The banking industry plays a strategic role in supporting the national economy as a financial intermediary institution that collects and distributes public funds. Following regulatory changes, the Financial Services Authority (OJK) has established a grouping of banks based on core capital, known as the Core Capital Bank Group (KBMI). KBMI 3 and KBMI 4 represent large-capital banks with broad business scopes and a crucial role in maintaining financial system stability. The 2019–2024 period is relevant for this study because it encompasses the regulatory transition from BUKU to KBMI. This study aims to analyze and compare the banking health of banks classified as KBMI 3 and KBMI 4 using the RGEC (Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earnings, and Capital) method during the 2019–2024 period. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach with a comparative approach. The research sample was determined using a purposive sampling technique, including banks in KBMI 3 (Bank Panin, Bank BSI, and Bank Permata) and banks in KBMI 4 (Bank BRI, Bank Mandiri, and Bank BCA). The data used were secondary data obtained from the bank's annual financial reports. Data analysis was performed using two-group difference tests, namely the Independent Sample t-test and the Mann–Whitney U-test. The results showed a significant difference in the bank health level between KBMI 3 and KBMI 4 across all RGEC components. KBMI 4 had a better Risk Profile performance with a lower NPL ratio and a more stable LDR/FDR. In the GCG component, KBMI 4 demonstrated stronger governance implementation. In terms of Earnings, KBMI 4 had a higher level of profitability and better operational efficiency. Furthermore, the Capital component indicated that KBMI 4 had more stable and robust capital to support its business activities. Overall, this study concluded that KBMI 4 had a better level of bank health than KBMI 3 based on the RGEC method during the 2019–2024 period.

The rapid expansion of the global halal economy presents new opportunities for graduates to create value through ethical, innovation-driven enterprises. This paper reflects on four years of teaching the Halal Entrepreneurship course at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), where the pedagogical approach intentionally goes beyond theoretical instruction to train students in halal-compliant income generation, digital business models, and ethical entrepreneurial behaviour grounded in Maqasid al-Shari’ah principles. The study adopts an autoethnographic approach, using the instructors' self-reflection, supported by teaching notes, course artefacts, and informal feedback collected over four consecutive years. The course design integrates value-centric teaching, digital marketplace training, and project-based entrepreneurship, enabling students to apply halal concepts to practical business activities that generate real revenue. Cross multiple student cohorts delivered over four academic years, during which the course was offered twice per year, students demonstrated the capacity to conceptualise halal business models, conduct fundamental market analysis, price products responsibly, and utilise digital platforms for sales and branding. Observations indicate that early exposure to Halal Entrepreneurship reduces fear of business failure, strengthens ethical decision-making, and improves student confidence in economic participation through self-employment and small-scale start-ups. The paper illustrates how a values-based entrepreneurship curriculum supports the development of future-ready talent for the digital economy, encourages inclusive economic governance, and contributes to the broader halal innovation landscape.

The Sakhalin region is one of the most inviting territories of the Russian Federation. It is the only region of the country whose territory is located only on islands. The region is not only rich in natural resources but has a serious potential for long-term social and economic development. Economic and geographical location, unique natural landscapes and historically shaped cultural heritage make the Sakhalin region a competitive trend for tourism development, especially in the context of current circumstances connected with unstable global geo-economic situation. Since 2020, when international traveling became embarrassing, in-country tourism in Russia began its fast development. This trend had a positive impact on regions deprived of tourist interest on the part of various groups of Russian society. Due to these processes the territory of the Far-East area, including the Sakhalin region got a unique chance to extend their tourist opportunities and implement their economic potential, having in mind export and foreign tourists. The article studies the current situation in tourist sphere of the Sakhalin region and identifies key aspects of creative economy, which can be used as a foundation for developing new tourist products and services on Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. Focus is made on identifying opportunities for business activities in conditions of the Sakhalin region with regard to logistic characteristics of the Far East in general.

Purpose This study investigates how internally displaced entrepreneurs (IDEs) with extremely limited resources mobilize resources to reinitiate entrepreneurship in hostile environments. We examine the mechanisms by which resilience and bricolage interact to support entrepreneurial re-engagement in contexts of internal displacement, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts a qualitative research design, drawing on 25 in-depth interviews with IDEs and two key informant interviews with representatives of NGOs in the Jibiya refugee camp, Katsina State, Nigeria. Using thematic analysis, we combined inductive and deductive coding processes to develop and refine our codes, which generated a rich set of patterns in the data–illustrating how IDEs reinitiate entrepreneurship in challenging and unfamiliar markets. Findings The findings reveal that adversities faced in the new environment trigger a resilient response among IDEs, including optimism, passion for enterprise, and resistance to marginalization. Through various bricolage behaviors such as trust-building and resource repurposing, entrepreneurs mobilize limited resources to reignite business activities and generate value. This process unfolds in a three-stage sequence linking resilience and bricolage to entrepreneurial re-engagement, namely: (1) reinitiation trigger, (2) tangible and intangible resource mobilization, and (3) value generation. Originality/value This study advances entrepreneurship literature by developing a processual model of entrepreneurial reinitiation among IDEs. It shows how resilience is not only an outcome but also a dynamic enabler of resource bricolage. Furthermore, the research fills a significant gap by focusing on internally (rather than internationally) displaced entrepreneurs in sub-Saharan Africa, providing rare empirical insights into their adaptive entrepreneurial strategies.

ABSTRACT The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought significant transformations to corporate management practices and profoundly influenced various business activities. Accordingly, we investigate the impact of AI on corporate diversification strategies. Using data from Chinese listed companies as the research sample, this study finds that AI significantly promotes corporate diversification. This conclusion remains robust after conducting robustness checks and addressing endogeneity issues. Mechanism analysis reveals that AI promotes corporate diversification by enhancing firms’ diversified innovation levels and reducing management costs. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the promotive effect of AI on corporate diversification is more pronounced in non-state-owned enterprises, firms facing higher market competition intensity, and firms with higher customer concentration. Furthermore, we examine whether AI improves firms’ overall resource allocation efficiency and find that AI significantly enhances resource allocation efficiency, thereby offsetting the negative impact of diversification.

Clean energy bolsters economic resilience but remains sensitive to adverse macroeconomic conditions. This paper employs a quantile-on-quantile connectedness approach to examine the links between US business conditions (ADS) and clean energy stock prices (ECO). The results reveal strong direct and inverse relationships, particularly at the tail quantiles. ECO consistently functions as a net shock receiver, highlighting its vulnerability to both extreme downturns and upswings in business activity.

The elaboration of entrepreneurial theory into a practical realm requires serious strengthening and focus, to create people who are truly resilient in running a business. In this description, motivation and providing real examples are needed for business actors, so that they have high motivation to start and develop businesses and open jobs for the community in their environment. The main target in providing business motivation is Tea and Getuk SMEs that have potential prospects for business development, especially looking for food characteristics for Kemuning tourist destinations. This business started from trial and error without being supported by business planning, but over time it has become a promising business, evidenced by a wider market, more and more turnover and the number of employees until now reaches 15 (fifteen) people. Symptoms of significant business development from time to time recommend that business governance with all descendants of tea and getuk business activities cannot survive with the patterns that have been practiced, this is as a result of the development of problems, challenges, especially changes in consumer tastes and business competitors. It is considered necessary to adapt to the completeness of management, information technology, which is able to control the development, challenges and business problems along with the progress of the tea and getuk business. One of the main elements in controlling business development is foresight in reading business situations and problems, in anticipation of the right decisions in order to protect the onslaught of competitors and strengthen business management in the context of business progress, sustainability and sustainability.

Information technologies are developing rapidly. The number of people envolved in IT sector is also growing fast. Users, freelancers, software developers, IT companies create various formal and non-formal interest groups: community, hackathons, co-workings, hackerspaces, IT-clusters, and others. IT-cooperative is one of these new, very promising, but yet little-known forms. The article reveals the features of cooperative as a unique form of business based on solidarity and ethical principles. The article shows the reasons of cooperatives emergence, their types and varieties, features and extent of development in the world and in separate sectors of economy of different countries. The basic cooperative principles, which make coops unique and distinguish them from other forms of business activity, are analyzed. The experience and activity of individual IT-cooperatives in different countries are generalized. The emphasis is made on the benefits cooperative business model can provide the IT specialists with. Several possible promising models of IT-cooperatives are developed. There is not information about existence of such models yet, but they can be created potentially.

This community service activity aims to improve the competency of the managers of the Koperasi Desa Kelurahan Merah Putih (KD/KMP) in Mojokerto Regency through operational management training and the preparation of a village potential-based business model. The activity was carried out in collaboration with the Mojokerto Regency Cooperative Office using lecture, discussion and question and answer methods. The location of the activity was themed on Friday, November 7, 2025 at New Djimbaran Resto and Friday, November 21, 2025 at Amanatul Ummah Pacet, Mojokerto Regency. This training provides an understanding of operational management that discusses planning, organizing, implementing, and supervising business activities effectively and efficiently. While the material challenges the village potential-based model, namely identifying village potential through the Business Model Canvas, and sustainable cooperative business development strategies.

Article 13 of the Financial Services Authority Regulation (POJK) Number 5/POJK/03/2015 concerning Minimum Core Capital Provisions for People's Credit Banks has required all People's Credit Banks to fulfill the minimum core capital of Rp. 6 billion until the deadline ending December 31, 2024. Based on the above provisions, Bank Perkreditan Rakyat which does not have a core capital of Rp. 6 billion must find funds, including by selling its personal assets, looking for new investors and also for shareholders to sell their Bank Perkreditan Rakyat to other parties. The approach of this research is normative juridical supported by empirical juridical juridical The data used in this study are secondary data and primary data in the form of interviews. Based on the results of the research, the discussion and analysis were concluded. First, the legal consequences of the issuance of financial services authority regulations regarding the obligation to fulfill the minimum core capital for the existence of the People's Economic Bank are subject to administrative sanctions in the form of: 1) it is stated that the health level of BPR has decreased; 2) it is forbidden to open an office network; 3) it is prohibited to carry out Foreign Exchange Business Activities and electronic banking device services; 4) subject to restrictions on the area of disbursement of funds to one district that is the same as the location of the BPR office; 5) subject to remuneration restrictions or other forms equivalent to it to members of the Board of Commissioners and/or the Board of Directors of BPR, or in return to related parties, 6) revocation of BPR's operational license. Second, the obstacles faced in the implementation of the Financial Services Authority Regulation on the obligation to fulfill the minimum core capital by the People's Economic Bank are divided into two, namely: legal and non-legal constraints. Legal obstacles are 1) limited BPR business activities, 2) merger efforts (consolidation) can eliminate the historical traces of BPR Lugas Dana Mandiri, 3) takeover efforts have the potential to cause the relocation of BPR business locations, and non-legal obstacles, namely; 1) the financial ability of BPR shareholders, 2) the existence of sectoral egos in BPR merger efforts.

Purpose This study aims to examine and estimate the impact of the transformation of banking operations from traditional banking to digital banking and income diversification on the stability of banks in Southeast Asian countries during the period from 2006 to 2021. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a Bayesian model to examine the impact of digital transformation (represented by the variables: BIS: Number of broadband internet subscribers, in thousands; and MB100: Number of mobile phone subscribers, per 100 people LN) along with bank income diversification represented by (LA: Bank liquid assets compared to deposits and short-term capital sources; and NII: Bank non-interest income compared to total income, in percent) on the stability of banks (represented by ZCORE: Z-score of the banking system). Data are taken from 2006 to 2021 at annual frequency in 10 countries: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, East Timor, Singapore, Malaysia and Vietnam. In addition, the study also conducts a robustness test of the research model through the use of ordinary least squares, fixed effects model, random effects model and feasible generalized least squares models. Findings When banks diversify their non-interest income, it creates positive effects on bank stability by reducing their dependence on traditional credit business activities, which contain many potential risks. However, the banking sector of Southeast Asian countries is in the early stages of digital transformation, so the cost of digitalization creates great pressure on financial capital flows and causes weakening of bank stability. Practical implications Cost is an issue that needs to be considered for the digital transformation process of banks. Banks can take advantage of technologies and technology transfer activities from advanced countries to shorten the time and reduce costs for the digitalization process of business activities. National development policies need to aim at equipping modern technology infrastructure to create an advanced ecosystem to support the digital transformation activities of banks. Banks need to integrate income diversification and digital transformation to aim for stable and sustainable development in the long term. Originality/value This study provides empirical evidence on the dual impact of income diversification and digital transformation on the stability of Southeast Asian banks. The study proposes several recommendations for policymakers to aim at achieving stable and sustainable growth for banks in Southeast Asia.

Human resources always play an active and dominant role in every organizational and business activity, because humans are the planners, actors, and determinants of the realization of organizational and business goals. Human resources are one of the most decisive factors in the success or failure of an organization or company. This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of individual characteristics, organizational climate, and job satisfaction on employee performance at Mason Elephant Park & Lodge Gianyar. The population in this study was employees at Mason Elephant Park & Lodge Gianyar. The sample in this study consisted of 59 respondents, using a saturated sampling method where the entire population was used as the sample. The analysis used in this study was multiple linear regression analysis processed using the SPSS version 25.0 program. Based on the analysis results, this study shows that individual characteristics, organizational climate, and job satisfaction each have a significant positive effect on employee performance at Mason Elephant Park & Lodge Gianyar. Suggestions for further research include developing this study by adding variable variations such as job training, leadership style, and knowledge sharing.

One of the government programs to increase economic activity is the establishement of the Koperasi Merah Putih Desa/Kelurahan (KDKMP) throughout Indonesia.For the success of this business,it ii necessary to be supported by the competence of human resources in the Village/City as Coperative administrators who carry out their business activities. While While the competence of human resources in the Village/City in managing cooperatives related to marketing management for sustainability is not yet fully evenly distributed. The purpose of this Community Service Activity is to provide knowledge and understanding of the Koperasi Merah Putih Desa/Kelurahan (KDKMP) Program as well as the management and marketing of Cooperative businesses through increasing the empowerment of Administrators. The Community Service Activity was carried out in the Bangsal District area of Mojokerto Regency and was attended by 110 Cooperative administrators. This activity provides marketing training to increase the capacity of cooperative managers, specifically in managing and marketing the Koperasi Merah Putih Desa/Kelurahan (KDKMP). The training method used is face-to-face meetings and interactive discussions, utilizing three modules: Business Plan Preparation and Risk Mitigation, Business Development, and Sustainable Marketing Management. The result is that Cooperative Management Partners gain an understanding and knowledge of cooperative business management and marketing, including business plan proposal preparation and risk mitigation, sustainable marketing management, and business development.

With the rapid development of technology, significant changes have also occurred in various aspects of human life, including changes in the payment system in Indonesia. In the past, transactions relied solely on cash as the only legal means of payment. However, nowadays, everyone can easily make payments to anyone using non-cash payment methods. As we know, people tend to prefer payment systems that are fast, effective, and efficient. To facilitate transactions, the banking sector has established several types of payment instruments, such as cash, paper-based instruments, and electronic money (e-money). As a means of payment and debt collection, paper-based money functions equivalently to cash, with its authenticity guaranteed through negotiable instruments. In the world of trade, payment traffic is one of the most crucial aspects, and banks play a major role in it. Banks are one of the main drivers of the economy and have several objectives, including strengthening national development, promoting economic growth, ensuring equitable distribution of wealth, and maintaining national stability to achieve public welfare. Trade activities are carried out by individuals engaged in business enterprises. The bank’s responsibility regarding the use of checks arises from an agreement between both parties the bank and the debtor customer known as the basic contract . The use of checks provides benefits not only for customers but also for banks, as it helps facilitate payments between parties involved in business activities.

Raw materials are one of the determining factors in the smooth production process.The obstruction of the production process will affect the output produced and reduce consumer confidence in the company. For this reason, it is necessary to control the inventory of raw materials using Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method. This study aims to determine how business activities place orders, determine the optimal amount of inventory in placing orders. This analysis is carried out using the Economic Order Quantity, Reorder Point, Safety Stock methods. EOQ aims to determine the amount of raw materials ordered and minimize the total cost of ordering and storage. Reorder point aims to find out when to order back appropriately, and Safety Stock aims to provide security if the order period is not appropriate. Data collection methods using documentation and interviews. The results of research and discussion using EOQ method obtained more effective results. This can be seen from the comparison of company policy with EOQ method. During this time the company made an average purchase of 277.5 kg with a frequency of 24 orders a year. The total inventory cost is Rp 3,804,166. Meanwhile, when using EOQ method, the average purchase amount is 137 kg with an order frequency of 5 times a year. The total cost of inventory is Rp 1,482,639 a year. The safety stock required by the company is 18.5 kg and the company must place a reorder point when the inventory has reached 42.28 kg. From these results, it can be compared if the system currently running in the company incurs higher costs compared to using EOQ method.

The purpose of the study is to explore the application of qualitative methods in evaluating business relocation management, particularly focusing on optimizing business models through a qualimetric approach. The methodology involves qualitative research methods such as interviews, surveys and case studies to collect and analyze data on various aspects of business relocation. The article highlights the complexities of business relocation, emphasizing the legal, economic, social, cultural and environmental impacts on business activities. The research identifies key challenges and risks associated with relocation, particularly in the context of Ukrainian businesses relocating during wartime. Research implications suggest the need for further theoretical and analytical exploration of business relocation challenges and the development of comprehensive methodologies to evaluate relocation effectiveness. It offers valuable insights for improving communication with stakeholders, enhancing employee relations, and addressing legal and environmental considerations in relocation decisions. The study contributes to the optimization of business models through a qualimetric approach to relocation management.

This study examines the structure of social capital among subsistence entrepreneurs and the implications for entrepreneurial development. Although most policies and research prioritize opportunity-driven ventures, subsistence entrepreneurship remains the most widespread—yet underexplored—form of business activity in low-income contexts. Using egocentric network data from 183 subsistence entrepreneurs in Bogotá, Colombia, three structural indicators—network size, homophily and weighted degree centralization—were assessed. A fuzzy clustering approach revealed three recurrent network configurations, plus a residual group, each associated with distinct capacities for access to resources, resilience and potential pathways to formalization. Findings demonstrate that subsistence entrepreneurs are far from homogeneous. Highly centralized and homogeneous networks are linked to greater vulnerability and isolation, whereas diverse and decentralized ties enhance adaptive capacity and institutional linkage. These results highlight the value of structural network analysis for identifying patterns of social capital that can inform differentiated strategies of support. For ecosystem actors—such as chambers of commerce, universities and public entrepreneurship agencies—these insights provide guidance for designing interventions tailored to the heterogeneity of subsistence entrepreneurship. By shifting attention to the structural underpinnings of informal ventures, this study contributes to advancing inclusive and context-sensitive entrepreneurial development.

CV Master Grafix, a small-to-medium enterprise (SME) engaged in product label printing, faces various operational challenges due to the dominance of manual processes in key business activities such as color data management, design approval, raw material procurement, and employee performance evaluation. These inefficiencies lead to service delays and decreased competitiveness in responding to the dynamic demands of B2B customers. This research aims to develop a strategic Information Systems and Information Technology (IS/IT) plan to improve the company's operational efficiency. This study adopts a qualitative descriptive approach using a case study method and applies the Ward and Peppard framework to formulate the IS/IT strategy. Data will be collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and document analysis. Strategic evaluations will be conducted using approaches such as Value Chain, SWOT, Gap Analysis, Critical Success Factors (CSF), and the McFarlan Strategic Grid. Meanwhile, technology initiative priorities will be determined using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method based on the BOCR dimensions (Benefit, Opportunity, Cost, Risk). The outcome of this research is a strategic IS/IT planning document that includes an information technology strategy, an information systems business strategy, and an IS/IT management strategy, along with a prioritized portfolio of applications. This plan is intended to serve as a foundation for developing technology solutions that enhance operational efficiency and strengthen the competitiveness of CV Master Grafix in the B2B printing industry

The rapid growth of the modern culinary industry has created intense competition for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), particularly traditional and home-based cake businesses. This situation requires cake MSMEs to adopt appropriate strategies in order to sustain their businesses. This study aims to analyze the survival strategies implemented by cake MSMEs amid modern culinary competition. The research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Data were collected through direct interviews with cake MSME owners, observation of business activities, and supporting documentation. The findings indicate that the survival strategies of cake MSMEs include maintaining product quality and taste consistency, implementing simple product innovations, utilizing social media as a promotional tool, and offering affordable prices to consumers. Despite facing challenges such as limited capital and promotional capacity, cake MSMEs are able to survive by relying on product quality and customer loyalty. This study is expected to contribute to the development of cake MSMEs in becoming more adaptive and competitive in the modern culinary era.

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are business activities that play an important role in increasing community income and economic stability. In running a business, the right strategy is needed to survive and grow. By innovating products and proper marketing, it will certainly strengthen the position in facing market competition. The community service activity aims to strengthen the business through product diversifiction and digital marketing at Mbak Haryati’s Rengginang MSME in Bukit Makmur Village. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection was carried out through interviews and direct observation. In this activity basic knowledge was conveyed about the importance of developing a product and education about digital based marketing. The results of this service show that business owners have increased understanding and are motivated to develop their product and have a facebook account as a marketing medium with a wider reach to increase sales of rengginang product.