Budget Revenues Research Articles

РЕГИОНАЛЬНАЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ: ОПЫТ ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ПОСЛЕ РЕАЛИЗОВАННОЙ УГРОЗЫ (НА МАТЕРИАЛАХ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭКОНОМИКИ НОВЫХ РЕГИОНОВ РОССИИ)

The article is devoted to the issues of restoration and development of the economy of the new regions of the Russian Federation. The socio-economic measures taken to integrate the Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics, as well as the Zaporozhye and Kherson regions into the Russian legal and economic space are considered. The author analyzes support programs aimed at reviving the industrial and agricultural potential of these territories, as well as the construction and modernization of infrastructure facilities. The key directions of economic policy and the importance of federal support for accelerating the socio-economic growth of new regions are emphasized. This study also focuses on positive changes that are manifested in the growth of budget revenues and a reduction in the level of subsidies. It also emphasizes the strategic importance of infrastructure rehabilitation and industrialization, which are key to achieving long-term economic stability and prosperity in these regions.

Problems and prospects for the development of the tourism industry in the region (using the example of the Republic of Khakassia)

The article provides an in-depth review and analysis of statistical data on tourist flow in the region and related economic indicators. A comparative analysis of the tourism industry development in the regions of the SFD: Tyva, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Altai and Khakassia; the dynamics of changes in the indicators is given in the period from 2014 to 2024. The review of available scientific literature on the stated problematic allowed us to identify a number of factors that have a significant impact on the development of the tourism industry in the regions of the Russian Federation. This made it possible to highlight the negative factors and their consequences for the tourism industry of the Republic of Khakassia. It was concluded that tourism with the realization of all factors of its effective functioning is one of the most universal and rapidly developing sectors of the national economy. At the same time, in order for the tourism industry to get a point of growth, its driver should be investments and special attention and support from the regional authorities. The effectiveness of the tourism industry development for the regional budget revenue, creation of additional jobs and socialization of society is shown.

The Impact of Corporate Governance Monitoring Mechanisms on Tax Avoidance

Many countries rely on taxes as their primary source of revenue to raise budget revenues and fund national development. Taxation performs numerous functions by favourably influencing a country’s investment, education, social and economic development. Nevertheless, tax authorities require assistance with the problem of tax non-compliance, which hinders tax collection and administration. Tax avoidance is a tactic that businesses use to limit their tax liabilities by taking advantage of legal gaps in tax legislation. It is one type of non-compliance with tax laws. Tax avoidance is the practice of a business using a certain tax approach in the hopes that it will not be legally audited or questioned. However, this can be dangerous if the tax strategies are thought to be illegal. Despite applying corporate governance principles within listed corporations, the problem of corporate tax revenues in Malaysia remains a source of worry, as they account for a major amount of the government’s total income collection. As a result, good governance processes may provide greater tax avoidance supervision among Malaysian enterprises, thus improving the company’s integrity and aligning it with the national Sustainable Development Goal strategy. Nonetheless, few studies integrate good governance techniques into common governance mechanisms for tracking tax avoidance, especially in Malaysia, an emerging nation. This study aims to determine how corporate governance monitoring systems affect tax avoidance. A secondary data analysis will be carried out based on the reported financial statements of Malaysian listed firms from 2018 to 2022 (5 years). The data for this investigation are analysed using STATA software. The findings of this study show that corporate social responsibility has a weak, significant negative impact on tax avoidance, and foreign ownership has a weak, significant positive impact on tax avoidance. Meanwhile, leverage (control variable) shows a significant positive impact on tax avoidance.

Analisis pencatatan dan pelaporan belanja modal pada Badan Keuangan dan Aset Daerah Kota Manado

This study aims to determine the recording and reporting of capital expenditures at the Regional Finance and Assets Agency in Manado City during the implementation of Permendagri No. 77 of 2020. This kind of research is qualitative descriptive. Based on the results of the research, recording or accounting of capital expenditure at the Regional Finance and Assets Agency in Manado City is an important process in public financial management. Reporting is a form of regional financial accountability. Accountability can be realized in the form of financial statements and activities. Financial statements that include information on capital expenditure reports are reports on the realization of regional revenue and expenditure budgets. The recording of capital expenditure in Manado City BKAD is in accordance with the applicable Minister of Home Affairs. During the implementation of Permendagri No. 77 of 2020, the procedure is stricter and more detailed, discussing capital expenditures and using technology to improve financial accuracy and transparency. Capital expenditure reporting in Manado City BKAD is also in accordance with Permendagri No. 77 of 2020 in the Minister of Home Affairs, where capital expenditure reporting is more structured and technology-based.

The Influence of PAD Changes, Changes in Regional Expenditure and Budget Performance on Financial Performance in Aceh

This research aims to test the effect of changes in local revenue budgets, changes in regional expenditure budgets, and budget performance on financial performance. The approach of this research used of quatitative. This study uses a census technique with a total of 92 district/city government financial report data in Aceh province. The secondary data has been used the type of data obtained from djpk.kemenkeu.go.id web data, budget realization reports and operational reports. This study uses multiple linear regression methods with the help of IBM SPSS statistical software 26. The results of the research findings show that changes in local revenue budgets and changes in local expenditure budgets have a negative impact on local government financial and budget performance has a positive impact on local government financial performance.

MANAJEMEN BERBASIS SEKOLAH (KONSEP MANAJEMEN PENINGKATAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN)

School Based Management (MBS) is an effort to open up opportunities and opportunities to improve and increase the quality of education, how education management can be reorganized to be more more effective and efficient based on the characteristics of each region. This research aims to study it authentically, emphasizing a holistic understanding of the management concept of improving the quality of education through MBS. Using a descriptive method, a literature review type of study. Data comes from nine scientific articles published in 2024, and nationally accredited. (content analysis) is used as a method of analyzing the data result obtained by researchers. Three steps are used in the data validity testing process, namely: trustworthiness, transferability, and research dependence on the data obtained. The result of the article review found that the MBS program has the potential to improve the quality of education, through activities: school principal training as a development effort, teacher participation, and community/school committee involvement in quality school programs, the preparation of: (RIPS) School Development Master Plan, (RAPBS) Plan School Revenue and Expenditure Budget, School self-evaluation and supervision of the school principal as an effort to optimize the strategic role and independence of the school.

Моделі оцінки ризиків використання криптовалюти для шахрайства та легалізації злочинних доходів

Introduction. In response to the urgent need of countries to implement effective measures aimed at preventing the criminal and terrorist use of the virtual assets sector, the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF) has introduced global standards for virtual assets and virtual asset service providers (VASPs). In particular, the FATF noted that the rapid development, growth of functionality, expansion of use and the global, cross-border nature of virtual assets makes urgent action by countries to reduce the risks of money laundering and terrorist financing (hereinafter referred to as ML/TF) associated with transactions with virtual assets a priority task. The latest FATF findings indicate that countries continue to experience difficulties in meeting basic requirements, such as conducting risk assessments, adopting legislation to regulate virtual asset market operators, and conducting supervisory audits. Problem Statement. The improper use of virtual assets for money laundering and terrorist financing undermines economic stability, fosters the growth of the shadow economy, reduces budget revenues, and weakens the investment climate. To implement international FATF standards, particularly the VASP programs on ML/TF, it is necessary to develop mathematical models for assessing the risks of virtual asset misuse in money laundering operations. Purpose. To study mathematical models for assessing the risk of virtual assets being used for money laundering, terrorist financing, and other criminal activities. Methods. General scientific and specialized methods were used, including analysis, synthesis, grouping, description, comparison, classification, expert assessments, forecasting, and theoretical generalization. Conclusions and results. The proposed methodology makes it possible to mitigate these risks by supporting informed decision-making and enhancing regulatory frameworks. Strengthening legal structures for VA service providers, related to the turnover of virtual assets, and financial institutions will promote transparency, reduce vulnerabilities, and enable effective international cooperation to combat illicit financial activities. Advanced methodological approaches to assessing the risks of virtual assets in the field of combating money laundering and terrorist financing will refine global standards for ML/TF efforts and facilitate the integration of cutting-edge technologies for monitoring financial flows, contributing to economic stability and security.

Державне регулювання енергетичного сектору з урахуванням його потреб в інвестиціях

Introduction. State regulation of the energy sector is a key factor in ensuring its effective functioning. The main focus of state regulation should be to increase energy production, ensure fair pricing of energy resources in the domestic market, and reduce costs per unit of converted, distributed, and used energy. Problem Statement. Under martial law, a difficult situation in the energy system of Ukraine and the lack of its own resources for the restoration of damage by energy companies, the issue of attracting investment resources from both national and international investors is gaining special importance. One of the key factors that affects not only the return on investment, but also the willingness of investors to invest is the state regulation of the energy market, which ensures the protection of the interests of investors. Purpose. To research into the issues of state regulation and development of the energy sector, taking into account its investment needs. Methods. In the research process, a comprehensive approach was used, including the comparison method, content analysis, statistical method, tabular method, and theoretical generalization method. Results. Based on the analysis of the cause-and-effect relationships between macroeconomic indicators of the energy sector, several main factors were identified that affect both the direct effect of investments, which consists of budget revenues from the energy sector, and the indirect effect, which manifests itself through the impact of energy on other industries and sectors of the country’s economy. These factors include the dynamics of energy capacity development; domestic energy needs; demand and prices on the European energy market; volume of energy generation; level of generation costs; sales volumes on the domestic and European markets; level of energy revenues of the Ukrainian budget. Conclusions. The following problems of state regulation of the energy sector have been identified, which negatively affect its development and the level of investment attraction: increasing costs for the transformation, distribution and use of energy resources; the presence of cross-subsidization of the population; an opaque mechanism for forming electricity prices; growing tax pressure on energy enterprises; the existing state monopoly on nuclear generation and hydro generation, etc.

ადგილობრივი და საერთო-სახელმწიფოებრივი გადასახადების როლი სახელმწიფო ბიუჯეტის ფორმირებაში

Local and general-state taxes play one of the largest roles in the formation of the state budget. The current legislation in Georgia defines one local and five general-state taxes. Local taxes include property tax, and general-state taxes include income tax, profit tax, value-added tax, excise duty and import duty. If we do not focus on the grants and other revenues received by the state, which, according to the data of the year ended in 2023, constituted 9.2% of the total budget revenues, the importance of local and general-state taxes for the revenues of the Georgian state budget becomes clear. Considering the global market economy, the more the tax system is refined and optimized for both individuals and legal entities, the greater the potential for attracting investment and interest from both local entities and foreign investment organizations, which will encourage business and increase budget revenues.

Industrial Policy, Sector Selection and Export Markets Strategies. The Case of the Kyrgyz Republic

The article analyzes industrial policy in general and the choice of economic sectors with the best potential for job creation, contribution to GDP and budget revenues. The necessity of implementing industrial policy as the preferred choice and the main strategy for achieving the overall goals of the country's economic development, in contrast to the neoliberal approach of trade openness, is discussed. The economic development of a country requires the transformation of economic activity from low-productivity sectors to high-productivity sectors by targeting selected sectors in which the country has comparative advantages. Changes of this magnitude can be achieved through a targeted, coordinated and consistent long-term industrial policy implemented by the Government. The methodology for selecting potential sectors of the economy, as well as target countries for exports, trade, investments and economic cooperation is presented using the example of Kyrgyzstan. It is concluded that effective industrial policy and the choice of priority sectors of the economy, combined with the choice of strategic economic alliances within the framework of EAEU membership, contribute to the successful development of the Kyrgyz Republic over the past decade.

A Review of The Regional Tax Budget Setting For Kepulauan Selayar Regency in 2023

This article discusses the analysis of the regional tax budget and regional levies in Selayar Islands Regency in 2023. This study aims to examine the determination of regional tax targets and regional levies in the 2023 Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) of Selayar Islands Regency based on Law Number 1 of 2022 concerning Financial Relations between the Central Government and Regional Governments. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method by analyzing secondary data in the form of the 2023 Selayar Islands Regency Budget. The results of the study show that the determination of regional tax and regional levy targets in the 2023 Selayar Islands Regency Budget has taken into account regional macroeconomic policies, the potential for regional taxes and regional levies, the provision of relief, reduction, exemption, and postponement of payments on the principal and/or sanctions of regional taxes and regional levies, as well as national fiscal policies and fiscal incentives carried out to support investment ease policies. However, there are still obstacles in the realization of the local government budget that need to be further evaluated.

Characteristics of the legal status of the balance holder of municipal property

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal status of the balance holder in the field of municipal property management in Ukraine, with a particular focus on its role and functional significance within legal relations arising in the contexts of concession, public-private partnership, privatization, and leasing of municipal property. It is substantiated that the legislative regulation of the balance holder’s status is fragmented and ambiguous, leading to legal uncertainty and creating significant difficulties for law enforcement practice. It has been revealed that the current regulatory framework lacks a unified definition of the term «balance holder,» which results in legal uncertainty and enables situations where the balance holder, contrary to the fundamental principles of local self-government, effectively assumes discretionary powers similar to those of a property owner. These inconsistencies in the definition and legal status of the balance holder may have both economic and managerial consequences, as they lead to weakened control over the management of municipal assets, potential losses in budget revenues, and increased risks of inefficient use of municipal property by territorial communities. Based on a systematic analysis of the current legislation, the necessity of forming a unified approach to defining the legal status of the balance holder, its competencies, and the scope of its responsibilities has been substantiated. It is proposed to refine the legal nature of this institution by replacing the term «balance holder» with «manager», which would more accurately reflect its functional essence – not only as an entity responsible for the accounting of municipal property but also as an entity engaged in its management, maintenance, and operation. The unification of approaches to the regulation of the balance holder’s status, the establishment of clear boundaries for its rights and obligations, and the introduction of an effective regulatory oversight mechanism for its activities will contribute to enhancing transparency in municipal property management, eliminating existing corruption risks, and ensuring the efficient use of territorial community resources in their best interest.

The Importance of Using Fiscal Policy Tools to Address Oil Price Volatility

The Iraqi economy is one of the prominent rentier economies, as it depends largely on oil sector revenues as a major source of hard currency. This has resulted in a set of impacts on the general economy, as the growth of public revenues in the federal budget of the state and the gross domestic product depends on the fluctuations of crude oil prices in the global market, which in turn affects oil revenues. In addition, these fluctuations directly affect the management of public spending by the state, making it difficult to reduce it. There is still an ongoing debate about the causes and motives of these fluctuations. Accordingly, the Iraqi government faces great difficulties in preparing the state's general budget, if there is a decrease in oil revenues. Hence, the necessity of diversifying sources of public revenues in the federal budget and supporting and developing other economic sectors in Iraq that are suffering from an almost complete halt at the present time, and benefiting from them in financing the general budget revenues, in addition to getting rid of or reducing dependence on oil sector revenues.

Optimization of Management of State and Municipal Commercial Real Estate

This article provides a comprehensive assessment of the current state of management for state and municipal commercial real estate. The relevance of this research stems from the pressing need for efficient utilization of public and municipal assets. Effective management of these properties not only increases budget revenues but also improves economic conditions for businesses renting or utilizing these assets. The study examines the primary approaches to the management of state and municipal real estate, analyzes international management practices, and includes a statistical analysis of the state of public and municipal properties. Key challenges and limitations in property management were identified, along with specific case studies and examples from practice. The main goal of this research is to develop recommendations to improve the efficiency of the management of state and municipal commercial real estate. Various methodologies were employed, including analytical, statistical, comparative, expert-based, and case-study methods. As a result, a system aimed at enhancing management efficiency was proposed, encompassing measures to optimize management processes, develop human resource potential, improve the regulatory framework, and integrate sustainable development principles. The author formulated a strategy for implementing these recommendations into wider practice, along with guidance on areas for further research. These findings contribute valuable insights into achieving more strategic and sustainable management of public and municipal assets to foster better economic and social outcomes.

Analysis of methods for assessing the tax potential of a region (using the example of the east Kazakhstan region)

Purpose of the research. The aim of the research is to identify the primary methodologies for comprehensively assessing the tax potential of a region, using the East Kazakhstan region as an example. This will enable a thorough analysis of the factors influencing the formation of the local budget's revenue component, thereby supporting the sustainable development of the region.Methodology. A variety of methods were employed during the research: statistical analysis for processing data characterizing the region's tax base and tax revenue dynamics, econometric modeling for forecasting tax potential, and comparative analysis for evaluating different methodologies for assessing tax potential in the region. A literature review of scientific works on the topic was conducted, which allowed for an examination of tax potential assessment issues in various regions of Kazakhstan and abroad, and highlighted the main methodologies used for a comprehensive assessment of the factors influencing the formation of the East Kazakhstan region's budget revenue.Originality / value. The originality of the research lies in the development and application of an integrated approach to assessing the region's tax potential, which is particularly important for optimizing the tax policy of East Kazakhstan. The study takes into account not only the regional economic characteristics but also the adaptability of advanced tax potential methodologies to East Kazakhstan, which could serve as a foundation for effective management of tax resources within the region.Findings. The main factors influencing the formation of East Kazakhstan’s tax potential were identified, including economic activity, sectoral structure, and demographic indicators. It was established that applying a comprehensive approach to assessing tax potential allows for more accurate revenue forecasting and optimization of the region’s tax policy. Practical recommendations were provided for improving the efficiency of utilizing East Kazakhstan’s tax potential. The necessity of adapting the most effective tax potential assessment methodologies for forecasting tax revenues and developing tax policies that contribute to the sustainable development of East Kazakhstan was substantiated.

Financial and Legal Implications of the Development of Electromobility for the National State Budget

This article focuses on the analysis of the impacts of the development of electromobility on national state budget revenues. In the first part, it provides a brief overview of alternative fuels and the current stage of electromobility development. The next part elaborates the legal framework of electricity taxation from the perspective of European legislation and national legislation of the Slovak Republic. In order to provide a comprehensive view of the impact of the development of electromobility on the state budget, part of this thesis is also devoted to a comparison of the Slovak national legislation and the Czech national legislation on the taxation of electricity consumption. The final part will assess the identified financial and legal impacts of the development of electromobility on public finances and makes a proposal of de lege ferenda.

Impact of global economic changes on Kazakhstan’s fiscal policy

The aim of this research – is to analyze key global factors, such as fluctuations in energy prices, international sanctions, changes in global trade, and global crises, as well as their impact on the budgetary policy of the country.Methodology – the study employed various methodological approaches and analytical methods. A collection and analysis of statistical data on the revenues and expenditures of Kazakhstan’s state budget over the past five years was conducted. This approach allowed for an assessment of the influence of global economic factors, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, energy price fluctuations, and international sanctions, on the dynamics of budget indicators and the structure of budget revenues. Additionally, a content analysis of literature, including research, analytical reports, and legislative documents related to Kazakhstan's budgetary policy in the context of global economic changes, was carried out.Research value – the originality of the study lies in the comprehensive analysis of the influence of global factors on Kazakhstan's budgetary policy, providing a holistic view of their impact and leading to practical recommendations for increasing the flexibility of budgetary policy amid global instability. This research significantly contributes to the understanding of financial planning and management mechanisms in developing countries affected by global changes. The practical value of the study lies in the development of recommendations for adjusting Kazakhstan's budgetary policy in the face of global instability.The research findings – can be used to improve financial planning and to develop strategies for minimizing the negative consequences of global economic changes, contributing to the maintenance of financial stability and sustainable economic growth in the country.

THE IMPACT AND ANALYSIS OF THE FISCAL ACTIVITIES OF CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES ON FOREIGN TRADE OPERATIONS

This article analyzes the fscal activities of customs authorities and their impact on foreign trade operations.Customs fscal policy aims to regulate import and export processes, increase budget revenues, and ensure economicsecurity. International practices are examined, and recommendations are provided for improving customs fscal policy inthe context of Uzbekistan.

TAX EVASION RISK REDUCTION STRATEGIES FOR INCREASING TAX SECURITY OF THE STATE

Tax evasion causes serious damage to public finances every year, and effective strategies to combat these risks are essential to ensure stable budget revenues. The aim of the study is to analyse the causes of tax evasion and evaluate the relevant policy measures based on the experience of different countries. The study employs econometric analysis, case study, and correlation analysis. The results show that the level of corporate governance, as well as the degree of transparency, are inversely proportional to tax evasion situations. The study found that international measures such as a common reporting standard are important in minimizing cross-border tax evasion, but this depends on the effectiveness of domestic implementation structures. The work confirms that good governance, transparency and corporate social responsibility play an important role in the fight against tax evasion. The study supports the argument that domestic reforms and international cooperation are needed to improve tax compliance. It is necessary to carry out further research on the cultural and social consequences of tax evasion. It is important to consider digitalization and its impact on compliance with tax legislation. Sector-specific analysis of tax avoidance behaviour can be useful for decision-making by policy-makers. Further research could also consider the effectiveness of newly introduced tax measures and international agreements in a dynamic economic environment.

Value for Money Analysis of Bandung City Goverment Financial Reports 2022-2023

The success of regional development highly depends on good and efficient financial management. Effective management reflects accountability and transparency in government, which can be measured through the value for money (VfM) principle with economic, efficiency, and effectiveness ratios. This article aims to evaluate the financial management performance of the Bandung City Government in 2022 and 2023 based on the VfM ratio analysis. Based on the processed regional revenue and expenditure budget (APBD) data, it was found that the economic ratio in 2022 only reached 1.23% and increased significantly to 57.4% in 2023. The efficiency ratio of 2.43% in 2022 experienced a slight increase to 2.6% in 2023. Meanwhile, the effectiveness ratio of 55.9% in 2022 increased sharply to 98.8% in 2023. Although there was a significant improvement in the aspect of effectiveness, the analysis results showed that efficiency still remains the main challenge in financial management. This article also provides practical solutions to overcome these problems, such as improving budget evaluation, implementing a performance-based management system, and optimizing revenue collection strategies through information technology. This is expected to encourage better efficiency and effectiveness of budget management in the future so that it is in line with the VfM principle, which demands the use of funds economically, efficiently, and effectively.