Periodic Bursts Research Articles

Dynamic Attending in percussionists and wind players

Percussionists have been shown to have superior temporal perception, but the underlying mechanisms for this advantage deserve further investigation. Dynamic Attending Theory, which posits the way attention aligns with rhythmic temporal structure, may explain why percussionists exhibit superior temporal perception. Percussionists may entrain more strongly to periodic stimuli than other musicians, and possibly at multiple hierarchical levels as opposed to only the tactus. To test these hypotheses, we asked a total of 41 musicians, 20 percussionists, and 21 wind players to complete a target detection task. Participants listened to periodic bursts of noise ( priming bursts) and tried to detect target bursts of noise at different temporal positions, some in phase and some out of phase with the initial noises. Target-burst amplitudes were calibrated to be at each participant’s perceptual threshold. We analyzed the hit rates at the different temporal positions, as well as the Fourier transform of those hit rate curves. No discernible difference between groups was found in the time domain, but in the frequency domain the percussionist group showed stronger fluctuation at a frequency that matched the priming bursts, but not at other hierarchical levels (specifically, double that frequency). Our findings help explain percussionists’ perceptual advantages, although questions about entrainment at different hierarchical levels deserve further consideration.

Simultaneous modulation of pulse charge and burst period elicits two differentiable referred sensations

Objective.To investigate the feasibility of delivering multidimensional feedback using a single channel of peripheral nerve stimulation by complementing intensity percepts with flutter frequency percepts controlled by burst period modulation.Approach.Two dimensions of a distally referred sensation were provided simultaneously: intensity was conveyed by the modulation of the pulse charge rate inside short discrete periods of stimulation referred to as bursts and frequency was conveyed by the modulation of the period between bursts. For this approach to be feasible, intensity percepts must be perceived independently of frequency percepts. Two experiments investigated these interactions. A series of two alternative forced choice tasks (2AFC) were used to investigate burst period modulation's role in intensity discernibility. Magnitude estimation tasks were used to determine any interactions in the gradation between the frequency and intensity percepts.Main results.The 2AFC revealed that burst periods can be individually differentiated as a gradable frequency percept in peripheral nerve stimulation. Participants could correctly rate a perceptual scale of intensity and frequency regardless of the value of the second, but the dependence of frequency differentiability on charge rate indicates that frequency was harder to detect with weaker intensity percepts. The same was not observed in intensity differentiability as the length of burst periods did not significantly alter intensity differentiation. These results suggest multidimensional encoding is a promising approach for increasing information throughput in sensory feedback systems if intensity ranges are selected properly.Significance.This study offers valuable insights into haptic feedback through the peripheral nervous system and demonstrates an encoding approach for neural stimulation that may offer enhanced information transfer in virtual reality applications and sensory-enabled prosthetic systems. This multidimensional encoding strategy for sensory feedback may open new avenues for enriched control capabilities.

A set of five generalised memristive synapses for the hidden nonlinear dynamics in three coupled neurons

This article, reports a new generalised set of five memristive synapses for three sets of coupled neurons (i) 2D Fitzhugh-Nagumo (FN) and 3D Hundmarsh-Rose (HR) neuron model, (ii) 2D Fitzhugh-Nagumo and 2D Fitzhugh-Nagumo neuron model and (iii) 3D Hundmarsh-Rose neuron and 3D Hundmarsh-Rose neuron model. The proposed synapses with a coupled 2D3D neurons, 3D3D neurons or 2D2D neurons leads to various dynamical behaviours. The hidden-attracted dynamics of the coupled neurons with the proposed synapses is discussed after finding the equilibrium point of the models. Using the numerical tools, the proposed model depicts periodic, quasiperiodic, stable and chaotic bursts. Furthermore, a free control technique is applied on the states of a model by using the control of its amplitude, frequency and offset.

Detection and Reconstruction of Bursting Oscillations in Complex Systems Using the HAVOK Analysis Framework

Multi-scale dynamical systems may exhibit bursting oscillations, which are typically identified by analyzing time series and phase portraits. However, in cases where bursting oscillations are not apparent, relying solely on these methods may have limitations in accurately detecting their occurrence. This paper introduces the HAVOK analysis framework to the field of bursting oscillations. By using single-variable time series data, models that may produce bursting oscillations are restructured into forced linear models. This approach allows for the rapid prediction of bursting oscillations by observing the forced terms. The results show that the intermittent periodic bursts in the visualizations of the forced eigen time series within the HAVOK framework are strongly correlated with the excitation states in bursting oscillations, enabling the prediction of their occurrence. Especially in cases where it is challenging to determine the presence of bursting oscillations through time series plots alone, this method can still sensitively detect them. Additionally, the embedded and reconstructed flow fields plotted using this approach can help understand the dynamics of bursting oscillations in certain scenarios.

Prevalence and Propagation of Lightning‐Generated Whistlers in Van Allen Probes EFW Burst Data

AbstractWe assess the prevalence of ducted and non‐ducted whistler propagation using burst mode data from the Van Allen Probes Electric Field and Waves instrument (EFW). We have identified burst periods containing lightning‐generated whistlers (LGWs), resulting in a data set available for future use. The entire burst data set is filtered through an analysis of the search coil magnetometer (SCM) noise, identifying signals in frequency space that exceed an adaptive noise threshold. We implement DBSCAN (Density‐Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) to identify individual whistlers and clusters of whistlers. With magnetic spectral analysis, we calculate the mean wave normal angle (WNA) for each LGW group. We use ray tracing to estimate the expected WNA distributions for non‐ducted LGWs to compare to the data and determine methods for identifying potentially ducted LGWs. The ray‐tracing results provide a clear threshold in WNA for ducted whistlers. Using this threshold, we estimate that at least of LGWs in this data set are ducted. We find that the majority of potentially ducted whistlers are below and nearly half of LGWs below and within 9–18 MLT may be ducted.

Firing patterns and fast–slow dynamics in an N-type LAM-based FitzHugh–Nagumo circuit

The diversity of firing patterns and their bifurcation mechanisms of a neuron circuit are crucial for exploiting bionic applications. This paper constructs an N-type locally active memristor (LAM)-based FitzHugh–Nagumo (FHN) circuit by replacing the tunnel-diode in the original FHN circuit. Numerical simulations and hardware measurements reveal that the N-type LAM-based FHN circuit can reproduce rich neuromorphic firing patterns of quasi-periodic/periodic bursting behaviors and chaotic/periodic spiking behaviors. The bursting and spiking behaviors are triggered by a low-frequency stimulus and a high-frequency one, respectively. Besides, the fold and Hopf bifurcation sets are depicted. Then, the bifurcation mechanisms for the quasi-periodic and periodic bursting behaviors via Hopf/Hopf and Hopf/fold bifurcations are theoretically deduced by time-domain waveform and equilibrium trajectory. The numerical results and hardware experiments exhibit the effectiveness of the proposed memristive FHN circuit in reproducing abundant firing patterns of bursting and spiking behaviors.

Mechanism of an Intrinsic Oscillation in Rat Geniculate Interneurons.

Depolarizing current injections produced a rhythmic bursting of action potentials - a bursting oscillation - in a set of local interneurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of rats. The current dynamics underlying this firing pattern have not been determined, though this cell type constitutes an important cellular component of thalamocortical circuitry, and contributes to both pathologic and non-pathologic brain states. We thus investigated the source of the bursting oscillation using pharmacological manipulations in LGN slices in vitro and in silico. 1. Selective blockade of calcium channel subtypes revealed that high-threshold calcium currents and contributed strongly to the oscillation. 2. Increased extracellular K+ concentration (decreased K+currents) eliminated the oscillation. 3. Selective blockade of K+ channel subtypes demonstrated that the calcium-sensitive potassium current ( ) was of primary importance. A morphologically simplified, multicompartment model of the thalamic interneuron characterized the oscillation as follows: 1. The low-threshold calcium current provided the strong initial burst characteristic of the oscillation. 2. Alternating fluxes through high-threshold calcium channels and then provided the continuing oscillation's burst and interburst periods respectively. This interplay between and contrasts with the current dynamics underlying oscillations in thalamocortical and reticularis neurons, which primarily involve and , or and respectively. These findings thus point to a novel electrophysiological mechanism for generating intrinsic oscillations in a major thalamic cell type. Because local interneurons can sculpt the behavior of thalamocortical circuits, these results suggest new targets for the manipulation of ascending thalamocortical network activity.

Multiplexing intensity and frequency sensations for artificial touch by modulating temporal features of electrical pulse trains.

In neural prostheses, intensity modulation of a single channel (i.e., through a single stimulating electrode) has been achieved by increasing the magnitude or width of each stimulation pulse, which risks eliciting pain or paraesthesia; and by changing the stimulation rate, which leads to concurrent changes in perceived frequency. In this study, we sought to render a perception of tactile intensity and frequency independently, by means of temporal pulse train patterns of fixed magnitude, delivered non-invasively. Our psychophysical study exploits a previously discovered frequency coding mechanism, where the perceived frequency of stimulus pulses grouped into periodic bursts depends on the duration of the inter-burst interval, rather than the mean pulse rate or periodicity. When electrical stimulus pulses were organised into bursts, perceived intensity was influenced by the number of pulses within a burst, while perceived frequency was determined by the time between the end of one burst envelope and the start of the next. The perceived amplitude was modulated by 1.6× while perceived frequency was varied independently by 2× within the tested range (20-40 Hz). Thus, the sensation of intensity might be controlled independently from frequency through a single stimulation channel without having to vary the injected electrical current. This can form the basis for improving strategies in delivering more complex and natural sensations for prosthetic hand users.

Isolation and characterization of two phages against emetic Bacillus cereus and their potential applications

AbstractBacillus cereus is a common foodborne pathogen capable of producing cereulide and enterotoxin. Consumption of food contaminated with cereulide can even result in fatality. Bacteriophages are increasingly being utilized as biocontrol agents to combat specific pathogens in a variety of food products. However, there are currently no lytic phages available to target cereulide‐producing B. cereus. This study aims to isolate and characterize two novel phages, DC1 and DC2, and assess their potential for use in food substrates. These two phages possessed the widest host range among the reported lytic phages that target B. cereus. The whole genome analysis demonstrated that DC1 and DC2 belonged to the Tsarbombavirus genus of the Bastillevirinae subfamily, which is part of the Herelleviridae family. The one‐step growth curve analysis revealed that DC1 had a latent period of 30 min and a burst size of approximately 39 PFU (plaque‐forming units) per cell. On the other hand, DC2 exhibited a shorter latent period of 15 min and a larger burst size of 124 PFU per cell. Both phages had a burst period of 30 min. Furthermore, DC1 and DC2 displayed excellent stability within a wide range of pH levels and temperatures. After undergoing a brief phage‐soaking treatment, DC1 and DC2 effectively reduced the bacterial count in spiked food samples. Additionally, they inhibited the formation of biofilms and degraded already‐formed biofilms. Collectively, DC1 and DC2 exhibit great potential as biocontrol agents for the prevention and control of B. cereus contamination in foods.

Repeating X-ray bursts: Interaction between a neutron star and clumps partially disrupted from a planet

Repeating X-ray bursts from the Galactic magnetar SGR 1806-20 have been observed with a period of 398 days. Similarly, periodic X-ray bursts from SGR 1935+2154 with a period of 238 days have also been observed. Here we argue that these X-ray bursts could be produced by the interaction of a neutron star (NS) with its planet in a highly elliptical orbit. The periastron of the planet is very close to the NS, so it would be partially disrupted by the tidal force every time it passes through the periastron. Major fragments generated in the process will fall onto the NS under the influence of gravitational perturbation. The collision of the in-falling fragments with the NS produces repeating X-ray bursts. The main features of the observed X-ray bursts, such as their energy, duration, periodicity, and activity window, can all be explained in our framework.

Characterizing the aggregated encoding method utilizing bursts activated by a VCSEL-neuron with a feedback structure

The rapid advancement of photonic technologies has facilitated the development of photonic neurons that emulate neuronal functionalities akin to those observed in the human brain. Neuronal bursts frequently occur in behaviors where information is encoded and transmitted. Here, we present the demonstration of the bursting response activated by an artificial photonic neuron. This neuron utilizes a single vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) and encodes multiple stimuli effectively by varying the spike count during a burst based on the polarization competition in the VCSEL. By virtue of the modulated optical injection in the VCSEL employed to trigger the spiking response, we activate bursts output in the VCSEL with a feedback structure in this scheme. The bursting response activated by the VCSEL-neuron exhibits neural signal characteristics, promising an excitation threshold and the refractory period. Significantly, this marks the inaugural implementation of a controllable integrated encoding scheme predicated on bursts within photonic neurons. There are two remarkable merits; on the one hand, the interspike interval of bursts is distinctly diminished, amounting to merely one twenty-fourth compared to that observed in optoelectronic oscillators. Moreover, the interspike period of bursts is about 70.8% shorter than the period of spikes activated by a VCSEL neuron without optical feedback. Our results may shed light on the analogy between optical and biological neurons and open the door to fast burst encoding-based optical systems with a speed several orders of magnitude faster than their biological counterparts.

Noninvasive focused ultrasound stimulation of the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion complex regulates inflammation in murine endotoxemia

The nervous system has an important role in the regulation of cytokines and inflammation ( Nature, 2002). The celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion complex (CSMGC) is an important component of the vagus nerve based inflammatory reflex, which controls inflammation ( Nat Neuroscience 2017). In addition to receiving cholinergic innervations from the efferent vagus nerve, the CSMGC is innervated by preganglionic sympathetic splanchnic nerves, which also are involved in the inflammatory regulation. Both neuronal types - vagal and preganglionic sympathetic - interact with catecholaminergic neurons, which reside in this ganglionic complex and innervate the liver, spleen, and other abdominal organs. Despite being a prominent locus of neuronal interactions, the possibilities of directly targeting the CSMGC to regulate cytokine responses and inflammation remains unexplored. To provide insight, we subjected the CSMGC in mice to focused ultrasound stimulation (FUS) - a non-invasive approach, which has been increasingly utilized in neuromodulation. We used ultrasound imaging and doppler to localise the complex in anesthetized 10–14-week-old male C57BL/6J mice. To perform stimulation, the FUS transducer was placed on the abdominal surface over the CSMGC and FUS (1.1MHz and 200mV per pulse, 150 burst cycles, 500μs burst period) or sham stimulation was delivered for 2 mins or 5 mins. Five mins post FUS, mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin, 0.25mg/kg, i.p.) and euthanized after 90 mins. Blood and liver were collected and processed for cytokine analysis. Compared to sham stimulation, FUS of the CSMGC for 5mins (n=11,12/group) significantly decreased serum TNF levels (1,875 ± 750 pg/ml vs 672.9 ± 335 pg/ml, P< 0.0001) and hepatic TNF levels (27.8 ± 8.6 pg/mg vs 16.0 ± 7.1 pg/mg, P= 0.0018) in endotoxemic mice. In contrast, FUS of CSMGC for 2 mins (n=15/group) did not significantly alter serum TNF levels (1,458 ± 599.9 pg/ml vs 1,120 ± 332.5 pg/ml, P=0.1607). These results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effcacy of noninvasive FUS of the CSMGC. Our findings also identify the CSMGC as an easily targetable new therapeutic site for controlling systemic and hepatic inflammation with a potential for clinical translation. This work was partially supported by NIGMS. R01GM128008. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Associations Between Stress, Health Behaviors, and Quality of Life in Young Couples During the Transition to Survivorship: Protocol for a Measurement Burst Study.

Cancer is a life-threatening, stressful event, particularly for young adults due to delays and disruptions in their developmental transitions. Cancer treatment can also cause adverse long-term effects, chronic conditions, psychological issues, and decreased quality of life (QoL) among young adults. Despite numerous health benefits of health behaviors (eg, physical activity, healthy eating, no smoking, no alcohol use, and quality sleep), young adult cancer survivors report poor health behavior profiles. Determining the associations of stress (either cancer-specific or day-to-day stress), health behaviors, and QoL as young adult survivors transition to survivorship is key to understanding and enhancing these survivors' health. It is also crucial to note that the effects of stress on health behaviors and QoL may manifest on a shorter time scale (eg, daily within-person level). Moreover, given that stress spills over into romantic relationships, it is important to identify the role of spouses or partners (hereafter partners) in these survivors' health behaviors and QoL. This study aims to investigate associations between stress, health behaviors, and QoL at both within- and between-person levels during the transition to survivorship in young adult cancer survivors and their partners, to identify the extent to which young adult survivors' and their partners' stress facilitates or hinders their own and each other's health behaviors and QoL. We aim to enroll 150 young adults (aged 25-39 years at the time of cancer diagnosis) who have recently completed cancer treatment, along with their partners. We will conduct a prospective longitudinal study using a measurement burst design. Participants (ie, survivors and their partners) will complete a daily web-based survey for 7 consecutive days (a "burst") 9 times over 2 years, with the bursts spaced 3 months apart. Participants will self-report their stress, health behaviors, and QoL. Additionally, participants will be asked to wear an accelerometer to assess their physical activity and sleep during the burst period. Finally, dietary intake (24-hour diet recalls) will be assessed during each burst via telephone by research staff. Participant enrollment began in January 2022. Recruitment and data collection are expected to conclude by December 2024 and December 2026, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first study that determines the interdependence of health behaviors and QoL of young adult cancer survivors and their partners at both within- and between-person levels. This study is unique in its focus on the transition to cancer survivorship and its use of a measurement burst design. Results will guide the creation of a developmentally appropriate dyadic psychosocial or behavioral intervention that improves both young adult survivors' and their partners' health behaviors and QoL and potentially their physical health. DERR1-10.2196/53307.

A generalized seizure type: Myoclonic-to-tonic seizure

Background and purposeTo test the hypothesis that myoclonic seizures can evolve to tonic seizures, we documented the electroclinical features of this under-recognized seizure type. MethodsWe observed a distinct seizure pattern starting with myoclonus without returning to an interictal state, which subsequently evolved into generalized tonic seizures. The detailed symptomatic and electroencephalographic characteristics of this seizure were extracted, and the clinical manifestations, drug curative responses in patients with this seizure were reviewed and analyzed. ResultsThe onset of all seizures was characterized by a preceding period of myoclonus and bursts of generalized spike or poly-spike slow wave discharges with high amplitude. This was closely followed by the occurrence of tonic seizures, which were distinguished by bursts of generalized fast activity at 10 Hz or higher frequency. This under-recognized seizure type has been designated as myoclonic-to-tonic (MT) seizure. The number of patients identified with MT seizures in this study was 34. The prevalence rate of MT seizures was found to be higher in males. While MT seizures typically included a tonic component, it should be noted that some patients experiencing this seizure type never presented with isolated tonic seizures. Generalized Epilepsy not further defined (GE) accounted for approximately one-third of the diagnosed cases, followed by Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Epilepsy with Myoclonic-Atonic seizures. In comparison to other types of epilepsy, GE with MT seizures demonstrated a more favorable prognosis. ConclusionsThe classification of myoclonic-to-tonic seizure represents a novel approach in comprehending the ictogenesis of generalized seizures and can provide valuable assistance to clinicians in epilepsy diagnosis.

The investigation of laser beam interaction with aluminum/titanium overlap joint

In-situ analysis of dissimilar laser welding in overlap configuration, which finds the most frequent application in industry, attracts an increasing attention of the research community. In the present work, emission spectroscopy and high-speed imaging were used to investigate the vapor plume behavior during a Yb:YAG laser pulse on the overlap joint between pure titanium and aluminum alloy A5754. A 15 ms long laser pulse was applied to the overlap joints, where titanium and then A5754 were placed on the top. Correlation of the obtained results with post-mortem observation of the impact zones and with a finite-element model of the keyhole evolution was performed. The combination of these approaches facilitated the development of a comprehensive phenomenological timelines of the processes, along with an evaluation of the efficacy of the employed online methods to discern the involvement of the bottom material with the melted zone. The considered configurations showed very different behavior: with reflective A5754 placed on top, the use of high laser power produced an intense keyhole propagation in bottom titanium plate, inducing rapid mix between the elements, while with titanium on top, the use of lower laser power produced prolongated keyhole stagnation at the interface with reflective A5754. High-speed imaging showed very fluctuating behavior of the plume, where the involvement of the bottom material was traduced either by a drastic drop of thermal and atomic emission after the keyhole tip enters the bottom A5754 plate, or by strong periodic bursts of Ti-rich jet after the keyhole reaches the bottom titanium plate. The results of emission spectroscopy were found in adequation with the involvement of bottom material into the melted zone, however, they are affected by plume fluctuations and by the pollution of the top plate by volatile elements.

High-Precision Calorimetry-Based Analysis of Pupal-Pharate Adult Development in Drosophila melanogaster.

In holometabolous insects, the larval body is almost completely decomposed and reconstructed into the adult body during the pupal-pharate adult stages. Therefore, the total energetic cost of this process is a key thermodynamic quantity necessary for evaluating the benefit of their life history. Here, we measured whole-body thermal dissipation of single pupae of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, during the period from puparium formation to adult eclosion as a function of age, using a high-precision isothermal calorimeter at T = 298 K. The mass-specific energy consumption during the period from the onset of larval-pupal apolysis to adult eclosion was determined to be 2.3 kJ/g for an individual of mass (adult) = 1.0 mg, while it was observed to follow Kleiber's law for individuals smaller than mass (adult) = 1.0 mg. During the pupal-pharate adult period, in addition to the U-shaped variation, several characteristic thermal dissipations related to various events, including somatic muscle contractions, ecdyses, pulsatile hormone secretion in a pharate adult, and vaporization of the exuvial fluid, were observed. The periodic bursts in the pharate adult stage grew exponentially, suggesting that the positive feedback in the metabolic system synchronized with the progression of development, making the energy consumption in this stage more efficient. The present study showed that high-precision calorimetry is a powerful and credible method for measuring not only the total energy spent during development but also the energy spent during every specific developmental event in an organism.

Periodic bursting cycles on the edge to square duct turbulence

The long-time behaviour of trajectories embedded in the edge manifold between the laminar and turbulent basins of attraction is investigated in order to identify simple invariant solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations in straight ducts with square cross-section. With the aid of the iterative bisection procedure of Toh and Itano (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 481, 2003, pp. 67-76), we detect three travelling waves that represent attracting ‘edge states’ within the separatrix and saddles w.r.t. the full state space. All three travelling waves are presumably connected to solutions known in the community. In other situations, the edge states to which trajectories are attracted seem to be invariant periodic cycles that feature a rich dynamics: Along each cycle, the flow oscillates periodically between two flow states, in each of which streamwise vorticity is predominantly residing near one set of parallel walls, while the vortical activity associated to the other pair of opposing walls is markedly reduced. This ‘switching’ dynamics is accompanied by intermittent bursting-like high-dissipation excursions. While we cannot rigorously prove that the identified periodic cycle is a periodic orbit rather than a finite-precision approximation to a heteroclinic cycle, sound arguments for the former supposition are given. Interestingly, the different phases of the periodic cycle qualitatively resemble a similar ‘switching’ behaviour observed in (chaotic) marginal turbulence, which suggests that the found periodic cycles could help understanding the characteristic dynamics of duct turbulence at low Reynolds numbers.

Tiny clue reveals the general trend: a bibliometric and visualized analysis of renal microcirculation

Background Renal microcirculation plays a pivotal role in kidney function by maintaining structural and functional integrity, facilitating oxygen and nutrient delivery, and waste removal. However, a thorough bibliometric analysis in this area remains lacking. Therefore, we aim to provide valuable insights through a bibliometric analysis of renal microcirculation literature using the Web of Science database. Methods We collected renal microcirculation-related publications from the Web of Science database from January 01, 1990, to December 31, 2022. The co-authorship of authors, organizations, and countries/regions was analyzed with VOSviewer1.6.18. The co-occurrence of keywords and co-cited references were analyzed using CiteSpace6.1.R6 software to generate visualization maps. Additionally, burst detection was applied to keywords and cited references to forecast research hotspots and future trends. Results Our search yielded 7462 publications, with the American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology contributing the most articles. The United States, Mayo Clinic, and Lerman Lilach O emerged with the highest publication count, indicating their active collaborations. ‘Type 2 diabetes’ was the most significant keyword cluster, and ‘diabetic kidney disease’ was the largest cluster of cited references. ‘Cardiovascular outcome’ and ‘diabetic kidney diseases’ were identified as keywords in their burst period over the past three years. Conclusion Our bibliometric analysis illuminates the contours of nephrology and microcirculation research, revealing a landscape ripe for challenges and the seeds of future scientific innovation. While the trends discerned from the literature emerging opportunities in diagnostic innovation, renal microcirculation research, and precision medicine interventions, their translation to clinical practice is anticipated to be a deliberate process.

The Dynamics and Theoretical Analysis Underlying Periodic Bursting in the Nonsmooth Murali–Lakshmanan–Chua Circuit

Motivated by the study of multiple time scale system dynamics, we analyze the Murali–Lakshmanan–Chua (MLC) dissipative circuit exhibiting periodic bursting with different types of oscillations in this paper. Such patterns can be analyzed by treating the slow variable as a parameter of the nonsmooth fast subsystem. The discontinuous bifurcation structure of the subsystem can be described by the generalized differential of Clarke and the Jacobian matrix of the system. Bursting patterns as well as the oscillation mechanisms can be clarified by the discontinuous bifurcations, time series and phase portraits. For the chosen circuit parameter values, this designed circuit admits both MLC type bursting attractors and Duffing–van der Pol circuit type bursting attractors. It is found that not only the features combined with the circuit parameters of the system, but also the two switching boundaries may have an important impact on the origin of the bursting behaviors. In particular, the explicit analytic solutions of the proposed circuit are investigated in detail. We also show that the bursting can arise from either discontinuous saddle-node bifurcation or slow passage through a discontinuous Hopf bifurcation. Finally, the validity of the theoretical analysis has been well verified by the numerical simulations.

Research on online public opinion dissemination and emergency countermeasures of food safety in universities-take the rat head and duck neck incident in China as an example.

In recent years, food safety accidents have occurred frequently in colleges and universities, and students are prone to emotional resonance with food safety. It triggered heated discussions among the whole society and gradually formed a unique online public opinion on food safety in universities. After food safety incidents broke out in universities, some universities deliberately avoided responsibility or made mistakes in handling the incidents, which will create greater risks of online public opinion. Therefore, this paper takes the "Rat Head and Duck Neck" incident at Jiangxi Institute of Technology in China as an example. The purpose is to study the dissemination of public opinion on food safety online in universities and propose emergency countermeasures. Above all, the food safety online public opinion is divided into five stages: incubation period, burst period, spreading period, recurring period and dissipation period. Then, methods such as text mining and cluster analysis were used to deeply analyze the influencing factors at each stage of the development of food safety online public opinion. And analyze the role of different subjects in the development of public opinion based on the perspective of stakeholders. Finally, this paper provides corresponding countermeasures for different stages of online public opinion on food safety in universities, which provides suggestions and references for university governance. This study found that: (1) The resonance effect of online public opinion media on food safety in universities is significant. (2) Public opinion on food safety in universities is repetitive. (3) Improper response to food safety incidents in universities can easily trigger negative secondary public opinion.