Bureaucratic Culture Research Articles

REFORMASI SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA: KONSEP DAN STRATEGI PERUBAHAN UNTUK INDONESIA MAJU

Administrative reform in the developing countries becomes a necessity and focus of governments. The term administrative reform contains meanings, varied in functions, but also brings debate that has never been completed among practitioners, societies and theorists. Administrative reform aims to improve the performance of individuals, groups and institutions. One of the administrative reform agendas is to improve the salary of state apparatuses. However, the government does not have yet any payroll regulation of state apparatuses that relate their workload and proper reward. Consequently, its long-term impact is to bring down the spirit, work ethic and work discipline among the state apparatuses which are supposed to have high productivity and discipline. This article aims to explain the concept of administration reform from the perspective of human resources, as well as the change strategy for the development of Indonesia. It applied major theories of administrative reform and bureaucracy as well as human resource management. The method used is qualitative descriptive, with researchers as a tool based on literature studies. The results of this study show that administrative reform in the context of bureaucracy reform is not a new issue. Many ministries and institutions have implemented administrative reform, but not yet optimally gave positive results. The implications of this study is that bureaucracy reform should involve stakeholders in formulating performance indicators as well as the institutionalization of values and bureaucratic culture oriented towards the public interest.

Significant in Isolation: Sri Lanka’s Right to Information Regime in Enactment and Operation

ABSTRACTOver 2015 and 2016, Sri Lanka enacted a comprehensive right to information (RTI) regime by constitutionally recognising the RTI and passing enabling legislation. Taking into account the context of the country’s political and bureaucratic culture, its history of RTI jurisprudence and repeated legislative attempts and the particularities of the enacted provisions themselves, this article argues that the RTI regime represents a significant constitutional advance in Sri Lanka. The regime’s operationalisation has unearthed a number of operational difficulties as well as promising advances, underscoring both the challenges and the potentials of effectively providing for the RTI. As one of the few governance reforms enacted by the national unity government, however, the RTI regime’s lone operation within a deficient and unreformed architecture of transparency and accountability places a particular and heavy burden on it, one which may also adversely impact its future sustainability.

Implementation of the Integrity Zone Development Program towards a Corruption-Free Area and a Serving Clean Bureaucracy Region

Government bureaucracy is an institution responsible for carrying out the functions of public services, community empowerment to the development of a country, so its presence is very crucial in supporting the state administration system. In reality, government bureaucracy has quite complicated issues, namely the widespread acts of corruption and public services that have not been maximized. Therefore, the Central Government's attempts to address current issues through Ministry of Empowerment of State Apparatus and Bureaucracy Reform to resolve existing problems are implementing an integrity zone development program, both at the central and regional levels. The program aims to create a corruption-free government bureaucracy and enhance the quality of public services. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Methods for collecting data are through observation, interviews, and documentation. The theory used in this study is the Edwards III model's policy implementation theory, which consists of communication factors, implementing factors, human resource factors, and bureaucratic structure factors. The results of the study found that the Program had been implemented in the Malang Regional Tax Service Agency. The obstacles encountered are in the bureaucratic culture, human resources and public service systems that apply. The researchers' suggestion is that there must be further innovation and periodic supervision of agencies so that the implementation of the program has good results in implementing of bureaucratic reform, especially in Malang City.

Strategy Analysis of Financing Management Quality toward Performance Improvement of Islamic Higher Education in Lampung

The purpose of this study was to determine the formulation of strategies for improving the quality of management performance at Islamic Higher Education in Lampung, knowing the planning process and implementation of strategies carried out by Islamic Higher Education in Lampung, knowing leadership and management behavior in meeting the expectations of Islamic University Stakeholders in Lampung and knowing the suitability of the quality of the management performance of the preferences of the Management Stakeholders and Staff of Islamic Universities in Lampung. Data collection techniques in this study used a questionnaire and data analysis techniques with a qualitative approach. The results showed that the two Universities in Lampung in the formulation of strategies for improving the quality of performance have not been systematic, changes in the strategic environment have not been followed by proactive steps; the process of implementing the strategy has not been carried out maximally in the allocation of available resources; based on strategic management, the two institutions are still influenced by bureaucratic culture and low adjustments to change; Islamic tertiary institutions in Lampung have negative or maximum gaps in the role of leadership.

Implementation of the Integrity Zone Development Program towards a Corruption-Free Area and a Serving Clean Bureaucracy Region

Government bureaucracy is an institution responsible for carrying out the functions of public services, community empowerment to the development of a country, so its presence is very crucial in supporting the state administration system. In reality, government bureaucracy has quite complicated issues, namely the widespread acts of corruption and public services that have not been maximized. Therefore, the Central Government's attempts to address current issues through Ministry of Empowerment of State Apparatus and Bureaucracy Reform to resolve existing problems are implementing an integrity zone development program, both at the central and regional levels. The program aims to create a corruption-free government bureaucracy and enhance the quality of public services. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Methods for collecting data are through observation, interviews, and documentation. The theory used in this study is the Edwards III model's policy implementation theory, which consists of communication factors, implementing factors, human resource factors, and bureaucratic structure factors. The results of the study found that the Program had been implemented in the Malang Regional Tax Service Agency. The obstacles encountered are in the bureaucratic culture, human resources and public service systems that apply. The researchers' suggestion is that there must be further innovation and periodic supervision of agencies so that the implementation of the program has good results in implementing of bureaucratic reform, especially in Malang City.

The Relationship Between the Cultural Structure of Schools and the Political Behaviors of Teachers

This study aimed to determine the relationship between the cultural structure of schools and the political behaviors that teachers exhibit within the school. The study group of this study that employed a relational screening model consisted of 489 teachers working in pre-school, elementary, and middle schools in Tokat city center in 2019. The data were collected using the School Culture Scale developed by Terzi (2005) and the Political Behaviors Scale developed by İslamoğlu and Börü (2007). The study found that teachers mostly perceived the cultural structure of their school with duty culture, which was followed by support culture and success culture. According to the perceptions of teachers, the least perceived culture in their school was the bureaucratic culture. The study concluded that as the level of teachers’ perception of support, success and duty culture in their schools increased, their level of exhibiting all political behaviors including those in horizontal and vertical hierarchy decreased, whereas the bureaucratic culture that they perceived in their school increased the horizontal, vertical, and all political behaviors.

Accountants, Europeanists and Monetary Guardians: bureaucratic cultures and conflicts in IMF-EU lending programs

When the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund provided financial assistance to crisis-ridden European countries, they frequently clashed over loan conditions related to financial stability, fiscal policy and structural adjustment. This is puzzling given that the three organizations shared a general understanding of how to resolve the crisis, its causes and the need for austerity and were supervised by the same major stakeholders. We argue that these conflicting approaches to financial assistance are the result of distinct bureaucratic cultures. Drawing on empirical evidence from the loan programs to Ireland and Greece we show that preferences voiced by Troika institutions were consistent across countries and reflected coherent approaches to credit lending. The Fund played the role of an ‘Accountant’, seeking to ensure that ‘the numbers add up’ so that its loans are repaid on schedule. The Commission acted as an ‘Europeanist’, interpreting the compatibility of conditions with European rules and treaties as a way to regain competitiveness. The European Central Bank, as the ‘Monetary Guardian’ of the Troika, focused on securing financial and monetary stability for the Eurozone as a whole.

English

The purpose of this study was to identifying the effects of organizational culture on turnover intention with mediated role of satisfaction. Data were gathered by closed ended questionnaires distributed to five OFWELs in Oromia. The scales used were the organizational culture index, job satisfaction survey, and the turnover intention questionnaire. The collected data was statistically analyzed by SPSS 20 and AMOS 21. The data were collected using a questionnaire. Three hundred and fifteen (315) questionnaires were distributed and analyzed by using Structural Equation Model (SEM). To validate interdependence relationships between each variable, confirmatory factor analysis by using structural equation modeling (SEM) has been employed. Some of the results were as expected after theory examination, but others were surprisingly contradictive. Bureaucratic culture was significant with direct relationship with turnover intention. Based on the results, it is recommended that supportive culture could be practiced in OFWEs to gain satisfied and committed employees.   Key words: Job satisfaction, organizational culture, turnover intention, Oromia Forest and Wild Life Enterprise.

Investigation of Organizational Cultures of People Working in Sports Facilities in terms of Job Satisfaction and Demographic Characteristics

In this research, it is aimed to determine the level that the organizational cultures of the employees working in sport facilities are explained by their job satisfaction and demographic characteristics. 162 employees participated in the research carried out in the relational screening model. The data of the study was collected through "Organizational Culture Scale" and "Job Satisfaction Scale". Hierarchical regression analysis was performed in the analysis of the data. As a result of the analysis, the innovative, bureaucratic and community cultures of the employees were determined to be meaningfully predicted only by job satisfaction. Besides, while the competitor cultures of the employees were significantly explained by job satisfaction, seniority, marital status and gender variables; their organizational cultures were found to be significantly explained by job satisfaction, seniority and marital status variables.

MODEL PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PEMBENTUKAN PERATURAN DAERAH MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 23 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG PEMERINTAHAN DAERAH

Abstract : This research aims to find out and explain juridical issues about the model used in the formation of regional laws based on Law Number 23 of 2014 and the inhibiting factors of public participation. The ideal alternative model for the preparation of future Regional Regulations. The research method is in the form of normative legal research (legal research) which originates from primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. Statute approach dan conceptual approach. In this study using descriptivequalitative analysis. Research comes to the conclusion that the 2014 Law Number 23 Year has guaranteed the space for public participation, but the participation model has not been comprehensively regulated. There are various factors inhibiting public participation, such as the political will of policy makers (DPRD and Regional Government), and the attitudes of the public and the media. Finally, a low regulatory factor and a bureaucratic culture that does not provide sufficient space for public participation in the formation of regional regulations. In the future there must be ideal participation models in regional regulations that are clearly regulated in formal regulations, including: First, the public must be actively involved in every stage of the formation of regional regulations. Second, establish permanent cooperation with the formation of regional regulations (DPRD and local government) in providing input on material that will be regulated in the regulations.

Diplomacy and the Appointment of officials in Late Qing China: He Ruzhang and Japan’s Annexation Of Ryukyu

The Ryukyu Kingdom was annexed by Meiji Japan in late 1879. Past scholarly works have focused on Li Hongzhang and the Zongli Yamen, the stewards of affairs relating to foreigners, in examining the Qing court’s responses to Japan’s annexation of its tributary state. By incorporating the latest arguments of Western and especially Chinese scholarship, this article investigates the attempts by He Ruzhang, China’s first minister to Japan, to reestablish Ryukyu’s tributary relationship with China and maintain Ryukyu’s independence. It reassesses the Ryukyu issue by contextualizing it in late Qing bureaucratic culture and institutional innovations. Although the Qing state’s system of appointments enabled He Ruzhang to serve as minister to Japan, factionalism, political rivalry, and a lack of coordination among the new institutions and personnel tasked to manage foreign affairs ultimately frustrated his attempts as a traditional scholar-official to uphold the Chinese tributary system.

Bureaucratic culture, empowering leadership, affective commitment, and knowledge sharing behavior in Indonesian government public services

This paper aims to clarify the relationship among bureaucratic culture, empowering leadership, knowledge sharing behavior and affective commitment in the Indonesian public sector organizations. A t...

Influence of Organizational Culture on the Job Motivations of Lifelong Learning Center Teachers

Aim/Purpose: The aim of the research was to examine the relationship between the sub-dimensions of organizational culture perceptions, such as task culture, success culture, support culture, and bureaucratic culture and job motivations of ISMEK Lifelong Learning Center teachers. Background: It is thought that if teachers’ perceptions of organizational culture and levels of job motivation are assessed and the effects of school culture on the motivation level of teachers investigated, solutions to identified problems can be developed. Methodology: The study was conducted using survey research. The sample population consisted of 354 teachers working for the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality’s Lifelong Learning Center (ISMEK). The personal information form prepared by the researchers, the School Culture Scale developed by Terzi (2005) and the Job Motivation Scale developed by Aksoy (2006) were administered to the teachers. Contribution: This study will contribute to research on the job motivations of teachers involved in adult education. Findings: The findings indicated that task culture differs according to gender. Teachers report high levels of job motivation, but job motivation varies with gender, education level, and number of years working at the ISMEK Lifelong Learning Center. A significant relationship was found between sub-dimensions of organizational culture and job motivation. Organizational culture explains more than half of the change in job motivation. The sub-dimensions of organizational culture, task culture, achievement culture, and support culture were found to be significantly predictive of job motivation. Recommendations for Practitioners: In order to increase motivation of teachers, a success-oriented structure should be formed within the organization. It is necessary for teachers and managers to support each other and to establish a support culture in their institutions. In order to establish a culture of support, managers need to receive in-service training. Recommendation for Researchers: This study was carried out in the ISMEK Lifelong Learning Center and similar studies can be done in classrooms, training centers, and study centers. Impact on Society: Teachers working in adult education should be afforded a more comfortable working environment that will positively impact job motivation, resulting in a higher quality of education for students. Therefore, this research may contribute to an increase in the number of students who engage in lifelong learning opportunities. Future Research: This qualitative study utilized a relational survey model. A more in-depth qualitative study employing observation and interviews is warranted.

The phenomenon of bureaucratic culture: theoretical analysis and challenges in the conditions of formation of modern socially oriented culture of public administration in Ukraine

The phenomenon of bureaucratic culture: theoretical analysis and challenges in the conditions of formation of modern socially oriented culture of public administration in Ukraine

The Paper Shredder: Trails of Law

If the modern office produces and is managed through written documents or files, as Max Weber famously argued in his work on bureaucracy, then so too does the office – and increasingly the private citizen – destroy them. Enter the lowly paper shredder, a machine that proliferates waste and serves as the repository of carefully guarded secrets and confidential records, even as it is designed to eliminate the dregs of bureaucratic culture. Until recently, in the United States as elsewhere, paper was the medium of official state law. The 20th-century rise of the paper shredder and its paper trail, as we shall see, thus reveals the material, cultural and economic entanglement of written law with destruction and consumption, security, and privacy, not only in the U.S., it turns out, but worldwide. The trail leads from formal recognition of the paper shredder in a 1909 U.S. patent to its actual manufacture and development as a business machine in Germany twenty-five or so years later, from the shredder’s role in defining political moments to its appearance in cartoons that confuse it with fax machines or legal counsel, and from regulations governing the disposition of records to industrywide ‘certificates of destruction’ that ensure against the dangers of snoopy dumpster divers.

Searching for Humanitarian Discretion in Immigration Enforcement: Reflections on a Year as an Immigration Attorney in the Trump Era

This Article describes one of the most striking features of the Trump Administration’s immigration policy: the shift in the way discretion operates in the legal immigration system. Unlike other high-profile immigration policies that have been the focus of class action lawsuits and public outcry, the changes to the role of discretion have attracted little attention, in part because they are implemented through low-visibility individualized decisions that are difficult to identify, let alone challenge systemically. After providing historical context regarding the role of discretion in the immigration system before the Trump Administration, I offer four case studies from my immigration practice in Arizona that illustrate discretion’s new role. The cases highlight three key trends that result from the way discretion currently operates in the immigration system: (1) the ever-widening enforcement net; (2) the emboldening of front-line bureaucrats; and (3) the changing bureaucratic culture within United States Citizenship and Immigration Services, an agency that previously had seen its mission as one of integration, but has now shifted to an aggressive enforcement orientation. I close with a final section reflecting on the important role that individual direct representation can play in fighting against the current enforcement regime.

A holistic view on implementing hospital autonomy reforms in developing countries: a systematic review.

The excessive use of resources, inefficiency and poor service quality in public hospitals has led developing countries to create reforms in public hospital governance, including autonomization. Hospital autonomy refers to the delegation of administrative rights to the hospital management team. The purpose of the present research is to review different aspects of hospital autonomy reforms in developing countries, such as incentives, preparations, obstacles and facilitators to change prior to implementation, impacts on achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC) goals, challenges, outcomes and implications for implementation. A systematic review of the evidence from developing countries was performed. The results showed that these countries have undertaken autonomy reforms in order to improve the efficiency, quality and accountability of their hospitals. Also, studies emphasized the role of the World Bank in facilitation and guidance, and identified bureaucratic culture and political instability as barriers to change for the implementation of hospital autonomy reform. Preparations were limited to two key areas, i.e. ensuring access to healthcare services and ensuring the implementation of these reforms. The main challenges were lack of infrastructure, poor planning and policymaking, poor programme control, limited decision rights, inappropriate incentives and weaknesses in the accountability system. The results indicated that these reforms had no discernible effect on quality, efficiency and other management indicators, while leading to an increase in hospital costs and out-of-pocket payments. Also, implementing these reforms affected the progress toward achieving UHC. Overall, the results showed that there are two factors in failed implementation of these hospital reforms in developing countries: (1) lack of a systematic and holistic view, and (2) incomplete or poor implementation of different aspects of these reforms.

“Six mois à Hanoi”: Marcel Cadieux, Canada, and the International Commission for Supervision and Control in Vietnam, 1954–5

Drawing on an unpublished memoir by Marcel Cadieux entitled “Six mois à Hanoi,” this article offers the first biographical study of a Canadian diplomat to serve on the International Commission for Supervision and Control in Vietnam. It argues that Cadieux's pioneering experience on that commission during its first months in 1954–5 shaped his pro-American views on the Vietnam War as under-secretary of state for external affairs between 1964 and 1970. It also uses Cadieux's tenure in Hanoi as a lens through which to explore larger issues of both long-standing and more recent interest to Canadian international historians, including the bureaucratic culture of the Department of External Affairs, Canadian diplomacy's relationship with the decolonizing countries of the Third World, and the role of race, culture, religion, and anti-communism in the making of Canadian foreign policy.

Chronic long-term risk of low-level radiation exposure: Bridging the lay/expert divide

ABSTRACTThe failure of experts and lay people to understand each other has been fueling conflict around the environmental clean-up of the many sites in the United States that are contaminated by the nuclear weapons program. This mutual distrust was exacerbated by the culture of secrecy surrounding the atomic weapons program during World War II, and later by the innate culture of bureaucracy in the federal agencies that have sprung up since then. A prime example of this problem can be found in the regulation of chronic long-term risk from low-level radiation exposure affecting communities in Missouri’s North St. Louis County. This case study illuminates this divide, and illustrates opportunities to close it.

Chinese leadership: Provincial perspectives on promotion and performance

This article addresses whether the promotion of China’s provincial leadership can be explained through economic growth or alternative factors (experience, education or having previously held a central government post). We use promotion definitions, based on official administrative rankings and a more accurate reflection of political-governmental power relationships, and five econometric models. Analysis is also located within specific scholarship about promotion in the Chinese bureaucracy, bureaucratic cultures and transitions from socialism. Findings suggested some support for the idea that economic growth records affected promotion in terms of the second definition and additional evidence to imply impacts from non-economic factors.