liver transplant (LT) centers worldwide has been published. Characterizing this data could help identify best practices as well as opportunities for improvement. As such, the International Liver Transplant Society (ILTS) Business Practice Committee conducted a global online survey of LT centers, which was sent to the ILTS membership. Questions focused on 5 main domains: transplant practice and volumes, workforce, finances, quality assessment and performance improvement, and overall program function. Data was compared across program geographic regions and transplant volume. A total of 89 discrete centers were represented, of which 76.4% were academic/university-affiliated, and about one-third each were from Europe (36.0%) and North America (31.5%). The top 3 problems programs reported were finances/funding (60.7%), adequate program support/guidance (48.3%), and transplant volumes (43.8%). In all, 59.6% of respondents felt their salary was undercompensated, consistent across geographic regions. In addition, 69.7% felt their center was not adequately funded to meet program goals, with programs in Europe (N=28/32, 87.5%) and Oceania (N=2/3, 66.7%) most impacted. Transplant surgeon retainment was noted as more difficult for lower volume programs (<50 liver transplants/year, N=13/31). Nearly half (42.7%) of all programs felt under-resourced to provide high-quality care, and the majority (80.9%) felt there was room for growth and improvement under their current model. While international concerns varied widely among LT centers, inadequate salary and center funding, low transplant and referral volumes, and staff retainment were persistent themes. Focusing on adopting region-specific best practices and developing transplant systems of care that focus on these elements is critical to provide optimal care to LT patients worldwide.

This study examines the diversity of entrepreneurial intentions among university students by extending the construct to include business versus social orientations and founding (“build”) versus participation (“activity”) roles. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with first-year students in Japan. Cluster analysis revealed three student types: Value-Initiator , Value-Contributor , and Traditional-worker . To understand each type's characteristics, the study compared their profiles using Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), entrepreneurial competence based on EntreComp framework, and prior educational experience. Value-Initiator type exhibited high intentions across business and social domains, with strong attitudes, social norms, and initiative-oriented competencies. The Value-Contributor type showed high activity intentions but lower build intentions, indicating motivation for team-based value creation rather than for leadership. The Traditional-worker type demonstrated low entrepreneurial intentions, reflecting limited engagement with entrepreneurial or social initiatives. Comparative analysis revealed business practical education was strongly associated with higher build intentions, while social practical education mainly influenced activity intentions. These findings suggest entrepreneurship education should adopt differentiated approaches: experiential business practice to foster Value-Contributor into Value-Initiator, and career design education to encourage Traditional-workers to explore entrepreneurial mindsets. This study contributes to entrepreneurship education by proposing a multidimensional model of entrepreneurial intention and demonstrating pedagogical implications for an inclusive learning design. • Expands entrepreneurial intention into business/social and build/activity roles. • Identify three student types: Value-Initiator, Value-Contributor, and Traditional-worker. • Identify the characteristics of each type by TPB, EntreComp, and prior education. • Suggests differentiated pedagogical strategies for diverse student profiles.

From greenwashing to green trust: Understanding the consumer behavior in the fashion industry.

This study aims to reveal the contribution of the Ciwaringin Batik Cooperative in the standardization process and the implementation of green marketing concepts to support the aspirations of the local batik industry. The study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, direct field observations, and document review involving cooperative administrators, artisan members, and other relevant parties. The results of this study indicate that the cooperative plays a crucial role in driving environmentally friendly production standards, increasing member capacity, and developing a marketing network that emphasizes ecological values. Through its various programs, the cooperative has been able to encourage the use of natural dyes as a substitute for chemicals, establish an internal certification system, and strengthen the image of green batik products, thus enhancing their competitiveness in the market. On the other hand, this study also identified several obstacles, including limited capital, low understanding of environmentally friendly products by local consumers, and inadequate support from local government policies. This research contributes to the development of a cooperative institutional model as a means of transforming the local creative industry into a more attractive business practice.

Purpose This study investigates whether foreign directors from positive peace cultures enhance a firm’s environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance. Grounded in Social Learning Theory, we argue that such directors facilitate the diffusion of ethical values and sustainable governance practices in boardrooms. Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of 26,744 firm-year observations of Chinese firms listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2009 to 2024, we construct a novel board-level Positive Peace Index (PPI) based on the PPI scores of foreign directors’ countries of origin obtained from the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP). We then estimate a lead-lag OLS model, regressing ESG performance, measured using the Huazheng ESG composite score, on PPI alongside relevant control variables. Findings Firms with foreign directors from stronger positive peace cultures (i.e. a higher average of positive peace level on the board) demonstrate superior ESG performance, particularly in product quality, corporate governance, and environmental protection. The positive effect of PPI is more pronounced in firms with less government intervention, lower CEO power, and more frequent board meetings, reflecting conditions that foster open dialog and social learning. Importantly, PPI provides explanatory power beyond Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and generic board diversity measures. Originality/value This study introduces positive peace culture as a novel, values-based lens for examining the cultural influence of foreign directors on ESG, addressing prior mixed findings in the literature. By moving beyond Hofstede’s framework, we respond to calls for more nuanced, context-sensitive cultural metrics (Chanchani and MacGregor, 1999; Doupnik and Tsakumis, 2004). Our findings carry practical implications for firms, investors, and policymakers in emerging markets, advocating for thoughtful board composition strategies that prioritize cultural values such as positive peace that are aligned with ethical and sustainable business practices.

In-hospital initiation of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) remains low despite their effectiveness to reduce opioid-related mortality. We implemented an in-hospital OUD intervention across 12 hospitals to increase OUD treatment provision. Understand factors impacting adoption and implementation of a non-interruptive electronic health record-embedded intervention which provided OUD treatment guidance. We conducted focus groups and key informant interviews involving hospital-based physicians and advanced practice professionals (APPs), nurses, social workers, and pharmacists working in one largeColoradohealth system at 6 and 12months following the intervention's implementation. We employed both a deductive and inductive approach, based on a directed content analysis, to analyze qualitative data. Sixty-one professionals participated representing the three hospital regions across Colorado (northern, southern, central): 24 hospital-based clinicians, 19 nurses, 12 social workers, and 6 pharmacists. We identified five themes related to challenges and barriers to the adoption of the OUD intervention: (1) despite access to educational sessions and MOUD initiation protocols, discomfort treating OUD persisted; (2) inconsistent health system messaging and communication across hospitals resulted in variable use of the OUD intervention; (3) differential access to addiction expertise impacted MOUD initiation; (4) increased emphasis on opioid withdrawal severity assessment and documentation led to unexpected benefits and challenges; and (5) challenges were identified associated with the complexity of caring for patients with OUD in busy hospital practices. Various challenges were identified that impacted in-hospital OUD treatment provision after the intervention. Emergent themes informed opportunities that health system leaders could implement to expand in-hospital OUD treatment provision including frequent and cohesive messaging from leadership highlighting health system priorities and goals for OUD treatment, addiction specialist support with outpatient referral resources for OUD treatment linkage, ongoing education with reinforcement on MOUD initiation, and stigma training.

Purpose This study explores the dynamics of entrepreneurial resilience and empowerment by examining the lived experiences of rural Indigenous Dayak women entrepreneurs in Sarawak, Malaysia. Focusing on this distinct group, the research investigates how access to resources, support mechanisms, and cultures and traditions shape the development of entrepreneurial resilience. The study further examines how such resilience facilitates personal, social, and economic empowerment among these women. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative research approach was employed, involving semi-structured interviews with fourteen rural Indigenous Dayak women entrepreneurs. The interview data were analysed using thematic analysis to identify key themes related to entrepreneurial resilience and empowerment. Findings The findings reveal that the resilience of rural indigenous women entrepreneurs is shaped by a set of interconnected factors. Key challenges include balancing cultural values with business demands, coping with financial constraints, and navigating uncertainty in the business environment. At the same time, resilience is strengthened by access to financial and digital resources, strong family and community support, and supportive government initiatives. Cultures and traditions, particularly values emphasising sustainability, respect for the environment, and harmony with nature, play a critical role in guiding business practices and decision-making. Collectively, these elements foster personal growth, social recognition, and economic empowerment among the entrepreneurs. Originality/value This research offers valuable insights into the intersection of entrepreneurial resilience and empowerment among rural indigenous women entrepreneurs. By illuminating the experiences of a distinct and under-researched demographic, it extends existing scholarship on gender, entrepreneurship, and rural development. The study also offers practical implications for policymakers and development agencies seeking to design context-sensitive interventions that promote gender equality, strengthen entrepreneurial ecosystem, and advance sustainable rural economic development.

Background: The low halal certification rate among Indonesian MSMEs, with fewer than 10% of 64 million business units certified halal, and the sharia economic literacy rate of only 9.14%, indicate a weak internalization of Islamic production ethics in market offerings. Meanwhile, Ibn Khaldun’s thought, which contains strong values of Islamic production ethics, has not been sufficiently explored as a conceptual basis for strengthening Indonesian Islamic MSMEs. Objective: This study aims to analyze Ibn Khaldun’s concept of Islamic production ethics, examine its relevance to Islamic market offerings, and describe its implications for strengthening Indonesian sharia-compliant MSMEs. Method: This study employs qualitative library research with a historical-analytical approach. It systematically examines Ibn Khaldun’s ethical production thought through Muqaddimah as the primary source and relevant classical and contemporary Islamic economic literature as secondary sources, then contextualizes the findings within Indonesian sharia MSMEs. Results: The findings show that Ibn Khaldun’s production ethics is centered on ‘umran, which integrates labor value, ‘asabiyyah or social solidarity, justice, ethical efficiency, and civilizational sustainability. This study constructs a five-principle operational framework for Islamic production ethics applicable to Indonesian halal MSME market supply. Conclusion: Integrating ‘umran and ‘asabiyyah into MSME production orientation may address the dualism between Islamic identity and profit-driven conventional business practices.

The adaptive reuse and revitalization of historic buildings and traditional design elements, integrating them with modern eco-friendly business practices. The case study methodology approach in the selected few states in Nigeria (Emir’s Palace (Bauchi), Obi’s Palace (Anambra), and Oba’s Palace (Lagos)) goes beyond mere restoration; it harmonizes Africa’s architectural heritage with contemporary sustainability goals, creating spaces that are both culturally meaningful and environmentallyresponsible. Using case study methodology in Bauchi, Anambra, and Lagos retro architecture values the preservation of local identity by maintaining original architectural features, materials, and construction techniques. By doing so, it safeguards intangible cultural heritage while promoting innovation through the incorporation of green technologies, energy efficiency, and sustainable landscape design. The adaptive reuse of existing structures reduces the demand for new construction materials, thereby lowering ecological footprints and supporting circular economy principles. Eco-business retro architecture also acts as a catalyst for economic development by transforming underutilized or abandoned heritage sites into vibrant hubs for green enterprises, creative industries, and community services. This paper will address issues related to local employment, entrepreneurship, sustainable investment, community engagement, inclusive urban regeneration, respect for indigenous knowledge, and ensuring that development is both socially inclusive and contextually appropriate. It is recommended that, with the innovations of the future, retro architecture offers African cities a pathway to resilience, economic diversification, and climate adaptation—ultimately shaping urban environments that are prosperous, equitable, and environmentally sustainable.

(847) A Study on Patient Perspectives and Partner Satisfaction in Erectile Dysfunction and Premature Ejaculation Among Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital in a Developing Country

ABSTRACT Recognizing the growing importance of international bleisure travel, this study examines travel activities that shape bleisure traveler satisfaction. Drawing on cross-cultural and activity-based perspectives, it uses foreign tourist survey data from the Korea Tourism Data Lab and applies SHAP analysis to compare key satisfaction contributors between bleisure and leisure travelers. The results reveal a clear gap between activity popularity and actual contribution to satisfaction. Four of the six most influential activities are cross-cultural, with visits to ancient and historical sites showing relatively low participation yet ranking as the strongest contributor. The findings also indicate that bleisure satisfaction is influenced by national hospitality customs and business practices. In South Korea, gourmet tourism, as a core expression of hospitality culture, plays a particularly important role. This study advances bleisure travel research theoretically and methodologically while offering practical implications for bleisure travelers, business organizations, tour operators, and national tourism organizations to advance bleisure travel sector.

The late nineteenth-century animal marketplace was a thriving industry. The growth of empire and the development of new technologies and infrastructure facilitated the global movement of animals. As a result, many more reached Britain, where they were purchased by a range of customers for varying pursuits. Historians have explored the role of animal dealers in facilitating this market, but few have considered the influence of the 'fancy of the private collector' upon the trade. Taking naturalist, museum proprietor and zoo owner Lionel Walter Rothschild (1868-1937) as its case study, this paper explores the ways in which the scientific predilections of those with money and influence shaped the market and business practices of animal dealers, contributing directly to the 'booms in beasts' of the period. However, the retailing of animals involved more than financial transactions. Through an examination of the supply of animals to Rothschild's zoological enterprise, this paper will demonstrate how scientific interests and purchasing power could combine to elevate customers from passive consumers, reliant on the capabilities of the animal dealer, to active collaborators. Working together, wealthy customers and dealers secured the further procurement of material, contributing to the construction of zoological knowledge, whilst also building their professional reputations.

ABSTRACT This concept paper aims to identify, describe, and analyze potential situations or circumstances in which organizations may face positive and negative risks related to knowledge due to a variety of internal and external circumstances. Given recent technological, societal and geopolitical developments and their resulting implications, this important but under-researched area deserves more attention. This paper should be understood as a follow-up to the 2019 study by Durst and Zieba, which proposed a Knowledge Risk Taxonomy. The revised and further developed taxonomy risk offers promising approaches not only for research but also for business practice.

Sustainability strategies and capital costs: A study of non-financial disclosure in the GCC agri-food industry

Purpose This paper aims to evaluate how the town of Casasimarro in La Mancha, Spain, achieved international commercial recognition for its traditional craft of producing handmade guitars. Thanks to strategic product, price, place (distribution) and promotional marketing policies (the 4Ps), these guitars have gained worldwide recognition and fame and have been purchased by renowned international customers such as Keith Richards of the Rolling Stones, thus contributing to word-of-mouth recommendations. Design/methodology/approach To achieve this research objective, the authors conducted a comprehensive review, providing an historical examination of the marketing strategies used by handcrafted guitar makers in Casasimarro over the past few decades. The authors analysed these strategies and their implications throughout history. To fulfil this aim, the authors conducted an exhaustive investigation, focusing on primary sources (including testimonies from artisan guitar makers) and secondary information sources (including biographies, historical newspapers, journal articles and research articles). Findings This study demonstrates the key role played by handmade guitar manufacturers in the historical and economic development of Casasimarro. No other economic activity has contributed greater prestige to this small town at a national or international level. This prestige is related to the marketing strategies used by the manufacturing dynasties, which include producing good quality guitars; adapting communication strategies to suit the times, such as attending trade fairs, creating websites and using social media; and maintaining traditional business practices, such as taking customised orders. These marketing strategies therefore suggest a selective demarketing approach. Originality/value Studies on the marketing strategies of musical instruments remain scarce, and even more so when it comes to such traditional handmade manufacturing instruments. As a result, the small town has gained worldwide recognition thanks to this craft.

The global expansion of the halal industry has placed considerable pressure on food supply chains, particularly among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in West Java's food sector. This research examines the interplay between halal operations management practices and supply chain integration to determine their combined effects on logistics performance, addressing persistent gaps in halal logistics efficiency. A quantitative approach employing partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analyzes survey responses from 186 food SMEs across West Java, treating halal operations management and supply chain integration as key independent constructs, with logistics performance as the dependent variable; mediation effects were tested through bootstrapping procedures. Halal operations management significantly improves logistics performance, while supply chain integration fully mediates this relationship — West Java SMEs show measurable gains in on-time delivery and inventory efficiency when halal practices are structurally aligned with supply chain coordination. The cross-sectional design limits causal inference, and findings may not generalize beyond food SMEs in West Java; future research should examine longitudinal effects and multi-sector applications across Indonesia. This study is among the first to connect halal operations management with supply chain integration in explaining logistics performance among Indonesian SMEs, addressing theoretical gaps between Islamic business practices and modern supply chain theory while offering a practical framework for West Java's halal sector development.

Purpose The paper examines the influence of institutional technologies on global supply chain management (SCM) and international marketing efforts of multinational corporations (MNCs) in African emerging markets, with a focus on their impact on international trade resilience. It addresses a 4-decade-long empirical gap, examining the applicability of these institutional technologies to SCM and international marketing of MNCs in the context of the resource-constrained environment of Africa. Design/methodology/approach The research employs a qualitative method with an interpretivist approach, conducting thirty in-depth qualitative interviews with mid-and senior-level managers involved in global SCM and international marketing efforts of MNCs drawn from a wide range of sectors in Nigeria. Data analysis utilizes an inductive thematic approach, which combines Braun and Clarke's six-step framework and Gioia's suggestions for qualitative rigour. Findings The paper reveals institutional voids in the digital business environment, including inadequate social amenities, prevalent informal business practices, challenges in navigating complex regulatory environments and limited access to advanced technological resources. These challenges create disparities between local practices and established standards, resulting in resource constraints and a lack of business opportunities. Our findings reveal that, in response, MNCs adopt “glocalization” strategies in SCM and international marketing, tailoring technological solutions to local conditions, fostering relationship and optimization of resource allocation, contributing to international trade resilience. Originality/value This pioneering research explores the interlinkages between institutional technologies, SCM and international marketing efforts of MNCs in an under-researched African context, offering valuable managerial and theoretical implications.

This article discusses how consumer value, satisfaction, and loyalty can be developed from the perspective of Islamic marketing. This issue is important because modern marketing practices often position consumers as transactional targets, whereas Islamic marketing requires business relationships based on values, ethics, justice, and public benefit. This article positions Islamic marketing as a conceptual approach that is not only concerned with functional satisfaction, but also with consumers’ spiritual and moral satisfaction. The discussion is conducted through a qualitative literature-based study by examining the concepts of consumer value, satisfaction, loyalty, and Islamic principles such as halal, thayyib, amanah, sidq, adl, ihsan, and maslahah. The discussion shows that consumer loyalty in Islamic marketing is formed through the integration of perceived value, satisfaction with consumption experience, trust in the company, and consistent business practices aligned with sharia principles.

ABSTRACT The primary objective of this study is to examine the impact of Green Marketing on Brand Equity and its subsequent influence on Corporate Reputation, while also analyzing the mediating role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in this relationship within the manufacturing sector in India. Data were collected using self‐reported survey instruments from 341 employees, consumers, and investors/shareholders associated with electronics manufacturing firms. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to estimate the proposed relationships. The findings indicate that Green Marketing has a positive and significant effect on Brand Loyalty, while its effect on Perceived Quality is negative but marginally significant, and its influence on other Brand Equity dimensions, such as Brand Awareness, Brand Association, and Other Proprietary Brand Assets, is non‐significant. Regarding Corporate Reputation, Other Proprietary Brand Assets exhibit a strong positive effect, whereas Brand Awareness shows a small negative effect, and Brand Loyalty, Brand Association, and Perceived Quality have non‐significant effects. The study also confirms that CSR significantly mediates the relationship between Green Marketing and Corporate Reputation, highlighting the importance of integrating sustainability initiatives with responsible business practices. These findings underscore the nuanced role of Green Marketing in shaping Brand Equity and Corporate Reputation and suggest that companies should focus on authentic environmental initiatives and strategic CSR activities.

School business education in Hong Kong originated as vocational and technical education in the 1950s and was redefined as part of technology education in late 1990s within the school curriculum. Given that the global economic environment has become increasingly volatile, coupled with Hong Kong's positioning as an “international financial center” facing challenges from advanced AI-generative technologies that are transforming business practices significantly, as well as the need to foster in-depth collaboration with the Greater Bay Area, it is urgent and essential to provide cutting-edge business education to the new generation based on the solid foundation laid in the past. This paper reviews the development of school business education in Hong Kong, reflects on valuable lessons learned from the past, and identifies core business competencies required for the future. Through review and reflection, special focus will be placed on how curriculum, pedagogy, and teacher education can respond to Hong Kong's socioeconomic needs. It is expected that this paper will enable readers to better understand the past and future of school business education in Hong Kong, rooted in its unique “East meets West” culture, and demonstrate how school-level business education can align with socioeconomic changes by taking Hong Kong as an example.