Building Plan Research Articles

Integrating Digital Twins with BIM for Enhanced Building Control Strategies: A Systematic Literature Review Focusing on Daylight and Artificial Lighting Systems

In the architecture, engineering, and construction industries, the integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) has become instrumental in shaping the design and commissioning of smart buildings. At the center of this development is the pursuit of more intelligent, efficient, and sustainable built environments. The emergence of smart buildings equipped with advanced sensor networks and automation systems increasingly requires the implementation of Digital Twins (DT) for the direct coupling of BIM methods for integral building planning, commissioning, and operational monitoring. While simulation tools and methods exist in the design phase of developing advanced controls, their mapping to construction or post-construction models is less well developed. Through systematic, keyword-based literature research on publisher-independent databases, this review paper gives a comprehensive overview of the state of the research on BIM integration of building control systems with a primary focus on combined controls for daylight and artificial lighting systems. The review, supported by a bibliometric literature analysis, highlights major development fields in HVAC controls, failure detection, and fire-detection systems, while the integration of daylight and artificial lighting controls in Digital Twins is still at an early stage of development. In addition to already existing reviews in the context of BIM and Digital planning methods, this review particularly intends to build the necessary knowledge base to further motivate research activities to integrate simulation-based control methods in the BIM planning process and to further close the gap between planning, implementation, and commissioning.

The green window view index: automated multi-source visibility analysis for a multi-scale assessment of green window views

ContextProviding accessible urban green spaces is crucial for planning and ensuring healthy, resilient, and sustainable cities. The importance of visually accessible urban green spaces increases due to inner urban development processes.ObjectivesThis article proposes a new index, the Green Window View Index (GWVI) for analyzing and assessing visible vegetation, that promotes an integrated planning of urban green spaces and buildings at different scales and levels. It is defined as the proportion of visible vegetation area in a field of view when looking out of a specific window with a defined distance to the window.MethodsThe method for estimating GWVI consists of three steps: (a) the modeling of the three-dimensional environment, (b) the simulation of the two-dimensional window views using modern rendering engines for three-dimensional graphics, (c) the computation of the GWVI. The method is proposed and tested through a case study of the urban area of Bonn, Germany, using a Digital Terrain Model (DTM), CityGML-based semantic 3D City Model at level of detail (LoD) 2, airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data, and 2D land use data from the official German property cadaster information system (ALKIS).ResultsWith an average processing time of 0.05 s per window view, an average GWVI of 26.00% could be calculated for the entire study area and visualized in both 2D and 3D.ConclusionThe proposed engine generates multi-scale visibility values for various vegetation shapes. These values are intended for use in participatory citizenship and decision-making processes for analysis by architects, real-estate appraisers, investors, and urban as well as landscape planners.

Long-term operational planning for flexible residential buildings with seasonal storage and capacity-based grid tariffs

When performing operation of the energy system in a building, it is difficult to accurately represent the uncertain long-term objectives in the short-term window, and the correlation between long-term objectives. This work investigates a strategic modelling framework for representing long-term incentives during short-term operational planning for an energy system within flexible buildings. Multi-stage backwards Stochastic Dynamic Programming (SDP) is used to decompose the yearly operational problem into smaller stages, and create long-term cost curves that captures the cost of adjusting long-term price signals, which in this work considers seasonal thermal energy storage and recurring monthly capacity-based grid tariff costs. The proposed method is analyzed for a flexible realistic Norwegian building located in Southern Norway, where the influence both price signals have on long-term operational performance is analyzed. Results show that the framework strategically optimizes the long-term seasonal storage together with the recurring monthly grid tariff, complementing each other by using the seasonal storage to reduce peak costs during winter. With both seasonal storage and monthly demand charge, yearly operational costs are reduced by 4.3% compared to only accounting for the grid tariff. Additionally, the operational performance achieved only a 0.9% higher cost compared to yearly simulation with perfect information.

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Utilizations for Urban Landscapes of Ferns on Buildings in Taipei City

<p>橫跨熱帶與亞熱帶地區的台灣，處處都有蕨類的蹤跡，即使在高度發展的台北都市區裡，仍可見自發生長的蕨類旺盛生長，蕨類植物除了可增加都市生物多樣性提升生活舒適性，在恢復都市生態景觀中亦發揮著潛在的重要生態功能。本研究於2022年5月至 2023年3月的10個月間，透過台北都市區進行依附建物生長蕨類的種類、土地使用分區、方位、棲息地年齡 (建築開發後的年數) 與材質等調查，探索台北都會區建築的蕨類分布及其生態特性。在台北12個行政區486樣區內，共紀錄23種蕨類，其中出現頻度超過5%的6個物種，依頻度高低排序，分別為鱗蓋鳳尾蕨 (Pteris vittata L.)、鳳尾蕨 (Pteris multifida Poir.)、鐵線蕨 (Adiantum capillus-veneris L.)、腎蕨 (Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C.Presl)、野小毛蕨 (Christella dentata (Forssk.) Brownsey & Jermy)、東洋山蘇花 (Asplenium setoi N. Murak. & Seriz. )。蕨類所依附之建築年齡至少要50年以上，棲位以牆角 (43%) 與牆面 (28%) 居多，基質以水泥 (41%) 與磚牆 (32%) 佔優勢，本研究顯示逾20種台灣原生蕨類植物可生存在台北都市區幾近無土且人為嚴重干擾的嚴苛環境中，首度證實多種台灣原生蕨類族群在都市裡可穩定生長開始，納入都市景觀的潛力要件，為都市景觀增添多樣性及野性氣息，可在規劃都市設計時綠建築與發展景觀生物多樣性時之植物素材，落實親生命城市規劃目標。</p> <p> </p><p>In the metropolitan area of Taipei, ferns could grow spontaneously. In the tropical-subtropical region of Taiwan, we can observe them everywhere. Ferns play an important role in the horticultural business. significance and provide important ecological services. In addition to climate change and its destruction of natural habitats, it may lead to widespread loss of biodiversity; however, the high abundance of ferns and soil structure, which is more abundant in steep, dry and wet soil areas, through Reducing runoff from roads, mitigating splash and hydro-surface erosion processes, trapping sediment from which plant seeds can germinate, providing nutrient-rich runoff, and moderating harsh surface temperature environments all play potentially important ecological roles in urban ecological landscape restoration. The research investigates fern species, land-use subdivisions, building age, location, and growth matrix in Taipei metropolitan area over a 10-month period from May 2022 to March 2023. The results show that 23 fern species were recorded in 489 plots across 12 administrative districts of Taipei City, with 6 species occurring at a frequency of more than 5%. These species include Pteris vittata L., Pteris multifida Poir., Adiantum capillus-veneris L., Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C.Presl, Christella dentata (Forssk.) Brownsey & Jermy, and Asplenium setoi N. Murak. & Seriz. Ferns were found exclusively on old buildings, typically at least 50 years old. The primary locations for fern growth were wall corners (43%) and wall surfaces (28%), with cement (41%) and brick (32%) being the most predominant growth matrices. This study highlights that certain fern species can thrive in harsh environments without soil and with minimal human interference, such as those found in the Taipei metropolitan area. As a result, ferns hold potential as plant materials for building, landscape, and urban planning designers in the future. This study first documented that many native ferns can stably grow in urban areas. They are now considered to be potential elements for urban landscapes, adding diversity and wildness. These ferns can serve as plant materials for green buildings and contribute to enhancing urban biodiversity. This aligns with the goal of creating biophilia cities that prioritize life and well-being.</p> <p> </p>

Value Engineering Building Structure Civil Servent Paspampres PUPR Precast with Lead Rubber Bearing Potential Fault Zone

Life cycle cost (LCC) analysis is a method that can be used to control initial costs and future costs in investing in a project where in this case the use of Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB) technology. The purpose of this study is to analyze the economic value of a building by taking into account the cost of operating the building during the life cycle. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study on life cycle cost analysis to find out what costs are contained in the ASN Paspampres, IKN Flat Construction Project and to be able to find out how much costs are incurred starting from the design stage to the age of the building plan that has been determined. The data used are Plan Drawings, Cost Budget Plans (RAB) from the project and literature studies that support the research. The estimated cost of replacement and repair in the future is calculated on present value, with an economic life of building construction for 50 years with a simulation of an earthquake occurring only 1 time, assuming 6% interest, assuming an inflation rate of 2.61%, an increase in the price of construction materials and Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB) per year of 0.99%. Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis based on 4 system categories is that conventional LCC is greater than precast LCC, conventional LCC + LRB and precast LCC + LRB. Based on the value of Conventional LCC + LRB and Precast LCC + LRB is still more efficient than Conventional LCC and precast LCC, if the earthquake event is below the 12th year for Conventional LCC + LRB and the earthquake event is below 38 years for precast LCC + LRB. The deviation value between conventional LCC + LRB decreases over time until it approaches zero deviation (0) near the 12th year and after that year (12th) the deviation becomes negative. This means that after the 12th year Conventional LCC + LRB is already inefficient compared to Conventional LCC. The deviation value between Precast LCC + LRB decreases over time until it approaches zero deviation (0) near the 38th year and after that year (38th) the deviation becomes negative. This means that after the 38th year Precast LCC + LRB is no longer efficient compared to Conventional LCC.

Hybrid Method of Connection Evaluation and Framework Optimization for Building Surface Reconstruction

The three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of buildings using photogrammetric point clouds is important for many applications, ranging from digital city construction to urban energy consumption analysis. However, problems such as building complexity and point cloud flaws may lead to incorrect modeling, which will affect subsequent steps such as texture mapping. This paper introduces a pipeline for building surface reconstruction from photogrammetric point clouds, employing a hybrid method that combines connection evaluation and framework optimization. Firstly, the plane segmentation method divides building point clouds into several pieces, which is complemented by a proposed candidate plane generation method aimed at removing redundancies and merging similarities. Secondly, the improved connection evaluation method detects potential skeleton lines from different planes. Subsequently, a framework optimization method is introduced to select suitable undirected polygonal boundaries from planes, forming the basis for plane primitives. Finally, by triangulating all plane primitives and filling holes, a building surface polygonal model is generated. Experiments conducted on various building examples provide both qualitative and quantitative evidence that the proposed hybrid method outperforms many existing methods, including traditional methods and deep learning methods. Notably, the proposed method successfully reconstructs the main building structures and intricate details, which can be further used to generate textural models and semantic models. Experimental results validate that the proposed method can be used for the surface reconstruction from photogrammetric point clouds of planar buildings.

A Generative Design Approach to Improving the Environmental Performance of Educational Buildings in Hot Arid Climates. (Assiut National University as a Case Study)

The architectural design process is complex, involving diverse objectives that may be contradictory, and on which orientation exerts significant influence. The artificial intelligence application, Generative Design facilitates solving multi-objective design dilemmas through the creation and evaluation of numerous design alternatives. However, its exploration in educational buildings in hot arid climates remains limited. Given the impact of spaces’ function distribution, this study aims to optimize it in the typical plans of educational buildings. Employing a multi-objective design approach to enhance environmental performance. The study is conducted and evaluated in national universities in Egypt as a case study, specifically in Assiut City. The results revealed that the optimum design for a certain objective has not equated to optimal performance for other goals, highlighting an inherent contradiction between them. Among 26,334 possible alternatives for spaces’ function distribution, the difference between the optimal scenario and the least favourable one is significant for the parameters related to study spaces: natural daylighting, and visual comfort, ranging from 10% to 24%, besides around 1% difference for parameters related to the whole building, including energy consumption, thermal comfort, and carbon emission. This research offers a framework applicable to various building types. Additionally, it encourages decision-makers to adopt a no-cost sustainable design approach.

Integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) with Transportation and Facilities: Recent Applications and Future Perspectives

At present, increased modes of transport have facilitated daily life. Building information modeling (BIM) integration has become a key strategy to foster efficiency, collaboration, and sustainability in the fields of buildings, transport, and facilities. Currently, there is a scarcity of comprehensive examinations of the performance of integrated BIM with transport facilities and applications to help identify potential prospects for sustainable development. Hence, this research paper attempts to scrutinize the integration of BIM, transportation, and facilities (T and Fs) by highlighting future directions and trends, revealing the existing status and hotspots of research in the field, and clarifying the developmental pulse of research as well as emerging areas in the future. A quantitative research technique is utilized in this study, using VOSviewer and CiteSpace software, and the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. The study findings suggest that the hot keywords for the integration of BIM and T and Fs are predominantly concentrated on construction, framework, system, design, and management. In addition, over the previous 34 years (years 1989 to 2023), the applications of point cloud, digital twin, and life cycle assessment have been the current hot topics, and these emerging technologies can offer more innovative breakthroughs for the future. Furthermore, the integration of BIM and T and Fs represents an important trend that is essential for improving the efficiency, sustainability, and intelligence of buildings and infrastructure, from which the three domains can create synergies that contribute to the better planning, construction, and management of building and infrastructure projects.

A three-dimensional evaluation method for building energy systems to guide power grid-friendly interactions during the planning and operational stages

Under the premise of on-site demand satisfaction and improving the efficiency of energy utilization, grid-friendly buildings can achieve stable power consumption without increasing dispatch pressure on local power grids. They can even actively respond to the grid's demand. The existing methods for evaluating grid-friendly building energy systems are based on a single perspective and scenario. There is no multidimensional evaluation system that takes into account the requirements that exist in the planning and operational stages of buildings. Thus, building designers do not know the short- and long-term response effect or grid-friendly potential of alternative schemes. To address this issue, three evaluation dimensions of grid-friendly building energy systems have been determined based on the requirements that exist in the planning and operational stages, and a comprehensive evaluation system has been developed. First, the three evaluation dimensions were defined by analyzing the evaluation needs. Second, indexes for the three dimensions were developed. Third, the optimal grid-friendly building energy system origin was calibrated with the index extremum analysis. The integrated score calculation approach was developed with the spatial Euclidean distance. Finally, the correctness and rationality of the proposed method have been verified via comparison with the traditional method and dimensional reciprocity. The results show that energy storage can significantly increase the grid-friendly capacity of a building's energy system and enhance the long-term and short-term response effects. It is anticipated that building designers will be better equipped to select alternative schemes if they use the proposed method and that using this method will support the optimization of building-side scheduling and grid-side management strategy formulation.

The European Landscape of Institutional Publishing

NOTE: Download from this platform not possible at the moment due to a technical problem. Meanwhile, please visit to https://soundcloud.com/opensciencetalk to stream the episode. This episode of Open Science Talk deals with Diamond Open Access publishing services provided by instutitions. The EU-funded project DIAMAS (Developing Institutional Open Acces Publisihing Models to Advance Scholarly Communication) has recently published a 240-page landscape report on «Institutional Publishing in the E[uropean] R[esearch] A[rea]; results from the DIAMAS survey». Work Package leader Jan Erik Frantsvåg discusses the main findings of the report together with Sona Arasteh, co-author of a synopsis of the same report, comprising 30 richly illustrated pages. In the discussion, the landscape report and its synopsis is contextualized alongside an earlier study on the global landscape of Diamond Open Access Publishing; on-going projects such as DIAMAS’ sister projects CRAFT-OA and PALOMERA; and plans for capacity building for Diamond Open Access Publishing on global, regional and national levels. Digital recording, unfortunately with problematic sound quality. First published online: Feb 13, 2024.

Identifying influential architectural design variables for early-stage building sustainability optimization

Architectural design variables (ADVs) highly influence a building's sustainability performance. Thus, identifying which ADVs are most influential in a building's early stages is of great significance, especially when using computational building design optimization tools. Currently, sensitivity analysis based on computer simulations is the most commonly used means to identify which ADVs are the most influential in the early stages. However, we suggest that a stakeholder perspective should also be considered as stakeholders possess domain-specific knowledge and expertise as well as a contextual understanding that can greatly enhance the development and deployment of building design optimization tools. To explore the above, we combined a literature review with survey data from 24 architects and sustainability consultants in the Nordics. Surprisingly, we found that the influential ADVs in the literature do not always align with those of our surveyed stakeholders. For example, we found that the literature considers building plan, window-to-wall-ratio (WWR), and wall material as the most influential ADVs, which contrasts with storey number, storey height, WWR, roof material and wall material considered by stakeholders to be the most influential. We also found that the most influential ADVs differ across different sustainability optimization objectives, and that these also differ from the literature. Despite our limited survey sample, our study provides insights into influential ADVs and as such has implications for the development, use, and performance of computational building design optimization tools.

Analyzing the Land Surface Temperature Response to Urban Morphological Changes: A Case Study of the Chengdu–Chongqing Urban Agglomeration

AbstractUrban morphological change impacts the land surface temperature (LST) through modifying the net radiation, convective heat transfer, evapotranspiration, and heat storage on the ground. It is essential to quantify the contributions of these physical changes on LST changes. In this work, we conduct simulations using a weather research and forecasting model for the Chengdu–Chongqing urban agglomeration to identify causes of LST changes due to urban morphological changes through different morphological parameters: the aspect ratio, building plan area fraction, and average building height. A new method is proposed and used to quantify the contribution of these physical changes on LST changes. The results show as the aspect ratio increases, an increase of the average LST is induced by variations in radiation, and daytime cooling and nighttime warming are induced by variations in heat storage. There is warming associated with an increase in the building plan area fraction, which is mostly caused by a decrease in the efficiency of the long‐wave radiant heat emitted from the surface to the atmosphere. We also find that an increase in the average building height enhance the efficiency of convective heat transfer, which results in cooling. These results are important for the management of urban thermal environments.

Law Enforcement in Building Permits on Building Planning in Kupang City is Reviewed From Kupang City Regional Regulation Number 7 Of 2015 Concerning Building

Based on the author's observations, the background of the main problem formulated is How is Law Enforcement in Building Permits in the Kupang City Area and What Factors Affect Law Enforcement on Building Procedures in the Kupang City Area? The purpose and usefulness of this study are to know and examine the effectiveness of law enforcement in Building Permits on building planning and to know and describe the inhibiting factors of law enforcement of building permits in the Kupang City Area. To answer these problems, research was carried out using the Qualitative Descriptive Analysis method by the data obtained while still paying attention to theories, principles, and legal rules, so, this research is a research sourced from primary and secondary data using an empirical juridical approach. In the results of this study, the main problem examined by the researcher explains law enforcement in building permits in the Kupang city area Regional Regulation Number 7 of 2015 concerning Building Buildings, relating to the rights and obligations violated by the operator of this building including not having a Building Permit, commensurate lines of buildings not by the provisions of the Regional Regulation, and the absence of parking facilities. By the provisions of the Regional Regulation, building operators who violate this are subject to administrative sanctions in the form of reprimands and temporary construction stoppages.

Local Context Capacity Building Needs for Climate Change Adaptation among Smallholder Farmers in Uganda: Policy and Practice Implications

Climate change impacts threaten sustainable development efforts. The magnitude of the impacts, however, varies with the socio-ecological characteristics of locations. This is the reason there is consensus on the necessity for climate change adaptive capacity building that is country driven, and based on, and responsive to, local needs. However, information on context specific capacity building needs in developing countries is not readily available. The objective of this study was to establish location specific awareness, training, educational research and technology capacity building needs for climate change adaptation among smallholder farmers in Uganda. Semi-structured questionnaires were used with 465 households from five agro-ecological zones, selected based on the level of vulnerability of agricultural systems to the main climate variation and change hazards. Results reveal substantial capacity building needs in all the zones. The majority of the farmers needed capacity building for interventions on soil-water conservation practices for adapting to drought and unpredictable rainfall. For all zones, education, research, and technology were perceived as key needs. However, the needs varied among zones. These results demonstrate the importance of context specificity in adaptation efforts. The study provides agro-ecological and social system specific information for climate change adaptation planning and policy interventions for effective capacity building.

Building Licence Assistance (PBG) for Warehouse building in Banjar Regency Warehousing Complex

Building Licences or abbreviated as PBG is a permit given from the local government to the owner of the building to build a new building, change, expand, reduce, and maintain the building in accordance with the technical standards of the building. This activity aims to assist building/warehouse owners to obtain building permits that have not completed the technical drawing document requirements. This activity took place for 6 days on Monday 18-23 December 2023. The method used is by surveying the warehouse to be able to make raw data such as surveying building plans, pole sizes and other things that are considered important to complete the drawing requirements. Then make the requirements for the completeness of the required documents in the form of architectural and structural technical drawings. Based on the results of the PBG assistance, the drawings produced are in accordance with the request of the Banjar district government regulations, namely 8 sheets of architectural technical drawings and 10 sheets of structural technical drawings. This activity is expected to make it important to complete the document requirements in the form of drawings and others before starting the construction process.

Performance Model of Planning Consulting Companies in Green Building and Sustainable Design Planning Achievements

This study is a collaborative effort aimed at finding a performance model for a planning consulting firm for achieving green building and sustainable design planning. The method used in this research is qualitative, with SEM analysis tools to find an ideal model. The results of the study found the Planning Consulting Company's performance model in achieving sustainable and green building design planning. It was found that the first model patterned a positive relationship between the consulting company performance indicators and green building. Meanwhile, the second model shows a positive relationship between the Green Building Planning Consulting Company's performance indicators and sustainable development. The test results for the coefficient of determination (R-square) obtained from the first model are the influence of variables site management to wastewater management on the variable green building of 0.757 so that variable green building can be explained by variables site management to wastewater management of 75.7%. Other variables outside this study influence the remaining 24.3%. The coefficient of determination (R-square) obtained from the second model is the effect of the variables green building and site management to wastewater management on the variable sustainable development of 0.790, so the variable sustainable development can be explained by the variables green building and site management to wastewater management of 79%, and other variables outside of this study influence the remaining 21%. We invite you to be part of this collaborative effort and share your insights on these findings.

Robustness of Corner-Supported Modular Steel Buildings with Core Walls

This paper studies the dynamic response of corner-supported modular steel buildings with a core wall system, under progressive collapse scenarios, associated with corner module removals. Since using secondary systems such as concrete core in mid- to high-rise buildings is currently unavoidable, understanding their impact on load transfer between modules during collapse scenarios becomes essential. The designated four-, eight-, and twelve-story buildings were modelled using the macro-model-based finite element method in Abaqus. In addition, three different locations are considered for the concrete shear core within the building plan, leading to nine various case scenarios. Each vertical and horizontal inter-module connection was modelled by one axial and two shear springs with predefined nonlinear force-displacement behavior. The local and global buckling, which plays an essential role in the building’s stability, was considered to obtain accurate results. Finally, parametric studies on the building response were carried out, including the intra-module connection rigidity and inter-module connection stiffness. The results demonstrated that the core wall could maintain the robustness of a modular steel building through two mechanisms dependent on its location within the plan. In addition, preventing plastic hinges from forming in beams could be introduced as an anti-collapse mechanism in the corner module removal scenarios.

A holistic two-stage decision-making methodology for passive and active building design strategies under uncertainty

In the last decade, many studies focused on finding optimal design solutions considering trade-offs between different aspects of building design. Accordingly, multi-objective optimization (MOO) approaches have been increasingly applied in the building industry. However, certain aspects must be deepened to ensure a more effective decision-making process in the early planning phase. On the one hand, uncertainties should be considered before making decisions to ensure the robustness of the optimal solutions; on the other hand, decisions are made at different times in building planning, and the sequential order of making decisions should be modeled. This paper presents a holistic two-stage multi-objective stochastic optimization (MOSO)-II framework to minimize the environmental impact of global warming potential (GWP) and cost throughout the entire life cycle of a building (phases of A1-A3, B4, B6 and C3-C4), considering passive and active design strategies in two consecutive stages, under uncertainty. Herein, individual/use and political/market uncertainties are considered. As a proof of concept, the proposed framework is applied in a case study for a generic zone in a multi-family terraced residential building type with solid brick construction. The advantages of the proposed framework are validated by comparing it with alternative single-stage MOSO frameworks. Results show that the proposed two-stage MOSO-II framework can deliver a smaller range of solutions with a better performance in terms of lower GWP and cost. It indicates that the proposed framework can effectively assist planners in decision-making by reducing the effort in choosing the proper solution. Secondly, the results also emphasize the importance of passive design strategies in sustainable building planning. In addition, the energy mix structure and cost of energy sources should be carefully adjusted in the future to promote a more ecologically sustainable building design.

Energy use Efficiency on High Rise Hotel Building to Reduce Carbon Emission Using Sefaira

A lot of energy consumed by large hotel buildings can affect the environment degradation in a long period of time. Every building plan, including hotels must consider an integrated balance in utilizing existing and limited resources based on low CO2 emissions. Excessive use of energy has a negative impact which increasing the amount of CO2 emissions. This research aims to determine the effect of energy efficiency to provide recommendations, which require significant reduction of energy and environmental degradation by minimizing energy use and CO2 emission. The method that used in this research are modelling, and simulate the energy use intensity and carbon emission using Sefaira as a Sketchup Software plug-in by simulating the existing design and provide a recommendation. The object that being used in this research is a hotel building that have 11 floor and 1 basement in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The result shows EUI of existing hotel building is 977 kWh/m2/year and carbon emission 1.872.042 kgCO2e/year. Comparing to the EUI standard which at the limit of 290–400 kWh/m2/yr. It is recommended to build additional window at the dismantled room area on north and south side of the hotel’s corridor. The recommended design, provides a reduction of EUI into 744,22 kWh/m2/year (31,28%). Meanwhile the carbon emission reduced into 1.467.072 kgCO2e/year (27,60%) from the existing design.

Investigating Parents' Satisfaction with Campus Architecture Planning Using the DQI and Kano Two-Dimensional Quality Model: A Case Study of an Elementary School in Northern Taiwan

Abstract The current design of campus buildings often lacks a thorough exploration of user needs. This study addresses this gap by developing a questionnaire based on the three design dimensions of the Design Quality Indicator (DQI) to assess design quality. Data collected through this questionnaire, along with the application of the Kano two-dimensional quality model (Kano Model) and Customer Satisfaction Coefficient (CSC), are utilized to identify the quality attributes of school buildings from the perspective of users. The study aims to locate the quadrant representing the overall user "satisfaction" and identify satisfactory elements. These findings can serve as essential references for future school construction designs. The sample for this study is derived from a Type A school in the northern region, with parent feedback obtained through a questionnaire survey. The research results indicate that, through the methodology constructed in this study and the proposed planning and design strategies, items meeting parental expectations and satisfaction can be inferred, contributing to the creation of a satisfactory campus architectural form. It is recommended for future research to expand the sample size to obtain a more comprehensive understanding for the planning and design of campus buildings. JEL classification numbers: I28. Keywords: Design Quality Indicator (DQI), Customer Satisfaction Coefficient (CSC), Kano two-dimensional quality model, Campus architecture.