Business Model Research Articles

How digital transformation mindfulness affects digital business model innovation: the moderating role of digital orientation

PurposeWith the development of digital technology, insufficient research on digital business model innovation (DMI) may bring many confusions to entrepreneurs and policymakers. This study constructs and tests a theoretical framework based on resource orchestration theory, aiming to explore how digital transformation mindfulness affects DMI and the moderating role of digital orientation.Design/methodology/approachUsing data collected from 329 Chinese manufacturing enterprises and using hierarchical regression analysis, we test hypotheses. In addition, we tested the robustness of the results using the congeneric approach and the heterotrait-mornotrait ratio.FindingsDigital transformation mindfulness significantly promotes DMI, and both the depth and breadth of digital technology deployment, respectively, mediate the impact of digital transformation mindfulness on DMI. In addition, digital orientation alleviates the impact of digital transformation mindfulness on digital technology deployment.Research limitations/implicationsOur results provide new insights for enterprises to achieve DMI through fostering digital transformation mindfulness and digital orientation. This study also provides new ideas for increasing social employment opportunities and improving policy formulation.Originality/valueThis study adds to the literature on DMI by confirming the driving role of digital transformation mindfulness and revealing the mediating role of digital technology deployment. Surprisingly, digital orientation has a negative moderating effect, indicating the substitutability between digital transformation mindfulness and digital orientation, enriching the implementation scenarios of DMI.

Supporting start‐ups in the circular economy: An analysis of university‐led incubators in India

AbstractInnovation and entrepreneurship will be important parts of India's transition toward a circular economy. Since start‐ups do not suffer from being locked into linear business models or overcoming organizational inertia, they play a key role in this transition. However, circular start‐ups face many challenges, both in general and specifically related to circular business models. Here, incubators can offer assistance and support, facilitating the establishment and early growth of start‐ups, but exactly how this should be done remains an area where little prior research has been done. Because of this, this study analyzed three university‐led incubators spread across different institutes of national importance in India. Results showed that while incubators did offer a variety of support functions to start‐ups, they did not offer any specific support to circular start‐ups, nor any support aimed at helping regular start‐ups become more circular. Both the support functions of the incubators and the needs of the circular start‐ups are detailed in the results. Furthermore, the competence and knowledge levels regarding the circular economy were found to be low. To help further improve incubators within this area, several recommendations were made, including developing tailored support functions for circular start‐ups in collaboration with university faculty, establishing incubators that specialize in supporting circular start‐ups, and integrating activities related to understanding and fostering the circular economy in their regular incubation processes.

Detecting Cybersecurity Threats in Digital Energy Systems Using Deep learning for Imbalanced Datasets

Energy management systems are experiencing significant transformations due to the adoption of innovative business models and advanced digital technologies. This study aims to investigate the intersection of artificial intelligence and cybersecurity within energy infrastructures, specifically focusing on developing a comprehensive methodology that effectively detects security threats in digitalized systems. The research evaluates existing energy policies and regulations while emphasizing the critical role of deep learning algorithms in enhancing cybersecurity through advanced threat detection, predictive analytics, automated responses, and continuous learning capabilities. A significant aspect of this study is the effective handling of imbalanced datasets, which is essential for optimizing deep learning performance in cybersecurity applications. Furthermore, the paper presents a comparative analysis of network intrusion detection systems and proposes a feature selection methodology by a novel feature reduction methodology designed to enhance deep learning capabilities for addressing specific challenges in imbalanced datasets of critical energy infrastructure. The expected results include insights into how artificial intelligence-driven methodologies can effectively mitigate cybersecurity threats in energy systems through a robust hybrid deep learning framework that addresses imbalanced datasets via advanced feature reduction techniques. Ultimately, this research contributes to enhancing both the immediate security of energy infrastructures and their long-term resilience against evolving cyber threats. By clarifying the contributions of deep learning methods to the literature on supervisory control and data acquisition system security, this study aims to bridge existing gaps and provide actionable insights for practitioners and policymakers in the energy sector and integrates regulatory frameworks (EU AI Act, NIST CSF 2.0, ISO/IEC standards) with a hybrid deep learning model addressing spatial, temporal, and structural intrusion patterns in SCADA systems using imbalanced data and a novel feature selection methodology within artificial intelligence.

Leveraging the interplay of digitalization and mobile resources to promote MNE entrepreneurship

AbstractResearch SummaryPowerful geopolitical, demographic, cultural, and technological forces are reshaping MNEs' markets, compelling them to be entrepreneurial in order to successfully adapt and grow. We argue that MNEs can leverage digital technologies to exploit their resources, especially mobile resources, to fuel and infuse entrepreneurship throughout their operations. By leveraging and exploiting mobile resources, digital technologies make it possible for MNEs to cultivate their entrepreneurial activities to create new knowledge, build valuable organizational capabilities, and develop new businesses. These arguments contribute to ongoing conversations about the growing role of entrepreneurship in MNEs, the value of mobile resources as a source of competitive advantage, the transformative role of digital technologies in the global marketplace, and IB theories on the sources of MNEs' competitive advantage in dynamic markets.Managerial SummaryIn today's rapidly changing global business environment, multinational enterprises (MNEs) face unprecedented challenges from geopolitical shifts, demographic changes, cultural evolution, and technological disruption. To thrive amidst these transformations, MNEs must embrace entrepreneurship throughout their global operations. This research demonstrates how MNEs can strategically use digital technologies to unlock the value of their mobile resources—including talent, knowledge, and capabilities that can be deployed across locations—to foster entrepreneurship enterprise‐wide. By effectively leveraging these mobile resources through digital platforms, MNEs can: Generate new knowledge across geographic boundaries Build distinctive organizational capabilities that competitors cannot easily replicate Develop innovative business models and ventures that create value in dynamic markets Our findings offer practical guidance for multinational executives seeking to enhance their firms' entrepreneurial capacity in a digital era. By intentionally combining mobile resource deployment with digital enablement, MNEs can create sustainable competitive advantages even as markets continue to evolve rapidly. This approach represents a crucial adaptation strategy for multinational firms navigating today's complex global business landscape.

Digital service innovation in SMEs: identifying the barriers for business model evolution

Digital service innovation in SMEs: identifying the barriers for business model evolution

Real-time Detection of Anomalous Trading Patterns in Financial Markets Using Generative Adversarial Networks

This paper presents a new methodology for real-time detection of malicious business models in financial markets using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). The proposed system combines deep learning techniques with special physical systems for real-time analysis of complex business processes while maintaining business-critical low-latency requirements. print many times. The framework uses a number of design elements that process business data flows at multiple time horizons, including business microstructure features and order book quality. A comprehensive analysis of data across 24 months of business data from multiple markets shows the foundation's performance, achieving 94.7% detection accuracy with sub-3ms latency. The system handles up to 150,000 transactions per second while maintaining stable performance across transactions. The framework's adaptive thresholding mechanism and hierarchical feature fusion approach reduce the vulnerability during high traffic times. Comparative analysis shows a 15.5% improvement in identification accuracy over traditional methods. This implementation includes a robust data pre-processing pipeline and an efficient computational model, enabling deployment to the manufacturing environment. These studies contribute to the advancement of business intelligence technology by introducing new applications of GANs in detecting real-world anomalies while solving critical problems. in processing business documents frequently.

Dampak Teknologi Digital Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi

Digital technology has become a major driver of global economic transformation, having a significant impact on productivity, innovation and the creation of new markets. This research aims to analyze how digital technology influences economic growth, both in terms of opportunities and challenges. Digitalization increases efficiency and productivity through automation, data analytics, and the development of new business models such as e-commerce and fintech. In addition, digital technology opens up global market access, accelerates innovation, and creates employment opportunities in technology-based sectors. However, workforce disruption due to automation, the digital divide, and regulatory challenges are the main obstacles that need to be overcome. Countries that are able to strategically integrate digital technology into their economies tend to experience faster economic growth than countries that lag behind in digital transformation.

Sustainable Strategies in Indian Aviation: A Case Study of Vistara Airlines

Launched as a joint venture between Tata Sons and Singapore Airlines in 2015, Vistara has established itself as a high-end, full-service airline in India's jackfruit aviation industry. Unlike low-cost airlines, Vistara implemented a three-class cabin system on domestic routes: economy, premium economy, and business class. The airline prioritizes customer participation, operational efficiency, and timeliness, fusing Singapore Airlines's service quality with Tata's hospitality. Despite obstacles such as price sensitivity, legal restrictions, and rivalry, Vistara has grown his network and fleet, preserving its specific brand. The airline has worked outside the variables such as the Kovid -19 epidemic, transferring fuel prices and changing the taste of the customer. Its reputation for high-end journey is the result of its marketing strategy and unique service offerings. This research examines Vistara's market status, business model and solution to industry issues. We can learn more about the airline's success elements and lessons for the large aviation industry by checking its expansion.

Empowering Persons with Disabilities through Inclusive Productive Zakat Models: Insights from Indonesian Local Cases

The process of empowerment through the collection of charitable resources for individuals with disabilities is predominantly associated with economic factors. Nonetheless, the distribution of zakat plays a pivotal role for beneficiaries (mustaḥiqq), emphasizing inclusive models rather than productive approaches. To explore these dynamics, the researchers conducted fieldwork in Rowosari Village, Semarang City, Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with representatives from relevant institutions and disability advocacy groups, employing a phenomenological analytical framework. The findings reveal that zakat institutions, such as Darut Tahuhid Peduli, have implemented the Indonesia Peduli Difabel initiative, which focuses on sustainable economic empowerment, entrepreneurial training, and community integration. These programs have demonstrated success in planning, assessment, distribution, assistance, and evaluation. Consequently, a bottom-up model for empowering individuals with disabilities has emerged, facilitating the development of pertinent business models, such as catfish farming, through the verification of beneficiaries’ eligibility and the execution of feasibility studies. The initiatives are effectively utilizing allocated zakat funds in aquaculture and financial management. Continuous support is provided to assist individuals with disabilities in both economic and personal development. This research not only addresses material considerations but also incorporates social and spiritual dimensions as mechanisms for empowerment that positively influence personal well-being. Thus, this article contributes to the advancement of knowledge regarding welfare provision discourses, aligning with additional elements that enhance empowerment studies.

Thematic structure of research on platform business growth: implications for strategy

ABSTRACT In this study, we conducted a bibliometric analysis to explore research on platform business growth. By mapping key themes, we provided a structured overview of the field. Our findings highlight four primary research themes: ‘platform architecture, network effects, and complementors’, ‘platform business models’, ‘platform dynamic capabilities’ and ‘platform ecosystems’. Through co-word and co-citation analyses, this study enhances theoretical understanding by identifying major research areas and gaps. Additionally, it offers both theoretical and practical insights for optimising platform strategies. By pinpointing research gaps, we pave the way for future studies on platform business growth.

The Intersection of Business Models and SME Performance: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends

This study presents a systematic bibliometric analysis to identify trends and gaps in research on SME business models and SME performance, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive search of the Scopus database (1957–2025) identified 85,494 initial records. After removing duplicates and applying screening criteria, 307 studies were included, with only 22 specifically focused on SME performance. The PRISMA flow diagram illustrates the study selection process. The findings reveal three key research themes: digitalisation, business model innovation, and sustainability. The study contributes to the literature by providing a structured bibliometric analysis of SME business model research, highlighting geographic disparities, theoretical gaps, and underexplored areas, such as the role of institutional factors in SME performance. This imbalance highlights the need for broader geographical representation in future studies. This study emphasises the importance of further research on adaptive and resilient SME business models, particularly in emerging markets. It also recommends greater collaboration across disciplines to advance theoretical and practical insights in this field. By applying a systematic approach, this study provides a structured overview of the current literature and identifies areas requiring further investigation.

Innovating for social good: digital transformation and crisis-based entrepreneurial opportunities

PurposeThis research explores how Social Organizations (SOs) leverage digital transformation during crises, focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic. It examines the links between digital innovation, business model adaptation, and social impact, offering frameworks for resilience in challenging contexts.Design/methodology/approachThe research employs qualitative methodologies to analyze data from 481 project proposals submitted by Italian SOs in response to a crisis-oriented grant initiative during the COVID-19 pandemic. The methodological approach combines systematic coding procedures and analytical frameworks, validated through expert consultation to ensure methodological rigor.FindingsThe analysis identifies four strategic approaches to digital transformation: product reconfiguration, business model adaptation, organizational change, and network development. These findings reveal varying digital adoption capabilities among SOs, emphasizing the need for context-specific implementation strategies.Research limitations/implicationsThe research scope is limited by its focus on Italian SOs, potentially affecting result generalizability. Future research directions should encompass cross-cultural comparative analyses and longitudinal investigations of digital strategy evolution.Practical implicationsThe research provides strategic frameworks for organizational leaders implementing digital transformation initiatives. Additionally, it offers guidance for policy development and investment allocation in supporting SO digital capability development.Social implicationsThe integration of digital transformation strategies with social objectives enables SOs to enhance service delivery effectiveness, improve accessibility, and strengthen inclusive practices, ultimately amplifying their societal impact potential.Originality/valueThis study addresses how SOs manage digital transformation and entrepreneurial opportunities during crises, contributing to literature by integrating digitalization, entrepreneurial management, and business model innovation perspectives.

Leveraging AI, ML, and Gen AI in Automotive and Financial Services: Data-Driven Approaches to Insurance, Payments, Identity Protection, and Sustainable Innovation

Digital native and tech-savvy ‘born-digital’ or netizens are coining new ethics, norms, and behaviors all at once based on AI and ML algorithms that are ‘self’-bagging their couriers, nudging them for politically sensitized and personalized information, provisioning for bedrooms as Primordial soup, and shatterproofing their gizmos. We dub the born-digital netizens as Gen AI and the future as the Hybrid World, where humanity and ‘self’ will co-exist integrating the ‘self’ conditioned in algorithmic dreams. We extend this narrative to discuss the design domains of IoT, wearables, smart apparel, VR/AR MR, Industry 4.0, Reinforcement Learning, Smart U, Big data analytics, gossip-crawling, and MotionBI applications. This elaborates on our prior work on IoT, AR/MR, and digital twin technologies with 70 elements of AI and ML algorithms, thereby producing a tapestry of digital twins in multifarious domains, specifically financial services and automotive. The digital twin algorithms not only nudge the design and decision-making processes but also enable innovation in products, services, and business models through smart data-driven decisions, optimizations, simulations, and predictions, leading to productive, efficient, resilient, and competitive organizations. We use these designs to identify ethical, responsible, and sustainable implications and regulations for future-of-work, future-of-society, and future-of-planet. At a broad level, we make policy suggestions for GDPR, Autonomous Vehicles, computer-aided design, Regtech regulatory compliance tech, SME small and medium enterprise Finance 3.0, data assets, and data-driven decisions.

Management Responses to Climate Change: An Analysis of Scholarly Recommendations

ABSTRACTThis article analyzes management scholars' recommendations for business managers on how to respond to climate change. It distinguishes recommendations by whether they propose responsiveness to climate change that aims for adaptation, mitigation, and resilience as short‐term orientations as well as transformation and regeneration as long‐term orientations. The analysis of 192 practical implications in 91 articles suggests that managers are recommended to make short‐term oriented adjustments to their business by adapting to the challenges and contributing to the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. There are fewer recommendations on what measures managers should take to make businesses more resilient to the effects of climate change, how managers should contribute to the transformational needs of society, and how business models could be designed that support long‐term climate mitigation. The article provides an overview of the recommendations in the reviewed social scientific management literature and discusses further avenues for understanding and advancing the role of business toward climate‐friendly markets and society.

From Carbon Footprints to Competitive Edges: Analyzing Environmental Efficiency in Aviation

Purpose: This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of environmental efficiency in the aviation industry, focusing on 19 global airline companies employing diverse business models. Methodology: Utilizing Data Envelopment Analysis for 2017 to 2022, the research quantifies efficiency levels based on input and output variables, including Fuel Consumption, Revenue Passenger Kilometers, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Total Income. Findings: Noteworthy findings reveal that Alaska Airlines (VRS=1), Lufthansa (VRS=1), Spirit Airlines (VRS=1), and Delta Air Lines (VRS=1) consistently operated at the environmental efficiency frontier, showcasing a proportional relationship between input and output values. Originality: The dynamic nature of the aviation industry, coupled with the economic implications of environmental initiatives, necessitates a nuanced understanding of airlines' sustainability efforts. Policymakers are urged to consider measures such as the effective introduction of Sustainable Aviation Fuels and large-scale strategies to reduce aviation-related greenhouse gas emissions.

Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 Recovery Strategies in the Hospitality and Tourism Industry

The COVID-19 pandemic presented an unprecedented challenge for the tourism industry, disrupting operations, reducing customer demand, and forcing businesses to adapt quickly to a new reality. This study explored the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism and hospitality industry and addresses a specific research gap: the limited application of structured theoretical frameworks—particularly the three-R stakeholder collaboration model—in examining recovery strategies. Prior studies have largely focused on individual tactics or short-term impacts, rather than a structured, stakeholder-driven, multi-phase recovery process. Employing a qualitative research design, this study used grounded theory to investigate how tourism service providers and key stakeholders navigated the challenges of the pandemic. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 participants, including tourism business owners, hotel and event managers, public sector employees, and academics. These insights offer a comprehensive, multi-perspective view of how the industry navigated the pandemic. Grounded theory was used to inductively develop a model of recovery behaviors, with data coded through open, axial, and selective stages using MAXQDA 2020 software. Findings revealed several key strategies—such as cost-cutting, digital transformation, and cultural adaptation—that enabled businesses to maintain operations during the pandemic and recover in its aftermath. Finally, refashioning business models through digital transformation, the diversification of services, and a shift to local markets helped tourism providers adapt to the changing environment and ensure long-term resilience.

Industry 4.0 and Management 4.0: Examining the Impact of Environmental, Cultural, and Technological Changes

Environmental, cultural, and technological developments, along with Industry 4.0 technologies—one of the most significant topics of recent years—have led to a paradigm shift in management functions and practices. These changes raise questions about the necessity of discussing the emergence of a new revolution in management, referred to as Management 4.0. Accordingly, the purpose of this exploratory sequential mixed-methods study is to examine the impact of environmental, cultural, and technological developments on management functions through Industry 4.0 technologies and to explore the underlying elements of the qualitative findings in depth. To address the research problem, 401 business managers participated in the quantitative phase of the study, while 10 business managers took part in the qualitative phase. The quantitative phase also included scale development. The study discusses the prediction of Management 4.0 and evaluates its feasibility. The findings from the quantitative research indicate that Industry 4.0 technologies play a mediating role between environmental changes and management functions. Meanwhile, the qualitative findings suggest that environmental, cultural, and technological developments are shaping a new cultural environment, necessitating adaptation to a new order. As a result of these changes, employees are expected to take part in decision-making processes. In terms of management functions, key developments include enhanced planning and coordination, the rise of platform-based business models, increased collaboration with competitors, the adoption of a modern management approach, and more frequent monitoring and control. Furthermore, the study reveals that although business managers in Turkey recognize the necessity of adopting Industry 4.0 technologies, their widespread implementation remains limited. This study contributes to the literature by introducing the concept of Management 4.0 and developing the Management 4.0 Foresight Scale.

Model Peningkatan Kinerja Keuangan melalui Financial Behavior sebagai Variabel Intervening

MSMEs in Kolaka Regency continue to continue their business activities using digitalization even though the pandemic is over. The development of contemporary financial technology (fintech) has made a significant contribution to increasing efficiency and economic value in the buying and selling transaction process and payment systems, while maintaining its effectiveness. Along with the advancement of fintech, competence in digital literacy has also increased its urgency in the current era, as evidenced by the real impact of digitalization on the level of welfare, both at the individual and business entity levels. Business actors who do not have digital capabilities are at risk of being excluded from the various economic benefits offered by digital-based business models. Explicitly, mastery of digital literacy is a basic prerequisite that allows individuals to optimize the various economic prospects available in the modern digital landscape. In this context, financial behavior becomes relevant, covering aspects such as controlling expenses, discipline in fulfilling debt repayment obligations on time, and implementing wise debt and savings management as a basis for financial decision-making. Facing the transition to the post-Covid-19 pandemic era, adaptation through the implementation of digitalization is a must for business continuity.

A bid for sustainability from the digital platform: an institutional work perspective

Purpose Digital platforms and sustainability are two growing trends associated with organisational innovation and change. However, little emphasis has been placed on exploring how digital platforms can lead to the development of sustainability practices. This paper argues that different classes of sustainability can emerge from platforms in the form of institutional work whose legitimacy derives from judgments of value aimed at solving sustainability problems. This paper aims to identify the forms of institutional work proposed by different platform models that emphasise sustainability. Design/methodology/approach Based on a theoretical process model to depict the nexus between digital platforms and sustainability and a documentary examination of 153 digital platform ventures that claim sustainability solutions, this research uses qualitative comparative analysis to derive combinations of causal conditions to explain the scope of sustainability (form of institutional work) from types of platform solutions. Qualitatively, this paper derives patterns, iterating between data and the literature to validate the model. Findings The findings highlight the role of platforms’ information provision and persuasion techniques in advancing a sustainable digital inclusion agenda, which can have different forms of influence on organisational culture, business processes, performance metrics, supply chain practices and communication language. In particular, the provision of feedback on business sustainability can trigger new organisational processes and metrics, while the persuasion techniques embedded in some platforms’ business models have the potential to change practices at the value chain level in the face of persistent digital rebound effects. Originality/value While the effectiveness of such solutions could be called into question, the intended influence of platforms on businesses provides valuable stepping stones towards the prospect of more effective digital sustainability outcomes, with implications for the digitalisation-sustainability nexus, its theory and practice. Beyond the types of value that platforms can provide, this research has shown that many types of business models can unlock different forms of sustainability, challenging the dichotomy that prevails between market and alternative forms of value.

Financial and Administrative Management Models for Digital Ventures: A Literature Review

Financial and administrative management models are crucial to the success of digital ventures, providing practices that optimize resource management and support strategic decision-making in dynamic digital environments. This study presents an original systematic literature review (SLR) following the PRISMA guidelines, analyzing 354 articles extracted from Scopus and Web of Science databases. Bibliometric techniques, including VOSViewer 1.6.19 version and R-Bibliometrix software 4.3.3 version, were used to identify key research themes, emerging trends, and future directions in the field. A notable 114.29% increase in academic output from 2019 to 2024 underscores the growing importance of these management models. The analysis reveals a focus on financial management tools (e.g., Valuation, Discounted Cash Flow models) and administrative models (e.g., RocaSalvatella, INCIPY), while also exploring the challenges and opportunities present in digital environments. The interaction between external variables (resource management, operational efficiency, adaptability, financial planning, technological innovation) and internal variables (market conditions, government regulations, economic trends) is discussed. This study highlights the integration of agile methodologies, such as Lean Startup, and the growing emphasis on digital resilience, organizational agility, and the impact of digital transformation on business models. The theoretical contribution of this study lies in offering a comprehensive framework that synthesizes existing models, highlights key research gaps, and emphasizes the need for future studies on the dynamic interaction between financial planning, technological innovation, and organizational agility. From a practical perspective, the findings provide digital entrepreneurs and managers with valuable insights into implementing financial tools and administrative frameworks that enhance decision-making, while also underscoring the importance of agility, operational efficiency, and market adaptability to navigate digital disruptions.