Burn injuries in patients with epilepsy: A narrative review.

Silver sulfadiazine-cerium nitrate burn wound foam dressing stabilizes eschar by reducing local inflammation and controlling burn wound infections.

Examining the association between social appearance anxiety and perceived social support in adolescents with butane explosion-induced burns.

Primary care utilization and attachment among burn survivors: A population-based matched cohort study.

Baicalin attenuates burn wound progression by suppressing PANoptosis in the zone of stasis.

Shedding of the proteoglycan syndecan-1 (SDC-1) from the vascular endothelial surface into the circulation in severe trauma predicts mortality in trauma patients. However, the timing and duration of SDC-1 elevation in trauma patients have not been defined. The primary aim of this study was to describe the longitudinal pattern of SDC-1 elevation in trauma patients with either mechanical and/or burn injury during the first 120 hours of resuscitation and initial stabilization. Our secondary objective was to determine the association of endotheliopathy, as defined by elevated SDC-1 levels, with trauma-induced coagulopathy (international normalized ratio [INR] ≥ 1.4). This prospective observational study enrolled adults meeting trauma activation criteria at 1 of 3 trauma centers. The blood was collected at presentation in the emergency department (time 0) and again at 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 72, 96, and 120 hours. SDC-1 was quantified by ELISA, and elevated levels were defined as ≥40 ng/mL. The primary outcome of coagulopathy was defined as a clinical laboratory report of INR ≥ 1.4 during this timeframe. We determined the association between elevated SDC-1 and coagulopathy using logistic regression and adjusted for age, sex, burn status, and injury severity. We studied 301 severely injured individuals, including those with mechanical and burn injuries. Among these individuals, 96 (31.9%) had coagulopathy, 122 (40.5%) required transfusions, and 42 (14%) died. SDC-1 plasma levels were significantly greater in subjects with coagulopathy relative to noncoagulopathic patients. Plasma levels of SDC-1 ≥ 40 ng/mL conferred significantly increased odds of presenting with INR ≥ 1.4, with an adjusted odds ratio of 17.88 (95% CI, 5.14-62.24), P < .05. High SDC-1 levels (≥40 ng/mL) were most often evident at the initial blood draw and tended to remain elevated. Plasma SDC-1 peaks early and remains elevated across time in most individuals with mechanical and/or burn injury. Individuals with elevated SDC-1 levels have an increased risk of coagulopathy independent of injury severity.

The relationship between social participation and health-related quality of life two years after burn injury: A Burn Model System national database study.

Mesenchymal stromal cells and their derivatives: A regenerative frontier in burn wound healing.

Healing mechanism of PSO on deep second-degree burn wounds in a porcine model.

A trolamine-enabled shape-morphing poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel with adaptive adhesion and therapeutic function for burn wound healing.

Variations in outcomes following burn injury and admission to an Australian or New Zealand intensive care unit: A retrospective data linkage cohort study.

The influence of burn injury timing on survival in patients with severe burns.

Cold atmospheric plasma in burn treatment: A review of experimental evidence and future clinical translatability.

Oral Pleurotus ostreatus supplementation modulates systemic inflammation and enhances collagen density in a full-thickness burn rat model.

The burden and characteristics of burn injuries associated with electronic nicotine delivery systems: A systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis.

Ten Year Review of Wound Culture Results and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in a Burn Center.

Response to antihistamines in post-burn pruritus is associated with gut microbiota composition and function: A prospective cohort study with a nested case-control analysis.

Burn injuries cause physiological changes that alter enoxaparin pharmacokinetics, often leading to inadequate exposure and suboptimal venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis. Current weight-based dosing and anti-Xa monitoring provide limited guidance for dose optimization across burn severities. This study develops a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of enoxaparin across burn phases to evaluate target attainment under standard dosing while accounting for burn severity, augmented renal clearance (ARC), and body weight, and to propose individualized dosing strategies to improve VTE prophylaxis. Real-world data of 1288 anti-Xa concentrations were collected from 408 burn patients receiving subcutaneous enoxaparin. A PBPK model was developed in healthy adults and extrapolated to burn patients by incorporating burn-specific changes, including reduced absorption and decreased antithrombin levels. This validated PBPK model for burn patients was used to simulate dosing regimens across burn severities and ARC, with model performance assessed using average fold error (AFE) and absolute average fold error (AAFE). Sub-therapeutic drug exposure was most prominent from 0 to 96 h post burn across all severities. In obese patients, dose escalation from 40 to 60 mg reduced subtherapeutic exposure from 27.3% to 16.9%. Although trough anti-Xa concentrations increased with higher doses, levels remained lower in patients with ARC compared to those with normal renal clearance (NRC), indicating the need for dose adjustment in ARC. Standard enoxaparin dosing is frequently inadequate in burn patients, particularly early after injury and in those with ARC. PBPK-informed precision dosing can improve VTE prophylaxis beyond weight-based dosing with anti-Xa monitoring alone.

While the early metabolic hallmarks of major burns are well established, less clear are the potential long-term metabolic consequences, including any future risk of dysregulated glucose metabolism. To address this, a real-world database of ∼125 million patients (TriNetX) was examined. Adult patients treated for large burns (≥30% total body surface area) or routine immunization (control comparator), with no prior diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, were identified. The two groups were propensity-score matched, resulting in a final pool of 5139 patients per group, balanced for age (40.6 ± 18.3 years), sex (69.7% male), race, and ethnicity (all P = 1.00). Using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the incidence of diabetes diagnosis in the 15-year period following the index event (burn or routine immunization) was determined. The estimated 15-year cumulative incidence of a diabetes diagnosis was 16.5% and 12.2% in the burn and comparator groups, respectively (log rank test: P = 0.0003), indicating that burn injury is significantly associated with an increased risk of diabetes within the 15-year post-burn period. Notably, both groups displayed equivalent degrees of adiposity, with the burn and comparator groups having an average BMI of 28.5 ± 6.6 and 28.4 ± 6.8 kg.m-2, respectively (P = 0.77). In summary, our data suggest that following major burns, patients remain at a heightened risk for the development of diabetes for several years.

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) pose mechanical risks including device explosions and thermal burns due to lithium-ion battery failures. This study analyzed recent trends in ENDS explosion injuries using national surveillance data. We analyzed 2020-2024 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) data from emergency departments across the United States to identify emergency department visits for ENDS battery-related explosion and burn injuries. Cases were identified through systematic text mining of narrative fields using keywords related to e-cigarettes and explosion/combustion. Weighted national estimates were calculated using the NEISS sampling methodology. Between 2020 and 2024, an estimated 2043 emergency department visits (95% CI: 1326, 2760) were attributed to ENDS battery-related explosion/burn injuries based on 52 unweighted cases. Most patients were adults ages 18-44years (72.7%) and male (80.7%). Lower extremity injuries were most common (54.1%), followed by upper extremity injuries (31.0%). More than one-quarter of cases (26.3%) required hospital admission, with an additional 3.9% transferred to other facilities. ENDS battery-related explosion injuries remain an uncommon but serious source of morbidity, with over 25% of cases requiring hospitalization. These findings emphasize the need for continued surveillance and stronger regulatory standards for ENDS to avert serious, preventable injuries among users.