Burnout Profiles Research Articles

The role of resilience in student-athletes' sport and school burnout and dropout: A longitudinal person-oriented study.

Although it has been shown that student-athletes who pursue upper secondary school alongside with an athletic career may be prone to sport and school burnout, the concrete life changes resulting from burning out, such as dropping out of sport or school, have not been investigated. Moreover, it is unknown why some student-athletes do not burnout. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether there are different kinds of profiles-based on the level and development of sport and school burnout symptoms across upper secondary school-that can be identified among student-athletes and how resilience and the likelihood of dropping out from sport or school differ between the profiles. The sample consisted of 491 (49% females) Finnish student-athletes who filled in questionnaires four times during the three years of upper secondary school. The data were analyzed by using growth mixture modeling. Three burnout profiles were identified: (a) Average profile, (b) Increased burnout profile, and (c) Non-risk profile. The profiles differed significantly in terms of student-athletes' resilience and the likelihood of dropping out, as those in the Increased burnout group symptoms were less resilient and more likely to dropout from sport than those in the other two groups. Furthermore, those in the Non-risk profile were more resilient than athletes in the other two groups. The results can be used in teaching student-athletes resilience-related skills which can prevent them from burning out and dropping out from sport and school.

Workplace burnout and health issues among Colombian correctional officers.

IntroductionCorrectional employees typically work under adverse conditions that may enhance the occurrence of different negative psychological states. Burnout constitutes a high-risk phenomenon that may affect people’s physical/mental health and welfare, especially in vulnerable occupational groups.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to characterize the burnout profile of correctional officers, and to associate their burnout profile with health issues and lifestyle factors.MethodsThe full sample was composed of 219 Colombian correctional officers with a mean age of 30.18 years. A questionnaire composed of three sections was employed: demographic data, burnout, and health information.ResultsA high proportion of participants reported burnout indicators, also significantly correlated to their health indicators and lifestyle factors. Cluster analyses were used in order to characterize the burnout/age (model A) and burnout/age/psychological disturbance (model B) profiles of correctional officers. Furthermore, significant differences were found when comparing frequencies of alcohol consumption and physical exercise (lifestyle indicators) and perceived social support of officers depending on their profile.Conclusionsthe discussion focused on the negative impact of burnout on health, and on the importance of strengthening occupational programs aimed at reducing the impact of hazardous working conditions that contribute to the development of burnout, and to the arise different mid and long-term health complains among correctional workers.

Demographic, personal, and situational variables associated with burnout in Singaporean coaches

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to investigate the demographic, personal, and situational variables that are associated with burnout in the Singaporean coaching population. One hundred and eleven coaches from the Singaporean National Registry of Coaches (NROC) completed a series of questionnaires assessing their demographics, burnout, perceived stress, coping style, workload, workaholism, trait anxiety, perfectionism, social support, leadership style, and turnover intention. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that a higher number of coaching hours predicted higher levels of emotional/physical exhaustion, while fewer years of coaching experience predicted higher levels of reduced sense of accomplishment. Cluster analysis split the sample into three groups according to their burnout profile. The results showed that the higher burnout groups used avoidant coping (resignation and withdrawal) more, had higher perceived stress, workload, trait anxiety, turnover intention, and used autocratic leadership more than the lower burnout groups.

Development of School and Sport Burnout in Adolescent Student-Athletes: A Longitudinal Mixed-Methods Study.

We investigated the development of school and sport burnout in adolescent student-athletes (N Time 1=391, N Time 2=373) during their first year in upper secondary school using an embedded mixed-methods design. The questionnaire-based data were analyzed with growth mixture modeling and four burnout profiles were identified among student-athletes. From the found burnout profiles, two were typical for the interviewed subsample of elite athletes (n=17), that is, burnout risk and non risk profiles. We generated rich descriptions of well-being and ill-being, showing that elite athletes in two burnout profiles differed in their experienced demands and resources related to individual and environmental factors. The results can be used to generate practical tools for burnout detection in student-athletes' educational path.

Quality of Life in the School Context: The Relationship between Teachers’ and Students’ Wellbeing

Abstract The aim of the study is to identify relationships between levels of burnout in a sample of Italian teachers in middle school and the quality of the classroom relational climate experienced from their students. Method: analysis identified three different teachers’ burnout profiles, defined as “Enthusiastic”, “Exhausted-Indifferent” and “Exhausted-Guilty”. ANOVA showed that were significant differences in the quality of classroom relational climate perceived by students. The Enthusiastic group was associated with better levels regarding the students’ perception about teachers support and, concerning student-peers relationship, better support and mutual respect.The results are consistent with literature that underlines how burned-out teachers experience more difficult and conflictive relationship with their students. Moreover, it emerges how deficiencies in relational experience could impact not only on the student-teacher relationship, but also on the quality of student-peer interactions.

Changes in the burnout profile of chairs of academic departments of obstetrics and gynecology over the past 15 years

While many studies have documented the high prevalence of burnout in practicing physicians and medical trainees, fewer reports describe burnout in academic leaders. In 2002, we observed a moderate-high to high level of burnout in 41.4% of chairs of academic departments of obstetrics and gynecology. The purpose of this study was to identify trends in burnout and associated factors in today's obstetrics and gynecology chairs as they face complex changes to the current health care environment. This was a cross-sectional study. A survey was developed based on the questionnaire used in our first investigation and sent electronically to all members of the Council of University Chairs of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Burnout was measured using an abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Sciences Survey. In addition to demographic data, we assessed perceived stressors, job satisfaction, spousal/partner support, self-efficacy, depression, suicidal ideation, and stress management. The response rate was 60% (84/139). Almost 30% of chairs were women, increased from 7.6% in 2002. Hospital and department budget deficits and loss of key faculty remain major stressors noted by participants. The Maslach Burnout Inventory results have changed dramatically over the past 15 years. Today's chairs demonstrated less burnout but with an "ineffective" profile. Subscale scores for emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were reduced but >50% reported low personal accomplishment. Spousal support remained important in preventing burnout. Chairs of academic departments of obstetrics and gynecology continue to face significant job-related stress. Burnout has decreased; however, personal accomplishment scores have also declined most likely due to administrative factors that are beyond the chairs' perceived control.

Performance based self-esteem and athlete-identity in athlete burnout: A person-centered approach

Performance-based self-esteem and a self-identity dominated by being an athlete have been associated with athlete burnout. Our aim is to extend previous research by adopting a person-centered approach and examining whether profiles of burnout can be identified based on the athletes’ identity and performance-based self-esteem. Swedish junior athletes completed measures of athlete burnout, athlete identity, and performance-based self-esteem. Latent profile analysis identified four groups: Low burnout profile (n = 131), Moderate burnout profile (n = 178), Moderately high burnout profile (n = 125) and High burnout profile (n = 37). Higher scores of athletic identity were significantly less likely to be in the high burnout profile and athletes with higher scores of performance-based self-esteem were significantly more likely to be in the high burnout profile compared to the other three burnout profiles. These findings suggest that athletes with a performance-based self-esteem might be at greater risk of experiencing burnout.

Indicators Of Burnout In College Athletes

PURPOSE: To describe the proportion of burnout levels in college athletes employing a psychological instrument and compare them by sport type and sex. METHODS: 236 college athletes from a high performance program (122 from individual sports and 124 from team sports and; 76 women and 160 men) were evaluated. Trained psychologists applied the Sport Burnout Inventory-Reviewed (IBD-R, in Spanish), conformed by 19 items that evaluate 3 Burnout dimensions in athletes: Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (D) and Reduced Personal Realization (RPR); finally, it brings to a Total Burnout Qualification, which let the evaluator know the burnout level in the evaluated subject. The results were classified in four categories: “Low risk” (≤50), “Moderated risk” (≥51 <60), “High risk” (≥61 <70) and “With burnout” (>70). The frequencies and proportions were counted and compared by sport type and sex. RESULTS: Team sports showed lower proportion of “Low risk” to suffer burnout in the RPR factor than individual sports (p=0.03). As well, a trend for higher proportion of “With burnout” in EE was observed for individual than team sports (p=0.06). Conversely, a trend for higher proportion of “Moderated risk” in RPR was observed for team than individual sports (p=0.06). On the other hand, statistically significant differences were found in three factors between females and males. Males showed higher prevalence of “Low risk” in EE compared to females (p=0.006), also females presented higher proportion of “Moderated risk” to suffer burnout in the EE indicator than males (p=0.02). In the D factor, males reported a higher proportion of “High risk” to suffer burnout than females (p=0.03) (Table 1). CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that both individual sports and female athletes presented higher proportions of risk to suffer burnout than team sports and male athletes, respectively. However, a deeper evaluation is suggested to confirm the data and make a Burnout profile in college athletes.Table 1: Proportion of burnout indicators by sport type and sex.

Examining burnout profiles in relation to health and well-being in the Veterans Health Administration employee population.

The goals of this paper were twofold: (a) To provide a population overview of burnout profiles by occupation in a large, health care sector employee population and (b) to investigate how burnout profiles relate to self-reported health behaviours, chronic conditions, and absenteeism. Burnout profiles were considered by 5 main occupational groups (physicians, nurses, other clinical, administrative, and wage grade [trade, craft, and labor workers]) in survey respondents (n=86,257 employees). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine how burnout profiles were associated with health controlling for gender, age, race, ethnicity, and occupational group. Employees in the "Frustrated/Burning Up" and "Withdrawing/Burned Out" profiles, respectively, had significantly increased odds of anxiety (OR=2.17; 99% CI [2.04, 2.31]; OR=2.21; 99% CI [2.05, 2.38]), depression (OR=2.06; 99% CI [1.93, 2.20]; OR=2.20; 99% CI [2.04, 2.38]), sleep disorders (OR=1.98; 99% CI [1.85, 2.12]; OR=1.97; 99% CI [1.81, 2.13]), low back disease (OR=1.60; 99% CI [1.50, 1.71]; OR=1.58; 99% CI [1.47, 1.70]), physical inactivity (OR=1.49; 99% CI [1.38, 1.60]; OR=1.68; 99% CI [1.54, 1.83]), and 5 or more days away from work (OR=1.74; 99% CI [1.65, 1.85]; OR=2.15; 99% CI [2.01, 2.30]). Burnout is related to the health of employees. Burnout profiles offer a way to assess patterns of burnout by occupational group and may help customize future interventions.

Highly engaged but burned out: intra-individual profiles in the US workforce

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to use the job demands-resources model to investigate intra-individual engagement-burnout profiles, and demands-resources profiles.Design/methodology/approachA representative sample of the US workforce was surveyed online. Latent profile analysis (LPA) and configural frequency analysis examined intra-individual profiles and their inter-relations.FindingsA negative inter-individual correlation between engagement and burnout suggested that burnout tends to be lower when engagement is high, but intra-individual analyses identified both aligned engagement-burnout profiles (high, moderate, and low on both variables), and discrepant profiles (high engagement – low burnout; high burnout – low engagement). High engagement and burnout co-occurred in 18.8 percent of workers. These workers reported strong mixed (positive and negative) emotions and intended to leave their organization. Another LPA identified three demands-resources profiles: low demands – low resources, but moderate self-efficacy, low workload and bureaucracy demands but moderate information processing demands – high resources, and high demands – high resources. Workers with high engagement – high burnout profiles often reported high demands – high resources profiles. In contrast, workers with high engagement – low burnout profiles often reported profiles of high resources, moderate information processing demands, and low other demands.Originality/valueThis study examined the intersection of intra-individual engagement-burnout profiles and demands-resources profiles. Previous studies examined only one of these sides or relied on inter-individual analyses. Interestingly, many employees appear to be optimally engaged while they are burned-out and considering to leave their jobs. Demands and resources facets were distinguished in the LPA, revealing that some demands were associated with resources and engagement.

Subtypes in clinical burnout patients enrolled in an employee rehabilitation program: differences in burnout profiles, depression, and recovery/resources-stress balance

BackgroundBurnout is generally perceived a unified disorder with homogeneous symptomatology across people (exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced professional efficacy). However, increasing evidence points to intra-individual patterns of burnout symptoms in non-clinical samples such as students, athletes, healthy, and burned-out employees. Different burnout subtypes might therefore exist. Yet, burnout subtypes based on burnout profiles have hardly been explored in clinical patients, and the samples investigated in previous studies were rather heterogeneous including patients with various physical, psychological, and social limitations, symptoms, and disabilities. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore burnout subtypes based on burnout profiles in clinically diagnosed burnout patients enrolled in an employee rehabilitation program, and to investigate whether the subtypes differ in depression, recovery/resources-stress balance, and sociodemographic characteristics.MethodsOne hundred three patients (66 women, 37 men) with a clinical burnout diagnosis, who were enrolled in a 5 week employee rehabilitation program in two specialized psychosomatic clinics in Austria, completed a series of questionnaires including the Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey (MBI-GS), the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Recovery-Stress-Questionnaire for Work. Cluster analyses with the three MBI-GS subscales as clustering variables were used to identify the burnout subtypes. Subsequent multivariate/univariate analysis of variance and Pearson chi-square tests were performed to investigate differences in depression, recovery/resources-stress balance, and sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsThree different burnout subtypes were discovered: the exhausted subtype, the exhausted/cynical subtype, and the burned-out subtype. The burned-out subtype and the exhausted/cynical subtype showed both more severe depression symptoms and a worse recovery/resources-stress balance than the exhausted subtype. Furthermore, the burned-out subtype was more depressed than the exhausted/cynical subtype, but no difference was observed between these two subtypes with regard to perceived stress, recovery, and resources. Sociodemographic characteristics were not associated with the subtypes.ConclusionsThe present study indicates that there are different subtypes in clinical burnout patients (exhausted, exhausted/cynical, and burned-out), which might represent patients at different developmental stages in the burnout cycle. Future studies need to replicate the current findings, investigate the stability of the symptom patterns, and examine the efficacy of rehabilitation interventions in different subtypes.

Teachers' Burnout Profile: Risk and Protective Factors

Background:Burnout syndrome represents a factual risk for school teachers during their career. Several factors have been analyzed as stress sources enabled to menace teachers’ general well-being; nevertheless, protective factors mostly related to their personal resources may differently characterize teachers’ profiles.Objectives:The current study aimed to define different teachers’ profiles based on their burnout levels and attitudes towards job (i.e., job satisfaction, self-efficacy, attitudes toward professional growth, collective efficacy, positive and negative emotions, and hedonic balance).attitudes towards jobMethods:Participants were 266 school teachers (F=69.1%) ranging from 26 to 65 years old (M=48.95; SD=8.31), with teaching experience ranged from 1 to 41 years (M=21.72; SD=10.36). Data were collected by three self-report questionnaires: Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, Attitudes towards job questionnaires, School Collective efficacy.Results:Cluster analysis approach showed two distinct teacher's profiles named at-risk and non at-risk teachers. Main differences were due to burnout levels, attitudes toward job and extra-mansions at work. No differences were found related to teachers' socio-demographic characteristics and their years of experience.Conclusions:The two teachers’ profiles resulting from the cluster analysis show several similarities, including collective efficacy and job satisfaction levels. Results are discussed in relation as to how teachers’ positive emotions towards their job can work as protective factors against the risk of burnout.

Study engagement and burnout profiles among Finnish higher education students

A person-oriented approach was applied to identify profiles of study engagement and burnout (i.e., exhaustion, cynicism, inadequacy) in higher education in a large and representative sample of 12,394 higher education students at different phases of their studies in universities and polytechnics in Finland. Four profiles were identified: Engaged (44%), engaged-exhausted (30%) inefficacious (19%) and burned-out (7%). The engaged students had the most positive engagement accompanied with the least burnout symptoms compared to other groups. The engaged-exhausted students experienced emotional exhaustion simultaneously with academic engagement. The inefficacious group had heightened experience of inadequacy as a student. The burned-out students showed very high cynicism and inadequacy and very low academic engagement compared to the other groups. Of these groups, the engaged students tended to be in the earlier stages in their studies, whereas the burned-out and inefficacious students had been studying the longest. The pattern suggests that students starting out with high engagement and that burnout becomes more common later in the academic career. Supporting demands-resources model, the covariates reflecting the demands were higher and those reflecting resources were lower among the burned-out and inefficacious students compared to the engaged students.

Empirically Derived Profiles of Teacher Stress, Burnout, Self-Efficacy, and Coping and Associated Student Outcomes

Understanding how teacher stress, burnout, coping, and self-efficacy are interrelated can inform preventive and intervention efforts to support teachers. In this study, we explored these constructs to determine their relation to student outcomes, including disruptive behaviors and academic achievement. Participants in this study were 121 teachers and 1,817 students in grades kindergarten to fourth from nine elementary schools in an urban Midwestern school district. Latent profile analysis was used to determine patterns of teacher adjustment in relation to stress, coping, efficacy, and burnout. These profiles were then linked to student behavioral and academic outcomes. Four profiles of teacher adjustment were identified. Three classes were characterized by high levels of stress and were distinguished by variations in coping and burnout ranging from (a) high coping/low burnout (60%) to (b) moderate coping and burnout (30%), to (c) low coping/high burnout (3%). The fourth class was distinguished by low stress, high coping, and low burnout. Only 7% of the sample fell into this Well-Adjusted class. Teachers in the high stress, high burnout, and low coping class were associated with the poorest student outcomes. Implications for supporting teachers to maximize student outcomes are discussed.

Interrelations between principals’ risk of burnout profiles and proactive self-regulation strategies

School leadership is a demanding job. Those involved in school leadership have shown to experience high levels of work stress that may, if prolonged, result in burnout. The purpose of this study was to examine school leaders’ risks of burnout in terms of work stress and burnout symptoms, and their relationship with proactive self-regulation strategies. The participants consisted of 420 school principals and teachers with leadership duties (henceforth: principals). The survey data consisted of Likert-type statements and were analysed by hierarchical and K-means cluster analysis, and one-way analysis of variances. The results suggested that principals experience relatively low levels of work stress and burnout, and utilise several proactive self-regulation strategies. On the basis of cluster analysis, four risk of burnout profiles were identified. The profiles differed from each other in terms of proactive self-regulation strategies. The use of these strategies was related to a reduced risk of burnout.

Effect of particle size on the burnout and emissions of particulate matter from the combustion of pulverized agricultural residues in a drop tube furnace

Milling and grinding biomass fuels for pulverized combustion in industrial furnaces can be very expensive. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the particle size on the burnout and emissions of particulate matter from the combustion of agricultural residues (wheat straw and rice husk) in a drop tube furnace. Initially, both agricultural residues were crushed and sieved below 1mm and the resulting particle size distributions formed one size class here named <1000μm. In addition to this wide size class, three narrow particle size classes were prepared for each residue; namely, size classes 100–200µm, 400–600µm and 800–1000µm. Subsequently, all size classes of both agricultural residues were burnt in a drop tube furnace at 1100°C. The data reported include profiles of temperature, particle burnout and particulate matter concentration and size distribution measured along the drop tube furnace. The main conclusions from this study are: (i) for both agricultural residues the size class 100–200µm presents the highest burnout values, followed by the size classes 400–600µm and 800–1000µm; (ii) the burnout values for the rice husk are higher than those for the wheat straw, and the total particulate matter emissions are rather similar for both agricultural residues, regardless of the size class; (iii) during the last stages of the combustion of the wheat straw occur particle fragmentation and the size classes 400–600µm and 800–1000µm are those that most contribute to this phenomenon, but particle fragmentation was not observed during the combustion of the rice husk; (iv) the wheat straw size classes 100–200µm, 400–600µm and <1000µm present a bimodal particulate matter size distribution, while the class size 800–1000µm presents a unimodal one, but the rice husk size classes show all a unimodal particulate matter size distribution.

Feeling Guilty or Not Guilty. Identifying Burnout Profiles among Italian Teachers

This study aimed at the assessment of psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI-Ita) in a sample of Italian teachers and the analysis of burnout profiles based on a model that includes four dimensions: Enthusiasm toward job, Psychological exhaustion, Indolence, and Guilt. A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 689 Italian teachers. Data analyses performed Multi-sample Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. Results confirmed the hypothesized four-factor structure and the discriminant role of Guilt in differentiating clusters. Results highlights the reliability of the SBI-Ita in the assessment of teachers’ burnout. Furthermore, results evidence for a new typology of burnout that differentiate guilty from non-guilty professionals.

School burnout and engagement profiles among digital natives in Finland: a person-oriented approach

Applying a person-oriented approach, this study set out to examine what profiles of school engagement and school burnout (i.e., exhaustion, cynicism, inadequacy) can be identified among elementary school children at age 12, a generation also often referred to as the generation of digital natives. We compared the group memberships in their use of socio-digital technologies and related functioning as we expected to find a gap between some digital natives and current educational practices which do not include socio-digital technology in feelings of cynicism towards school. Latent profile analysis identified five groups: Engaged (50%) students, who formed the majority; Stressed (4%) students, who reported high exhaustion and high inadequacy as a student; Students High in cynicism (burnout group) (5%) with high scores on all the components of school burnout, particularly cynicism, but also on exhaustion and inadequacy as a student; students Moderate in Cynicism (15%), whose cynicism was directed in particular towards studying and school; and, finally, students Emerging Cynicism (bored group) (26%), whose feelings of cynicism were nevertheless elevated. These results thus revealed that almost half (46%) of the elementary students felt some degree of cynicism towards school, thereby supporting our gap hypothesis: these groups of cynical students reported that they would be more engaged at school if socio-digital technologies were used at school. These results indicate that one way to promote the engagement of cynical students might be to offer them the possibility to make greater use of socio-digital technologies at school.

A person-oriented approach to sport and school burnout in adolescent student-athletes: The role of individual and parental expectations

ObjectivesThe present study aimed to examine what kind of burnout profiles exist among student-athletes based on their sport and school burnout symptoms. Moreover, it was investigated whether athletes' expectations of success in sport and school, on the one hand, and parental expectations, on the other hand, were predictors of the likelihood of the athlete to show a certain profile, after taking into account the effects of gender, grade point average, type of sport, and level of competition. Design and methodsThe participants were 391 student-athletes (51% females) from six different upper secondary sport schools in Finland, and 448 parents (58% mothers). The athletes filled in questionnaires about burnout and success expectations at the beginning of the first year of upper secondary school. At the same time point, parents were asked to answer a questionnaire on their success expectations for their child. Structural equation modeling and latent profile analysis were used to analyze the data. ResultsFour burnout profiles were identified: well-functioning, mild sport burnout, school burnout, and severe sport burnout. Athletes' and parents' expectations of success seemed to protect against burnout in the same domain, but this protection did not extend to the other domain. Moreover, high success expectations in one domain seemed to increase the risk for burnout in another domain. ConclusionsBurnout needs to be investigated within and across context in order to gain a holistic understanding of student-athletes' wellbeing.

Latent burnout profiles: A new approach to understanding the burnout experience

Latent profile analysis, with two large datasets, was used to identify multiple person-centered profiles across the burnout – engagement continuum, as assessed by the three dimensions of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Five profiles emerged from this analysis: Burnout (high on all three dimensions), Engagement (low on all three), Overextended (high on exhaustion only), Disengaged (high on cynicism only), and Ineffective (high on inefficacy only). Each of these profiles showed a different pattern of correlates with organizational variables. The Disengaged profile was more negative than Overextended, and closer to the Burnout profile, which argues against the use of exhaustion alone as a proxy for burnout. The results have important implications for theory, research, and interventions.