Bulk-driven Current Mirror Research Articles

CCII+ Cell Based Instrumentation Amplifier Using BD-CM Gain Enhanced OTA

This paper presents the design of an instrumentation amplifier (IA) using second generation positive current conveyor which uses gain enhanced, bulk-driven, balanced current mirror, operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) cascaded with two CMOS inverters. First of all, a CMOS, bulk-driven current mirror OTA is designed and simulated in 180nm technology. For its performance enhancement, besides the current mirror topology, this OTA utilized the current starving technique which apply partial positive feedback (PPF) in active load side of OTA. Secondly, the conversion of this bulk-driven OTA into CCII plus cell is performed using inverters to yield its X and Z nodes. Finally, this CCII plus cell is used to design the IA. The gain of IA in differential input and single ended output configuration can be varied in the range of 10dB to 75dB. The various performance parameters of IA are simulated using Tanner EDA tool of 16.1 version in standard n-tub 180nm CMOS process technology node.

A low-voltage gain boosting-based current mirror with high input/output dynamic range

This paper presents a bulk-driven current mirror circuit based on the gain-boosting technique to achieve high input/output dynamic range and high output resistance. The bulk-driven based diode-connected transistor at the input removes the threshold voltage limitation to provide low headroom voltage on the basic transistors. In addition, the auxiliary circuit used in the first gain-boosting structure is a current mode amplifier that is driven by draining current from the main circuit to remove threshold voltage limitation on the input/output swing. In order to achieve higher output resistance, the second gain-boosting structure includes a voltage mode amplifier without creating any limitation on the output swing. Simulation results in a 0.18 ​μm CMOS technology show a maximum output voltage swing of 0.9 ​V under a 1 ​V supply, while the input and output resistances are 68.3 ​Ω and 10.5 ​GΩ, respectively. The current transfer error also changes between −0.085% and +0.075% for an input current range of 1000 ​μA.

1V Differential Input Stage with Bulk-Driven Current Mirror for Low-Voltage Operational Amplifier

Objectives: This paper presents the design and analysis of differential input stage to design low voltage operational amplifier, where bulk-driven MOSFETs are incorporated in the current mirror. Methods/Analysis: To be possible to operate circuit at lower supply voltage, body-driven transistors are used to design current mirror. Circuit is designed using 180nm (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) CMOS n-well technology and BSIM 3v3 Specter models are used to analyze the design. Performance parameters are validated by simulations. Findings: The amplifier shows DC openloop gain of 44 dB. The Unity Gain Bandwidth (UGB) is 3.3 MHz with a phase margin of 87.8°. The amplifier exhibits Common-Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) of 62 dB. The input referred spot noise voltage at 1KHz is 42.46nV/√Hz. These results are obtained with a supply voltage of 1V. Average power consumption of the amplifier is 36.36 μW under 10 pF load condition, which makes it suitable for low voltage and low power applications. Improvement: Gain can be further improved by employing cascode current mirror in the presented amplifier as it will increase output impedance. Keywords: Analog and Mixed-signal system, Bulk-driven Current Mirror, Differential Input Stage, Low-voltage Operational Amplifier, CMOS

A Low Dropout Voltage Regulated Bulk-driven CMOS Current Mirror

Novel bulk-driven current mirror (CM) and bulk-driven cascode CM are presented in this paper. Bulk-driven technique is employed to overcome a threshold voltage limitation. Proposed circuits operate at 1V power supply. By using a negative feedback, high accuracy input and output transfer characteristic over wide current range is achieved. The proposed circuits are simulated using a 0.18μm CMOS technology. The headroom voltage is 0.11V for the proposed bulk driven CM and 0.16V for the proposed bulk driven cascode CM.

A two-stage rail-to-rail current mirror OTA for ultra-low-power applications

ABSTRACTIn this letter, an ultra-low-power, ultra-low-voltage operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) with full rail-to-rail input/output swing is presented. The proposed two-stage OTA is based on the bulk-driven current mirror (CM) amplifier topology with Gm-C frequency compensation technique. In addition, a transconductance boosting technique is used to enhance performance of the CM input stage structure. Simulation results in 0.18-μm metal-oxide semiconductor technology show the proposed OTA achieves a 85.8-dB DC gain and a gain bandwidth of 21.9 kHz while driving a 15-pF load. The amplifier consumes 292 nW @ 0.5 V, which makes it suitable for low-power applications.

Low‐voltage bulk‐driven self‐biased cascode current mirror with bandwidth enhancement

A low-voltage, high-performance, self-biased, cascode bulk-driven current mirror is proposed. Using the bulk-driven technique together with quasi-floating gate metal-oxide semiconductor transistors improves the overall circuit performance. A small-signal analysis validates the advantage of such an approach over conventional bulk-driven circuits. The proposed circuit has four times smaller input resistance and extended bandwidth by about three times over the same configuration using the conventional bulk mechanism. The circuit is simulated on UMC 0.18 μm technology node with the help of HSpice.

Low voltage built-in current sensor

A low voltage built-in current sensor (BICS) for IDDQ testing based on the bulk-driven current mirror technique is proposed. This design has a small overhead in terms of area and needs only one external power supply. Different current resolution requirements can be met by adjusting the aspect ratio of the transistors in the design. HSPICE simulation results show that high error detection speed and small performance impact on the original circuit are also achieved.