Trust Building Research Articles

Newborn screening programs promote vaccine acceptance among parents in Turkey: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Objectives Newborn screening and childhood immunization are among the most successful public health initiatives. Turkey has a high vaccination coverage (95–99%), but a recent decline is concerning. Vaccine hesitancy (VH) is a growing global issue, identified by the WHO as a major public health threat. Given that VH may correlate with attitudes toward other health practices, we explored whether early engagement with the health system via newborn screening influences childhood vaccine acceptance. Although these programs are implemented separately but concurrently as part of the national healthcare system in Turkey, integrating newborn screening and immunization initiatives may increase vaccine uptake through early engagement and trust building. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between newborn screening and parental vaccine hesitancy. Methods This study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Turkey from July 2023 to April 2024. Parental VH was assessed using the PACV scale, along with questions on demographics and parental vaccination status. Participants with PACV score ≥ 50 were classified as VH+, others as VH–. Groups were compared using t-tests, Mann – Whitney U, chi-squared, or Fisher’s exact tests. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze related factors. Results This analytic descriptive study included 481 parents (125 with children diagnosed with biotinidase deficiency or PKU via newborn screening, and 356 with healthy children aged 2–6). The mean age of respondents was 35 years, and the majority were mothers with a college education. The main sources of vaccine information were health professionals, followed by social media and family. Overall, 19.8% of parents were vaccine-hesitant, with a lower rate in the patient group (12% vs. 22.5%). VH was higher in fathers with chronic diseases (35.1% vs 18.1%, p = .012) and was lower in mothers received tetanus vaccine during pregnancy (16.1% vs. 30.6%, p = .001) or parents who received COVID-19 vaccine (mothers: 13.9% vs. 50.6%, fathers: 14.8% vs. 49.2%, both p < .001). VH was lower in those consulting healthcare professionals and higher in those relying on social media or non-medical sources. Diagnosis and treatment through newborn screening had an effect of 0.47 odds on VH in the overall group (95% CI = 0.24-0.92, p = .028). Conclusion This study found lower vaccine hesitancy among participants in newborn screening programs and those whose parents received adult vaccinations, potentially due to increased contact with health professionals and greater health-seeking behavior. The influence of social media on vaccine hesitancy, evident in the general population, was not observed among cases, suggesting that systematic follow-up may buffer against external risk factors. Studies with matched cohorts, real-time data collection, and anonymous surveys are needed to improve generalizability, support causal inference, and reduce biases.

“Why do I do what I do?” The meaning of work from the perspective of social pedagogues as informal leaders in all-day schools

The number of all-day schools in Switzerland is growing fast. However, the development of new guidelines and regulations in this field is lagging. In their unique position, the professionals not only execute but also define and lead educational practices in all-day schools. In the present study, problem-based group interviews were conducted with extended educational staff in schools in urban Switzerland to review their educational practices and to uncover the meaning they ascribe to their work. The interviews provided insights into professional beliefs and attitudes and were analyzed using thematic analysis. The data revealed two areas of tension in which social pedagogues operate: on the one hand between “fulfilling individual needs and serving a large number of children” and on the other hand between “providing spaces for experience and building trusting and close relationships with children.” Different ways of shaping the work can be determined, depending on the professional background and qualification of the staff. In the future, it is essential to make the work of staff in all-day schools visible and to highlight the challenges in dealing with different demands in the hope that a coherent attitude toward their work will emerge.

Compliance with COVID-19 protocols among college students in Ghana: evidence from 2020–2021

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic caused global illness, death, and economic setbacks, emphasizing the need for WHO-recommended safety protocols. Young adults, often asymptomatic yet rapid transmitters, show low compliance with safety protocols. This study examined the compliance of young Ghanaian adults during the pandemic, a group with limited data at the time. Understanding these behaviors has important implications for shaping public health measures in a post-pandemic world.ObjectiveTo examine conformity with public health protocols recommended for preventing the spread of COVID-19, and the factors related to it.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved an online survey of 303 University of Ghana students residing on campus. Testing of any relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19 knowledge, anxiety levels, risk perception, personality/psychological characteristics and compliance with COVID-19 hygiene and social distancing protocols was achieved using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Multiple and penalized logistic regression models were employed to identify factors linked to compliance with these protocols.ResultsAmong students, 72.9% had average awareness of COVID-19 prevention measures, 26% showed very high awareness, and just over 1% had limited awareness. Compliance was highest for respiratory hygiene (59%), followed by physical distancing (22%) and hand hygiene (9%). Notably, 71% did not adhere to most recommended safety protocols. Perceived likelihood of COVID-19 infection significantly influenced hand hygiene compliance. Students moderately or extremely concerned about infection were 3.8 and 4.4 times more likely, respectively, to comply with hand hygiene protocols. The adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were 2.9 (95% CI = 1.3–11.0, p = 0.016) for moderate concern and 4.4 (95% CI = 1.4–13.6, p = 0.009) for extreme concern.ConclusionDespite adequate awareness of COVID-19 safety protocols, student compliance to COVID-10 safety protocols was low, underscoring challenges in behavior change. These findings highlight lessons for post-pandemic public health strategies. Future efforts should focus on building trust, improving resource access, and enhancing education to prepare for global health emergencies. The study underscores the importance of applying pandemic insights to shape effective future responses.

Building trust in rural communities: recruitment and retention strategies in developmental science

BackgroundStudying human development often requires intimate interpersonal queries and interactions with children and families. Such research necessitates moving beyond traditional lab settings to engage participants within their communities for an extended period of time. Building trust is essential for conducting ecologically valid, longitudinal research, particularly when working with diverse and historically underserved populations. Developing effective, practical strategies to foster trust and rapport enhances recruitment, retention, and the overall quality of developmental research. This manuscript examines the recruitment and retention strategies aimed to facilitate trust and engagement in a longitudinal study involving rural participants in Northeast Georgia.MethodologyThe continuum of community engagement model suggests that research recruitment efforts should involve more than direct participant outreach, toward a multifaceted, community-driven approach. The current study employs a mixed-methods framework to evaluate these strategies in fostering trust and participant engagement. Qualitative data was collected from study reflection notes, interviews with extension agents, and participant surveys, alongside quantitative measures tracking enrollment, contacts, referrals, and participant trust.ResultsOur findings suggest that trust-building efforts, including community engagement teams, reciprocal community relationships, family and family-centered environments, and tailored communication strategies, enhanced participant engagement. Referrals emerged as the most effective method for recruitment. Integrating community-driven recruitment methods led to increased referrals and fostered long-term relationships and trust with community partners, but this success was only achieved after establishing connections and building trust within the community.ConclusionAddressing historical mistrust and promoting research inclusivity requires iterative, community-centered approaches. Our study highlights the importance of transparent communication, adaptive recruitment strategies, and sustained community engagement. Findings provide a framework for future research aiming to enhance trust, recruitment, and retention in complex biomedical and behavioral developmental science, ensuring more representative and impactful studies.

Strategi Kualitas Pelayanan dalam Membentuk Keputusan Nasabah Menggunakan Produk Tabungan Wadiah di BSI KCP Probolinggo Kraksaan

This study aims to understand the service strategy of Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) KCP Probolinggo Kraksaan in increasing customer satisfaction and decisions, especially on Easy Wadiah savings products. The approach used is qualitative phenomenology with interview, observation, and documentation methods to identify the main themes in the bank's service strategy. Data triangulation is applied to ensure the validity of the findings. The results of the study indicate that optimal service contributes significantly to increasing the number of customers. Ease of transaction process and responsiveness to customer needs build trust that drives customer decisions to choose sharia banking products. In addition, the Easy Wadiah savings marketing strategy applies the 4P and 7P marketing mix in various BSI branches. Product and price elements are the main attractions for customers. Digital-based marketing strategies through social media such as WhatsApp Business, Instagram, and the BSI Mobile Banking application have proven effective in increasing customer satisfaction. With competitive services, BSI KCP Probolinggo Kraksaan is able to compete with conventional banks and attract more customers. In conclusion, BSI's success in increasing the number of customers is highly dependent on optimal service strategies and innovative digital marketing.

Validation of Academic Credentials Using Block Chain

Abstract - This paper provides solution for verification of academic documents by the third party using block chain technology. For verification of credentials data protection technique is used, which makes the access to documents easier by third party. Every new pass out student need not require carrying all digital identities. This work addresses the issue of fake academic qualifications in competitive job markets. The system implemented here makes the verification process very effective which contributes to reduce the fake credentials. This approach provides third party access for verification of academic documents. This verification process is implemented using web service Pinata which makes the process of sharing and storing files very easily on Interplanetary File System. Smart contracts are developed and deployed using Hardhat platform. Data security and testing is done using integrating tool like Meta mask by leveraging tamper proof nature of block chain. Hence globally the validation of student credentials and enhancement of trust building of new passed out student is ensured by this work. Key Words: Block chain Technology, Smart Contracts, Credential Verification, Digital Identity, Trust.

Applying the behaviour change technique taxonomy to explore farm advisors’ perceptions of behaviour change support on-farm

ABSTRACT Purpose Farm advisors are professionals who support farmers to enhance their knowledge, develop skills and solve problems, to facilitate the adoption of beneficial behaviours. However, there is a dearth of literature, exploring how advisors deliver this support to farmers; or more specifically, the ‘behaviour change techniques’ (BCTs) they use. Accordingly, using the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy v01 (BCTTv01), the current study will explore the support advisors perceive they deliver to farmers, to foster on-farm behaviour change, and the factors which influence its effective delivery. Design/Methodology/Approach Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with farm advisors. Interview transcripts underwent inductive/deductive hybrid thematic analysis, to identify the specific BCTs advisors delivered when working with farmers and the factors which influenced their effective delivery. Findings Twenty-one BCTs were identified, including goal setting and social support. Relational factors including building trust, fostering collaboration, displaying compassion and supporting autonomy, facilitated a supportive environment for the delivery of these techniques. Practical implication To assist advisors in their role, behaviour change training focused on understanding the change process and building motivation, is needed. Theoretical implication The findings advance the theoretical understanding of how advisors support behaviour change on-farm, through the application of the BCTTv01. Originality This study takes a novel approach to further the understanding of how advisors support on-farm behaviour change, by utilising the BCTTv01.

Building TRUST: Empowering Teachers to Support Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

Students identified with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) often display a variety of challenging behaviors that can significantly affect both their learning and the dynamics of the student–teacher relationship. Addressing these challenges necessitates the development of authentic, meaningful connections between teachers and students, achieved through applying strategies designed to support student behavior and solidify a trusting relationship. This article introduces the TRUST mnemonic framework, a comprehensive, trauma-informed approach to help teachers build rapport, foster trust, engage, and support students with EBD. The framework encapsulates five principal strategies: transforming perceptions of challenging student behaviors, rapport-building, utilizing restorative practices, supplying choices, and teaming with student caregivers. Together, these strategies provide a structured model for fostering positive relationships and educational experiences while supporting student behavior, ultimately contributing to improved outcomes for students with EBD.

Internationalization and Trust From the Perspective of Mexican Entrepreneurs: Policy Implications for Small‐ and Medium‐Sized Enterprises in Developing Countries

ABSTRACTThis article examines the associations between trust—institutional and personal—and entrepreneurial internationalization by surveying to collect data from entrepreneurs (owners or chief executive officers). The survey involved a representative sample of 103 respondents who are members of the Employers Confederation of the Mexican Republic (Coparmex), Jalisco delegation. The survey process facilitated a comprehensive diagnosis, identifying trust levels among domestic and internationalized entrepreneurs. Based on t‐tests for mean comparisons, correlation, and regression analyses, the trust levels reported by entrepreneurs do not differentiate between those with exported sales and those with only local businesses. It suggests, all else being equal, that the trust of foreign partners should explain the possibilities for the internationalization of Mexican entrepreneurs. These findings have policy implications to support international networking and transparency by providing training in global business practices based on building trust with foreign partners and strengthening diplomatic relations and access to market information.

Elderly Consumers’ Online Grocery Shopping Continuance After COVID-19: A Combined Importance-Performance Map Analysis (cIPMA) Method

As the global population ages, China—home to the world’s largest ageing population—experienced a notable surge in online grocery shopping (OGS) among the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, concerns remain about whether this trend will persist post-pandemic and what strategies could sustain this market. Based on 284 responses analysed using PLS-SEM, our findings reveal that consumer trust, return policy leniency, performance expectancy, imitating others, and effort expectancy positively influence the intention to continue purchasing groceries online. In contrast, facilitating conditions do not significantly impact continuance intention, while social influence is marginally insignificant. Fear of COVID-19 negatively affects the intention to continue. We propose that signalling theory offers stronger explanatory power than UTAUT and herding behaviour in predicting elderly consumers’ OGS continuance intention. Building trust through user-friendly, straightforward platforms and flexible return policies may be an effective strategy to motivate and sustain elderly consumers’ long-term engagement with OGS platforms.

Mapping Workplace Inclusion in Hierarchical Collectivist Societies: A Causal Loop Diagram Approach

Workplace integration in hierarchical collectivist societies is shaped by structured social mechanisms rather than collectivist values alone. While collectivism is often assumed to foster inclusiveness, its structural manifestations regulate workplace inclusion through feedback loops of hierarchical loyalty, trust building, and kinship-based exclusivity. This study employs causal loop diagrams (CLDs) to conceptually map how cultural structures regulate workplace inclusion—not to assert empirical causality, but to illustrate the culturally grounded feedback loops in Indonesia and the Philippines. The findings identify the reinforcing loops that sustain hierarchical exclusivity in Indonesia and a counterbalancing loop that facilitates immediate kinship-based trust in the Philippines. By conceptualizing workplace inclusion as an emergent property of interdependent social mechanisms, this study highlights how structured exclusivity stabilizes hierarchical workplaces while limiting adaptability. Unlike frameworks that treat collectivism as a static cultural trait, CLDs provide a dynamic lens to analyze how workplace inclusion evolves through structured feedback loops—revealing how structured exclusivity in collectivist systems governs trust, inclusion, and legitimacy not through ideology alone, but through relational sponsorship, time-dependent trust, and group-based gatekeeping. These insights contribute to cross-cultural management and organizational studies by demonstrating how structured exclusion functions as a self-reinforcing mechanism. The findings have implications for multinational corporations, policymakers, and organizational leaders seeking to design adaptive strategies for workplace integration in hierarchical collectivist environments. While both countries are analyzed, Indonesia serves as the primary site of investigation, with the Philippines providing a contrast to illuminate structured exclusivity mechanisms in hierarchical collectivist contexts.

Building trust during crises by engaging with existing distrust

It has often been argued that trust cannot be built during crises. While this line of thinking recognizes the importance of building trust before or after crises, it negates the possibility of building trust during a crisis. This paper offers two scenarios to argue for the possibilities of building trust during crises by engaging with existing distrust, with special reference to examples during the COVID-19 pandemic. The first considers distrust towards vaccines and public health interventions among Black Americans that was addressed through interventions that partnered with trusted third parties during the COVID-19 pandemic. The second discusses the Indian transgender community where trust networks built between public health organizations and activists groups was mobilized to engage with existing distrust during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the success of these interventions, this perspective paper ends by clarifying that engaging with distrust does not have to result in achieving public health goals with a brief considerations of two cases: the polio vaccine boycott in Nigeria (2003) and medical populism in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. These examples highlight that if existing distrust toward the medical system is not addressed, then space is created during crises-periods for distrust to be mobilized in ways that compromise public health goals.

Adverse events among early caregivers' COVID-19 vaccination correlated inversely with intention to vaccinate their children.

Adverse events among early caregivers' COVID-19 vaccination correlated inversely with intention to vaccinate their children.

A Primer in Population Health Management

Population health management (PHM) and value-based care (VBC) aim to enhance care quality and reduce costs, and may include additional goals. The definition and implementation of PHM vary among organizations. Although definitions vary, central to PHM is improving the health of a specific population. It is distinct from other disciplines, particularly public health, which it often is confused with. Although PHM program designs vary from one organization to another, they share common characteristics, including multidisciplinary teams, data analytics, information sharing, and a broad range of interventions. Data analysis and reporting are key elements of PHM programs, supporting informed decision making and guiding evidence-based activities. Risk stratification is an important feature of analytics that identifies population segments where interventions are likely to have the most impact. PHM teams require expertise from different disciplines, and clinicians should be involved in the design of programs and stratification models, the development and monitoring of interventions, the communication of goals and opportunities, and the evaluation of a program’s success. Physician leaders play an important role not only in these activities but also in trust building. PHM operations entail clear roles and expectations; participatory input, and regular information sharing are essential. Many challenges that may impact the evaluation of PHM programs include annual variations, outcome realization times, and limited ability to attribute outcomes to specific interventions. Investment in PHM, alignment with VBC, proactive efficient interventions, adaptable operations, dependable analytics, and strong collaboration drive success.

Nursing Praxis on Intercultural Care with War-Affected Refugees

The purpose of this study was to describe the nursing praxis of nurses and midwives on intercultural care in Poland with refugees from Ukraine. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted by an international, inter-professional research team, co-led by nurse scientists in the USA and Poland. In-depth interviews were completed in 2023 with 15 Polish nurses and midwives who cared for refugees from Ukraine. Nursing praxis was identified in four themes: Mobilizing resources, Clarifying health services, (In)visibility of trauma, and Discerning cultural nuances. Nurses were at the forefront of professional and volunteer efforts to assist refugees. Nursing praxis focused on building trust and creating a “sense of security” among refugees. There was a systemic lack of trauma-informed care and language access for nurses, hindering intercultural care. The study suggests nurses advocate for institutional support of qualified interpreters on health care teams where language differences persist. Nursing education should include intercultural care for war-affected refugees who are likely to experience long term psychological trauma. Ukrainian leaders could partner with investigators on research and program development for sustainable solutions in refugee communities.

Anti-vaccine attitudes and COVID-19 vaccine status at the end of the U.S. public health emergency.

Anti-vaccine attitudes and COVID-19 vaccine status at the end of the U.S. public health emergency.

Building Trust for Resilience Development Among High School Seniors

This study investigates the critical role of trust in fostering educational resilience and enhancing learning outcomes by creating supportive, psychologically safe environments for both students and teachers. Utilizing a narrative research method under qualitative design, data was gathered through surveys and open interviews with students in diverse educational settings. The study analyzed the impact of open communication, empathy, and positive reinforcement on building trust and promoting resilience. The results demonstrate that trust, rooted in consistent teacher-student interactions, significantly enhances students' ability to engage with challenges. For example, open communication encourages students to share their struggles and achievements, while empathy from teachers creates an atmosphere of acceptance and validation. Specific evidence highlighted those students who experienced positive reinforcement felt more motivated and resilient in their academic endeavors, further deepening their trust in their educators. The study concludes that trust is a foundational element in educational environments, crucial for building student resilience and promoting academic success. Educators and institutions should prioritize transparent communication, empathy, and consistent encouragement to create a culture of trust, which in turn supports student growth and long-term achievement.

Childhood Vaccine Hesitancy as an Interaction-Based Phenomenon.

The paper discusses the role of the interaction between parents and healthcare professionals in overcoming or heightening childhood vaccine hesitancy. Childhood vaccine hesitancy is seen as a set of attitudes and behaviours-that is, dispositions-that are highly dependent on how trust and vulnerability intersect during vaccination appointments. Drawing on a rapid team ethnography conducted in the Northwest of Italy, we discuss how parents' trust in vaccination changes along specific trajectories, depending on how healthcare professionals manage epistemic conflicts with hesitant parents. We employ the concept of interactional trust to show how trust can be eroded or restored during specific interactions, regardless of the initial trust capital. Healthcare professionals' discursive and interactive strategies during inoculation can have long-term effects on parents' interpersonal trust and institutional trust in both immunisation and in the healthcare system. If parents and healthcare professionals fail to embrace their reciprocal vulnerability, the trust building system is flawed.

More than modelling: Building trust for positive change in water resources management

More than modelling: Building trust for positive change in water resources management

Analisis Peran Influencer Marketing dalam Membangun Brand Awareness dan Kepercayaan Konsumen pada Generasi Z

This study aims to examine the influence of influencer marketing in increasing brand awareness and consumer trust among generation Z with a case study of Scarlett Whitening. Using quantitative methods, this study tests the hypothesis through path analysis. The results show that influencer marketing has a significant influence on brand awareness and consumer trust. Influencer credibility, authenticity, and engagement are the main factors in forming positive perceptions of the brand. Scarlett Whitening utilizes this marketing strategy through collaboration with macro and micro influencers, interactive content presentation, and consistency in brand communication. These findings confirm that influencer marketing is an effective promotional strategy in increasing brand awareness and building trust, especially among generation Z who are more active in digital media. Further research is recommended to explore other factors that can influence consumer behavior in the digital era.