Analysis Of Building Systems Research Articles

Advanced co-simulation framework for assessing the interplay between occupant behaviors and demand flexibility in commercial buildings

With buildings contributing significantly to electricity usage, enabling demand flexibility becomes a challenge, especially when accounting for occupant comfort. This study introduces an innovative co-simulation framework integrating multiple models: heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, building zone load, indoor airflow, supervisory control, and occupant comfort and behavior. Uniquely, this framework allows for a comprehensive and dynamic analysis of building systems and occupant interactions in demand response events. Using this framework, we conducted a case study using a typical small office building model. Specifically, we focused on three areas: (1) the impact of indoor airflow modeling on energy use, occupant comfort, and behaviors forecasting, (2) the impact of occupant behaviors on demand flexibility, and (3) occupant comfort and behaviors under demand response events. Key performance indicators such as energy use, flexibility factor, durations of occupant discomfort and occupant behaviors were analyzed. Our findings indicated variations in energy usage and occupant comfort within demand flexibility events, marked by uncertainty boundaries, with variability in demand shedding up to 57.9%. We concluded that this framework is suitable for analyzing typical commercial buildings and their HVAC systems in terms of demand flexibility potential under the impact of occupant behaviors.

Design and building system analysis on the smart fisheries village (SFV) website at the banyuwangi fisheries training and counseling center

This research aims to analyze and design a smart fisheries village-based website system to facilitate back-end, front-end, and UI/UX designers in the application of website creation according to the needs desired by the agency and with an organized database so that the creation of data reports will be faster. The early stages of the research began with the identification of the the specific needs of fishing villages and involved an in-depth analysis of the system needs that supported the vision of the Smart Fisheries Village. The design began with data collection consisting of observation methods and interviews, where researchers interviewed the authorities. In this method, the author gives 5 questions to the user, data analysis, and design of the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The design of this SFV web system uses a Unified Modeling Language (UML), which involves the use of diagrams and UML notation to describe various aspects of the system visually. The results of this study include UML diagrams, which encompass activity diagrams (for users and admins), flow diagrams (for users and admins), use case diagrams (for users and admins), and class diagrams that have undergone 4-5 iterations. The design of the Smart Fisheries Village website system is necessary to improve the welfare of the fishing village. Contributions of this research include the standardization of modeling, increased productivity, improved analysis and planning, and improved understanding. Previous research might have concentrated on a single type of system or domain. However, research should be expanded to various types of systems and industries.

Influence of soil structure interaction on G + 11 storied RC frame against unconfined surface blast loads

All Nuclear power plants consist of several structures of varying importance that have to be designed for dynamic loading like earthquakes and impacts that they might be exposed to. Research on the influence of dynamic loading from blast events is still crucial to address to guarantee the general safety and integrity of nuclear plants. Conventional structural design approaches typically ignore the Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) effect. However, studies show that the SSI effect is significant in structures exposed to dynamic loads such as wind and seismic loads. The present study is focused on evaluating the Soil-Structure Interaction effects on G + 11 storied reinforced concrete framed structure exposed to unconfined surface blast loads. The SSI effect for three flexible soil bases (i.e., Loose, Medium, and Dense) is evaluated by performing a Fast Non-linear (Time History) Analysis on a Two-Dimensional Finite Element Model developed in (Extended Three-Dimensional Analysis of Building System) ETABS software. Unconfined surface blast load of three different charge weights (i.e., 500 kg TNT, 1500 kg TNT, and 2500 kg TNT) at a standoff distance of 10 m are applied on the structure. Blast wave parameters are evaluated based on technical manual TM-5–1300. The blast response of the structure with and without the SSI effect is studied. It is concluded from this study that, there is a significant variation in dynamic response parameters of the structure with flexible soil bases compared to rigid or fixed base. For all magnitudes of surface blasts and soil base conditions, the ground floor is the most vulnerable floor against collapse. The study recommends measures to mitigate the damage due to unconfined surface blasts on multi-storey reinforced concrete structures.

An Attempt to Design of High-Rise Structures Using ETABS

Abstract: This paper aims to discuss about ETABS (i.e., Extended Three Dimensional Analysis of Building Systems) and its various stages of Design civil engineering structures. Designer will be able to specify the loads and perform the analysis all conveniently and quickly. It helps in understanding the overall behavior of the structure in terms of resulting bending moment, shear forces and deformations which can be viewed or plotted. Define the boundary conditions, assign material properties. Designer will be able to generate the geometry

Application of Digital Technologies Tools for Social and Sustainable Construction in a Developing Economy

This study aims to evaluate the diverse application areas of digital technologies (DTs) within the Nigerian construction industry, with the intention of gaining insights into their potential benefits, challenges, and opportunities for enhancing efficiency, productivity, and overall performance. This will help us to understand how innovative technologies can improve the various stages of construction projects. To achieve the objectives of this study, a convenience sampling approach was employed to distribute closed-ended questionnaires among construction professionals located in Lagos State. Several statistical tools were used to analyze the obtained data, including percentages, frequencies, mean item scores, and exploratory factor analyses were performed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the dataset. The major findings from the study indicated that architectural design, cost planning, building system analysis, structural analysis, and contract documentation are areas in which DT is mostly applied in the construction industry. Further analysis using factor analysis revealed four clusters of application areas as the pre-contract stage, construction stage, post-contract stage, and modeling stage. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the effective utilization of DT in the construction industry, thereby contributing to informed decision-making and improved project management practices. The insights gained from this research can inform industry professionals, policymakers, and stakeholders in making informed decisions to drive positive changes and innovation within the sector.

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BUILDING (B+G+10) WITH FLAT SLABS IN ZONE ‘II’ USING ETABS AND SAFE SOFTWARE

Structural Engineering is a Branch of civil engineering which deals in the determination of behaviour of structures in order to predict the responses of real structures like bridges, Buildings, etc. under the improvement of expected loading and external environment during the service life of the structure. Structural Engineers these days are up against the challenging task of striving for the most efficient and most economical design with accuracy in solution while guaranteeing the final design of a building is serviceable for its design lifetime. In reality it’s very difficult to predict with certainty how much damage a building will experience for a given level of ground motion, because there are number of factors that affect the behaviour of the structural systems. The objective is to emphasize on structural behaviour of a commercial building (basement + ground+10 stories) installed with flat slabs for Bangalore (Zone 2) pertaining to medium soil. The building model is designed and analysed using ETABS (Extended Three dimensional analysis of Building System) and SAFE. ETABS is the ultimate integrated software package for the structural analysis and design of buildings. SAFE is the ultimate tool for designing concrete floor and foundation systems. The lateral loads induced from wind and earthquakes in the design and analysis of building is considered. The dead loads are calculated as per IS 875(part 1)-1987, live load is taken as per IS 875(part 2)-1987, earthquake load has been taken as per IS 1893-2002(part 1) and wind load has been taken from IS 875 (part 3)1987. The manual calculations for the design of structural members were compared with the software results which were found to be satisfactory. All the design and detailing procedures for structural members were carried out as per the guidelines of Bureau of Indian Standard code books.

Sustainable Process Study on Emergy and Carbon Emission Analysis of Building System Based on Neural Network Algorithm

Sustainable building systems can effectively reduce environmental pressures and mitigate the deterioration of the global climate. The sustainability of complex building systems is influenced by various factors. This article quantitatively analyzes building systems from an ecological emergy and carbon emissions perspective, and considers typical feedback structures’ impact. A neural network algorithm is employed for sustainability prediction analysis. The results demonstrate that both from an emergy and carbon emissions perspective, the operational phase of the building and the production phase of building materials are the main contributors (accounting for over 90%). Among the three types of feedback subsystems, the cross-feedback structure has a more significant impact and yields the best corrective effect. For example, the correction proportion of the building’s emergy sustainability parameter reaches 11.3%, while it is 15.8% for carbon emissions. The neural network model predicts a decreasing trend in the energy sustainability of buildings and increasing carbon emissions over time. To improve the sustainability of building systems, measures such as ecological landscape design and carbon sequestration in building materials are considered, which can enhance the sustainability of buildings to a certain extent.

Effect of wind on RC structure resting on sloping ground and analysis done using ETABS software

Wind load is one of the common loads for civil engineering structures viz. for long span bridges, tall buildings, towers and mast structures also. Wind load is acting on such structure throughout its life span. Therefore it is most important phenomenon to be taken into consideration for a structural engineer. Due to scarcity of land or due to mountainous terrains in North and North-East part of India most of the time structures are constructed on sloping grounds which is a challenge for structural engineer for analysis and design. These structures are also directly subjected to wind loads. India is also having large records of earthquake which left behind loss of many lives and heavy destruction to property and economy. Analysis of buildings in hilly regions with sloping grounds is somewhat different than the building located over a levelled ground. In present study 3D building frames of 25 storied building resting on flat terrain and sloping ground are taken into consideration. For sloping ground slopes of 20⁰,30⁰, and 40⁰ are considered. They are to be analyzed for wind speeds 39 m/s, 47 m/s and 55 m/s respectively. The modelling and analysis can be done using ETABS software which stands for extended three dimensional analysis of building system.

Study of Earthquake & Analysis of Multi-storied Building Using E-Tab

Abstract: Structural Analysis is a branch which includes in the determination of conduct of constructions to anticipate the reactions of various underlying segments because of the impact of loads. Every single construction will be exposed to possibly one or the gatherings of loads, the different sorts of loads typically considered are dead loads, live loads, wind load IS:875-1987 Part1, 2, 3, seismic load (IS:1893-2016). ETABS (Extended Three-Dimensional Analysis of Building System) is a product which is joined with all the significant forces that are static, dynamic, Linear and non-direct, and so on. This Computer programming's are additionally being utilized for the computation of forces, bending moment, stress, strain &deformation or diversion for a complex underlying framework and this software is utilized to design and plan the structures. The study of this project is to analyse & design of Reinforced Concrete building using Etabs. By this project, it has been checked that the displacement of the building seems to be within permissible limit'. The Structure has been designed as per Indian Codes & by laws provided by that area. In this paper, an analysis has been done on the storey height of a building situated in zone V, keeping the base dimensions constant, to find the maximum bending and shear forces at the design for earthquake load, using the software ETABS. For earthquake loads, both dynamic and static analysis has been done. The analysis for seismic loads has been carried out. Thereafter, the graphs for different values displacement at all the storey drifts, due to earthquake load (EQ) have been plotted.

Design and Analysis of G+5 Residential Building

Structural analysis is a subject which involves designing, planning to build a perfect building. Basically, each project is different with their design criteria such as incoming load, soil properties, dynamic load, built up area etc.In the present days of improving science and technology, analyzing and designing of a building has been made easy by using ETABS and Auto cad software.Design of residential building by Auto CAD (COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN) and analysis of the building by using ETABS (EXTENDED THREE DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF BUILDING SYSTEM)which includes- generating a structural framing plan, getting model analysis of structure and design of structure.ETABS software helps civil engineers to make their work easy and decreases time necessary for planning.The project going to be done is the design of a multi-storey residential building. The building plan has been drafted using the Auto Cad software by the requirements and available area.The super structure i.e. The building frame has been analyzed and designed using the ETABS software.In the present project G+5 Residential building is going to be analyzed and designed for gravity and lateral (wind and earth quake) loads as per Indian standards.

Comparative study of buckling restrained braces and fluid viscous damper applied in an RCC structure following pushover analysis

Energy dissipators are widely used to enhance structural performance against wind and seismic activities. Since India is an earthquake-prone country, displacement-dependent (an example: buckling restrained bracing), and velocity-dependent (an example: fluid viscous damper) both types of energy dissipators are becoming more well-known and widely used to lessen the effects of seismic occurrences. Although most of the study about the application and performance evaluation of energy dissipators like buckling restrained braces (BRB) and fluid viscous damper (FVD) were based on steel and composite structure, reinforced cement concrete (RCC) building makes up the majority of structures in India, and a large number of RCC building structure are not capable to resist damage due to seismic activity. Additionally, nonlinear static analysis-based comparative information concerning BRB and FVD is very few. This study focused on a comparison of two energy dissipators- a) buckling restrained bracing (BRB) and b) fluid viscous damper (FVD) used in an RCC structure following pushover analysis to produce a pushover curve and evaluate structural performance. Four Ground floor + 14 (G + 14) storey RCC structures were created according to Indian Standard (IS) provisions in Extended Three-Dimensional Analysis of Building System (ETABS) software and applied BRB and FVD separately in diagonal and inverted V shapes. To compare structural responses with BRB and FVD independently, the results of the diagonal and inverted V systems have been explored. All the data were acquired by utilizing response spectrum sources developed under IS 1893:2016 following ASCE 41–13 NSP graphical display for static pushover curve in ETABS. It has been determined that the sample BRB has performed more admirably than FVD in both circumstances while using a diagonal and inverted V bracing system. But in large displacement FVD tends to increase performance. BRB is stiffer than FVD, allowing it to be used to raise the structure's stiffness as needed. It is essential to consider the seismic weight of BRB and FVD while designing a new building or retrofitting and restoring a structure.

Kinetic Temperature of Structures for Resilience, Instability, and Failure Analysis of Building Systems

From theory, calibration and application of the equipartition theorem of statistical physics to structural failure and instability analysis, we introduce the kinetic temperature of structures as an order parameter to ascertain equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium states in structural mechanics. Set within the framework of molecular dynamics-based structural mechanics, this is achieved by connecting the set of momentum balance equations to an outside bath reservoir maintained at a reference temperature history through the Nosé-Hoover thermostat. The problem thus comes down to solving the momentum balance equation with a dissipative mass damping term, which evolves in function of the difference in temperature between the structure’s kinetic temperature/energy and the bath temperature. Following the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics, it is recognized that a structure is in (thermal) equilibrium as long as the structure’s kinetic temperature attains the bath temperature; whereas it is out-of-equilibrium when the open system (structure plus bath) exhibits a sustained temperature difference. In this case, the structure has exhausted its fluctuation-dissipation capacity, which is indicative—for structures—of a progressive failure and instability. The implementation of the kinetic temperature as an order parameter in structural failure and instability analysis is illustrated for a prototype five-storey building subject to excessive wind and fire loads. It is suggested that the proposed order parameter becomes an integral part of the structural engineering toolbox for resilience studies of buildings and structures.

Comparative analysis of irregular RCC buildings in different zones

The earthquake is the most devastating and unexpected natural phenomenon, causing massive damage to both human lives and infrastructure. In this study, two different irregulars Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) building plans of 25th story buildings with the ground floor (G+25) and 9th storey buildings with the ground floor (G+9) were subjected to four different zones making a total of eight model structures to test their ability to withstand gravity and seismic loads. The design was response spectrum method (RSM) then subjected to an earthquake load in accordance with Indian Standard (IS) 1893. The earthquake performance is evaluated on the basis of the structure’s design, serviceability, and earthquake power using an extended three-dimensional analysis of building systems (ETABS). The behaviour of building irregularities under seismic loading is investigated in this work. In this study, it has been compared the results in terms of max story displacement, max story drifts, and base shear. It was found that the model in zone 5 has maximum story displacements among all other models as well as higher max story drifts and base shears for both plans of G+9 and G+25. From the result, it was concluded that both the building models in the lower zone showed better performance in terms of max story displacement, max story drift, and base shear.

Analysis of building structure performance due to earthquake load with time history analysis method using ETABS (Extended Three-Dimensional Analysis of Building Systems) software (case study: the faculty of medicine building at IGM University)

The inability of a building to withstand deviations due to earthquake strength exceeding the required safe limit is one of the factors causing the collapse of the building. Mitigation efforts that can be made to overcome the impact of earthquakes include evaluating the performance of building structures. In this study, the Faculty of Medicine building at Indo Global Mandiri University was evaluated using the time history analysis method using ETABS V.18. The results of the analysis showed that for the El Centro (1940), Mentawai-West Sumatra (2007), and Chihuahua (2010) earthquakes, based on the value of inter-level drift and maximum inter-level drift on the effect of planned earthquake loads, the service limit performance was fewer than 0.017 meters and the ultimate limit performance was fewer than 0.080 meters, so it has met permit requirements according to the Indonesian standard (SNI 1726-2019) and is included in the safe category. Based on the performance of ATC-40 obtained for the El Centro (1940) and the Mentawai-West Sumatra (2007), it produced the performance level of the structure "Immediate Occupancy", while when subjected to the load of the Chihuahua (2010), it produced the performance level of the structure "Damage Control".

Study of High-Rise Building with Oblique Column using ETABS

Now a days we are facing everywhere a large number of new type structural system. The oblique column is used to give an aesthetic appearance to the structure and also to determine, the effects of oblique column to the structure. It is possible with the software ETABS (Extended 3-Dimensional Analysis of Building System) to modelled and analyse the high-rise structure with oblique column. In the present study, linear static and Response Spectrum Analysis were conducted, by applying outer columns of the structure as oblique column. The plan is prepared in the software AutoCAD and modelled in the software ETABS. After Analysing, the results of the Analysis parameters such as Time period, Base shear, Storey Displacement and Storey Drift of normal column or 00 inclined column are compared with the 30, 60 and 90 inclinations of oblique column. The variation of the Results of different models are shown by the graphs.

Analysis and Design of G+12 Storey Reinforced Concrete Building Using ETABS

Abstract: Extended Three Dimensional Analysis of Building Systems is abbreviated as ETABS. The significant objective of this program is to make multi-story structures in a purposeful way. The productive plan and development of quake safe designs is significant everywhere. ETABS was used to analyse and design a multi-story residential structure with the lateral loading effect of an earthquake. IS 1893-part2:2002 and IS 456:2000 were used to design this project. This analysis takes into account harsh earthquake zones, and reactions are evaluated using soil type-II conditions. Important phrases: Etabs programme , Seismic Analysis of G+12 storey RC frame structure.

Seismic and Wind Analysis of RCC Building with Different Shape of Shear Wall and Without Shear Wall

Abstract: ETABS Stand for Extended Three-Dimensional Analysis of Building systems. ETABS integrates every aspect of the engineering design process. In the present situations of construction industry, the buildings that are being constructed are gaining significance, in general those with the best possible outcomes which are referred to members like beams and columns in multi storeys R.C structures. This paper deals with the seismic analysis of regular B+G+26 story building with shear wall and G+B+10 Story building with different irregular shapes considering different shapes of shear wall at different locations has been carried out. Which can be done in ETABS taking all the considerations regarding codes and other factors into account. All the buildings were analyzed with the same method as stated in IS 1893-Part-1:2016. The effect of shear walls on lateral capacity of the building are examined because the seismic analysis of a frame depends upon the location and symmetry of shear wall. Present study shows the shear wall improves not only the lateral stiffness and strength capacity but also the displacement capacity of structure. Comparison of results been done of different models by comparing the parameters such as story drift, story displacement, story stiffness and base reaction. Therefore, as far as possible irregularities in a building must be avoided. But, if irregularities have to be introduced for any reason, they must be designed properly following the conditions of IS 13920:1993. The complex shaped buildings are now days getting popular, but they carry a risk of sustaining damages during earthquakes. Keywords ETABS Software; IS Code 1892-Part-1:2016; IS Code 13920:1993; IS Code 875-Part-1 and Part-2

Static Analysis of 23 Storey Building in ETABS with Geometric Plan Irregularities

Static analysis is a simplified method of analysis in which the effect of an immediate change to a system is calculated without regard to the longer-term response of the system to that change. This analysis also deals with calculating the shear force and bending moment parameters for structural members of a building[1]. ETABS stands for Extended 3Dimensional Analysis of Building Systems and is a product of Computers and Structures Inc. It is engineering software that is used in construction for analysis and design of structural elements of a building. It has highly efficient structural analysis and design programs developed for catering to multi-story building systems[2][3]. Our project “Static Analysis of 23 storeys building in ETABS with geometric plan irregularities” is an attempt to analyse a multi storey building using ETABS software. Analysis is carried out by static method as per IS 456 and IS 875:1975 Part 3. The scope of the study is to produce good results of structural analysis of different structural elements of a high rise building.

Cost Estimate and Input Energy of Floor Systems in Low Seismic Regions

Reinforced concrete (RC) as a material is most commonly used for buildings construction. Several floor systems are available following the structural and architectural requirements. The current research study provides cost and input energy comparisons of RC office buildings of different floor systems. Conventional solid, ribbed, flat plate and flat slab systems are considered in the study. Building models in three-dimensional using extended three-dimensional analysis of building systems (ETABS) and in two-dimensional using slab analysis by the finite element (SAFE) are developed for analysis purposes. Analysis and design using both software packages and manual calculations are employed to obtain the optimum sections and reinforcements to fit cities of low seismic intensities for all the considered building systems. Two ground motion records of low peak ground acceleration (PGA) levels are used to excite the models to measure the input energies. Uniformat cost estimating system is adopted to categorize building components according to 12 divisions. Also, Microsoft (MS) Project is utilized to identify the construction cost and duration of each building system. The study shows that floor system significantly causes changes in the input energy to structures. In addition, the slight increase in the PGA increases the amount of input energy particularly flat plate system. Estimated cost of the flat plate system that the flat slab system is of higher value as compared to ribbed and conventional slab systems. The use of drop panels increases this value as well. Moreover, the estimated cost of the ribbed slab system exceeds that of conventional system.

Comparative Study on Overturning Moment and Eccentricity of A I-Shaped Building by Equivalent Lateral Force and Modal Response Spectrum Method Using ETABS Software

Extended Three-Dimensional Analysis of Building System (ETABS) (version19) is a powerful software, used for building analysis and design. This software used for analysis purpose to this study. The study in this paper mainly strengthens on overturning moment and eccentricity of I-shaped fifteen storied building in both equivalent lateral force method and modal response spectrum method. The analyses are carried out as per ASCE7-16 and BNBC 2020 guidelines. It is observed that the overturning moment is approximately 11% greater in equivalent lateral force method than modal response spectrum method while in eccentricity approximately 2% greater in modal response spectrum method than equivalent lateral force method.